Impembelelo kwiimisebenzi zangaphakathi

Wonke umntu onolwazi kufuneka azi ngeBitcoin kuba inokuba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezenzekileyo ehlabathini.
Lwazi

5.1.0 Intshayelelo

Iinkokeli ze-IT zinoxanduva kwishishini, zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ukukhuthaza izinto ezintsha kunye nokhuphiswano kwiinkampani zabo, kwakunye nokufumana iindlela zokuphucula ukusebenza ngaphakathi ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko.

Kukho imingcipheko eqhelekileyo kunye nokuqonda okungachanekanga malunga neBitcoin okubalulekileyo ukuqonda nokunika isikhokelo:

• Idla ngokubonwa njengenxalenye yomzi-mveliso omkhulu we-‘crypto’, kunye nezisombululo ezisekelwe kwenye yezinto ezintsha eziphambili ezisetyenziswa, i-blockchain.
• Ibonwa njengento ‘echitha amandla’ ukuqhuba inethiwekhi.
• Kukho umngcipheko kubasebenzisi bePublic Cloud wokuba imeko-bume ingahlaselwa kwaye isetyenziswe ‘ukumba’ iBitcoin okanye ezinye iimali ze-crypto ngumntu onobungozi, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwityala elikhulu nelingalindelekanga, kwakunye nefuthe ekusebenzeni kwezicelo zeshishini.
• Kukho ukuswela ulwazi ngetekhnoloji esetyenziswa yiBitcoin.

Kwicala elilungileyo, iBitcoin inokuba luncedo kuyo nayiphi na inkampani ngokuthi:

• Yongezwe kwithala-mali njengempahla, nokuba ikumbiwa ngqo okanye ithengwe kwimarike evulekileyo.
• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga ukumba iBitcoin yenkampani.
• Ukubonelela ngesizathu sokutyala imali kwizisombululo ze-AI ezidinga izixhobo zokubala ezinamandla afanayo.
• Ukongeza indlela yokuhlawula enye ekuthengeni iinkonzo okanye iimveliso zenkampani.
• Ukunciphisa iindleko zokuguqula imali zamazwe ngamazwe.
• Ukubonelela ngelinye inqaku lomenzi wenzuzo kubasebenzi ngokusebenzisa iintlawulo ze-Lightning.
• Ukwakha imithombo emitsha yengeniso yenkampani esekwe kwiBitcoin.

Nayiphi na inkokeli ye-IT kufuneka ithathe ixesha lokuqonda iBitcoin, nefuthe elinokubakho kunye nemingcipheko enxulumene nayo, kwakunye neenzuzo ezinokubakho, ukuze ikwazi ukunika isikhokelo nobunkokeli kwishishini.

I-Bitcoin yimpumelelo enkulu kwicandelo le-cryptography. Ukukwazi ukudala into engenakuphindwa kwihlabathi ledijithali kunexabiso elikhulu. Abantu abaninzi baza kwakha amashishini phezu koko.
Eric Schmidt

5.1.1 Imingcipheko kunye nokuqonda okungachanekanga malunga neBitcoin

I-Bitcoin njengenxalenye yomzi-mveliso omkhulu we-‘crypto’.

I-Bitcoin yayiyinzame yokuqala ephumeleleyo yokudala impahla yedijithali enomda kwaye iye yazala umzi-mveliso opheleleyo we-‘alt-coins’ ezizama ukusebenzisa eminye yetekhnoloji esisiseko ukuzama ‘ukuphucula’ iBitcoin okanye ukwakha isisombululo sokujolisa kwezinye iimarike ezinokubakho.

Ababoneleli be-cloud yoluntu baye badala amaqonga e-blockchain ukuvumela iinkampani zakhe ezi zisombululo, kodwa umdla kwezi uhlala unyuka kwaye wehle ngokuhambelana nokukhankanywa kweshishini, eneneni iMicrosoft yayeka inkonzo yayo ye-blockchain ngo-2021.

• Kude kube ngu-2017, iBitcoin yayimela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-95% yomthamo wemali we-crypto iyonke.
• Izaqhwithi zokuqala ze-‘alternative’ crypto ICOs zabangela ukuba ulawulo lweBitcoin lwehle lufikelele kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi le-37.6%.
• Njengoko ezi zingazange zize nezibonelelo zeshishini ezibonakalayo kwaye zaqala ukuphela, ulawulo lweBitcoin lwaqala ukunyuka kwakhona.
• Ngo-2021, njengoko ixabiso leBitcoin lanyuka, kwavela izaqhwithi ezintsha zezisombululo ezisekwe kwi-NFT ezaphinda zanciphisa ulawulo lweBitcoin.
• Emva kokuba olu khankanyo luphinde lwasilela ukuvelisa izibonelelo ezibonakalayo, ulawulo lweBitcoin luqalile ukunyuka kwakhona.
• Xa iBitcoin ingena kwenye imarike yokunyuka, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvele izaqhwithi ezintsha ze-‘alt-coins’ ukuzama ukuzuza kwindlela entsha, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziya kufumana isiphelo esifanayo.

Ukuba ishishini liza kwinkokeli ye-IT nezinto ezintsha ezikhuthazwa njengesisombululo esithile se-blockchain, okanye njengenye indlela kwiBitcoin, kubalulekile ukukhumbula le ndlela kwaye ubuze:

• Yintoni injongo ye-blockchain?
• Ngaba i-blockchain iyafuneka okanye iyathandeka kwaphela, xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwayo xa ithelekiswa ne-database yerelational egxile embindini?
• Ngubani onokutshintsha iprotocol kwaye yintoni impembelelo yayo kwisombululo?
• Zeziphi izinto ezinikwe umngcipheko ukhuseleko okanye ukungagqibekanga ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza okukhankanyiweyo?
• Yeyiphi inzuzo enokubonelelwa engakwazi ukunikwa yiBitcoin kunye neprotocols ezinxulumene nayo, ezifana ne-Lightning?

Iziphumo zokuqhuba iBitcoin

Kuxhomekeke kwicandelo elisebenza kulo ishishini, kunokubakho izibonelelo ezivela kumsebenzi wokumba iBitcoin, ngakumbi apho ubushushu obuveliswayo bunokusetyenziswa ngendlela eluncedo. Nangona kunjalo, rhoqo kukho ukuchasa ngenxa yokuba iBitcoin ibonwa njengengalunganga kwindalo, ichitha amandla okanye ingenanzuzo.

Njengenkokeli ye-IT, ukuqonda le meko kunye nokuba kukho izibonelelo ezinokubakho kwinkampani kuyimfuneko ukuze unike isikhokelo esisebenzayo. Imbono eqhelekileyo ibikukuba iBitcoin ayilunganga kwindalo kwaye ichitha amandla. Kodwa oku kuyatshintsha ngokukhawuleza, iingxelo ezininzi ezilungileyo ziyapapashwa, kwaye eli bali kulindeleke ukuba litshintshe libe yile apho ukumba iBitcoin kunokubonwa njengeluncedo kwindalo nakutshintsho oluya kwimithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo. Le yinto iinkampani ezininzi ezijolise kuyo kwiimfuno zabo ze-ESG.

Ukuqonda imingcipheko enokubakho yokumba i-crypto

Kube nemizekelo kwixesha elidlulileyo apho imeko-bume yePublic cloud elawulwa yinkampani ithathiwe ngabaqhacker, abakwazi ngokukhawuleza ukuvulela izixhobo zokubala ezongezelelweyo ukuze bakumbe i-crypto. Okukhona izixhobo ezinamandla aphezulu (ezibiza kakhulu) zivuliwe, kokukhona amathuba omqhacker okumba iBitcoin okanye enye i-crypto. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-‘Crypto-Jacking’ - ngokwe-AWS:

‘Le yintlobo yolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-cyber equka ukusetyenziswa okungagunyaziswanga kwezixhobo (iikhompyutha ezikwi-edge, iiselfowuni, iitafilethi, okanye iiseva) ukumba i-cryptocurrency. Njengoko amaxabiso e-cryptocurrency enyuka kwaye izixhobo ezinamandla ezise-edge ezine-GPU zisetyenziswa ukuqhuba iimeko zokusebenzisa i-Machine Learning kwi-edge, umngcipheko wokuba abaphangi basebenzise iziphene zokhuseleko kwizixhobo ze-edge uyanda. Xa oku kwenzeka, izixhobo zokubala ze-edge zisetyenziswa ukumba i-crypto currency, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenziseni okuphezulu kwe-CPU/GPU kunye nokuncipha kokusebenza kwezicelo ze-edge kunye nokunyuka kwexesha lokuqhuba i-ML kwi-edge.’

Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba nasiphi na ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-public cloud kuyilwe kakuhle ngokulandela ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo. Ezi zihlala zichazwe ngendlela ethile ye-Cloud Adoption Framework, echaza iingcebiso malunga nokhuseleko, ukusebenza, ukongamela, ukomelela kunye nemisebenzi. Inkokeli ye-IT kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ezi ziyalandelwa, kwaye ukuba uhlobo oluthile lokongamela ngexesha langempela luvuliwe ukuze kuchongwe kwaye kuthintelwe olu hlaselo phambi kokuba kubekho iindleko ezinkulu.

Ukuswela ulwazi ngetekhnoloji esetyenziswa yiBitcoin

Kukho ukuqonda okungachanekanga okuninzi malunga netekhnoloji esetyenziswa yiBitcoin, okuholela kwimibuzo yokuba ingaba inokugqunywa, amandla asetyenziswa, okanye ukuba ingagqithwa nguhlobo olutsha njengoko kusoloko kwenzeka ngetekhnoloji. Njengomphathi wezobuchwephesha, ukuba nolwazi ngetekhnoloji esisiseko kuya kuba luncedo ukubeka iBitcoin kakuhle ngaphakathi kwenkampani ukuze kuthotywe ezi nkxalabo.

5.1.2 Kwicala elilungileyo.

I-Bitcoin njengempahla yethala-mali

Kukho izibonelelo zemali ezinokubakho kwinkampani efaka iBitcoin kwiincwadi zayo njengempahla yethala-mali.

• Ukugcina ixabiso kunye nokuzikhusela kukunyuka kwamaxabiso
• Ukuncipha kokuthembela kwiimali ze-fiat njengendawo yokugcina ixabiso
• Umngcipheko womntu wesithathu kwicandelo leebhanki
• Uncedo lokuqala kwishishini ekongezweni kweBitcoin kwimali yalo yokugcina

Nangona iziphumo zemali zokwenza oku ngokwembono ye-accountancy zingeloxanduva lomphathi we-IT, ukuqonda indlela oku kunokusebenza ngayo kunye nendlela iBitcoin enokuthengwa, igcinwe kwaye ikhuseleke kuya kuba yinxalenye yomsebenzi wakhe.

Zikhona iinkonzo ezikhoyo kwimarike eziza kunceda ekuthengeni, ekugcineni nasekubolekiseni ngokuchasene neempahla ezigciniweyo. Ukuba le ngxoxo iza phakathi kwenkampani, kwaye kufuneka, umphathi we-IT anganceda ekuqinisekiseni iinkampani zomntu wesithathu ezinikezela ngezi nkonzo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo ezinikezelwayo zihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko, ukucaca kunye neempawu zenkonzo kuya kunceda ekukhetheni iqabane elithembekileyo.

Izibonelelo zokumba iBitcoin

Ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zokugcina idatha kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke kwixesha elizayo, kwaye inxalenye enkulu yeendleko zokusebenza kweendawo zokugcina idatha kukuphelisa ubushushu obuveliswayo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwizicelo ezisebenzisa iikhompyutha ezinamandla aphezulu, ezifana ne-AI/ML kunye nokumba iBitcoin.

Iinkampani kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela ziye zafumanisa indlela le ntshukumo yobushushu enokuthi ibe luncedo kwishishini endaweni yokuba yindleko ngokusebenzisa ubushushu obuvelisiweyo kwi:

• Iipuli zokuqubha/iiSpas
• Iziko lemidlalo yamanzi
• Ukukhulisa iintyatyambo/izityalo kwiigreenhouse
• Ukufudumeza izakhiwo zeshishini kunye neenkqubo zamanzi ashushu

Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenza kunye nenkampani yokumba iBitcoin esebenzisa izakhiwo zeshishini ukumba iBitcoin ngenjongo yenzuzo kwaye inike ubushushu bokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, okanye

ishishini linokwenza lo msebenzi ngokwalo ukuze lakhe imali yokugcina yeBitcoin ngqo. Le ndlela inokunceda inkampani nakwiinzame zayo ze-ESG.

Indlela engathanga ngqo yokufumana ezinye zezi zibonelelo kukuhambisa iimfuno zokubala kwiindawo zokugcina idatha ezisebenzisa le ndlela kwaye zinike indawo yeerakhi okanye iziseko njengenkonzo elawulwayo kwaye ezidlulisela ezinye zezi ndleko ezigcinwayo kwishishini.

Njengomphathi we-IT, ukuhlala usesikhathini kweli candelo kuya kukunceda ukhokelise inkampani ekwamkeleni izisombululo ezinokunceda ishishini.

Bitcoin kunye ne-AI

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI kunye ne-ML kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke kakhulu kwiminyaka ezayo. Indibaniselwano yeBitcoin kunye noBukrelekrele bokwenziwa ikhokelela kwixesha elitsha leentshukumo zedijithali, ngakumbi ngokudityaniswa kwe-AI kunye neLightning Network yeBitcoin. Le manyano ilindeleke ukuba itshintshe imiba ye-intanethi, ukusuka kwiintlawulo ezincinci ukuya kwi-arhente zoqoqosho ezikhokelwa yi-AI kwi-intanethi.

• Ukulungisa iimodeli ze-AI kakuhle yinyathelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwe-AI – iintlawulo ezincinci usebenzisa iLightning zinokwenza abantu kwihlabathi liphela bakwazi ukuhlawulwa ngomsebenzi ngamnye kwiBitcoin, kukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba.
• Kwiimeko apho iiarhente ze-AI zenza iintengiselwano ngeenkonzo, iLightning network sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yoqoqosho ekhokelwa yi-AI apho isantya sibalulekile.
• Xa inkqubo ye-AI sele iphuhliswe, iintlawulo ezincinci zinokunceda ekudaleni imodeli yokuhlawula ngokusetyenziswa kuphela apho abasebenzisi behlawula kuphela ngezixhobo ze-AI abazisebenzisayo.

Nakuphi na ishishini elicinga ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI, nokuba njengenkonzo ekufuneka ihlawulwe okanye kuphuhliso lwesisombululo sayo se-AI, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela iBitcoin kunye neLightning edityaniswa ngayo kwaye yongeza ixabiso kuso nasiphi na isisombululo.

Umthombo: https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2023/12/08/ai-and-bitcoin--a-synergy-for-the-future/

Iindlela ezintsha zokuhlawula ezithengiswayo

Nasiphi na ishishini esamkelayo iintlawulo ngeenkonzo, nokuba ngqo kwiindawo zokuthengisa okanye kwi-intanethi, sinokuxhamla ekwamkeleni iintlawulo zeBitcoin ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Ukonyuka kwabathengi kunye nokukhula kweshishini ngokujolisa kubathengi beBitcoin
• Iintlawulo eziphantsi kakhulu okanye ezingenazo kwaphela
• Intlawulo ekhawulezayo
• Akukho zimbuyekezo zentlawulo (Chargebacks)

Ukusuka kumbono we-accounting, zikhona iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphatha iBitcoin efunyenweyo, ukuyigcina njengemali yokugcina okanye ukuyiguqulela ngqo kwi-fiat, okanye indibaniselwano njengoko kuvunyelwene. Kuxhomekeke kwishishini, kungabakho imiba yezobugcisa ekufuneka yenziwe, njengamatheminali amatsha ePOS okanye ukudityaniswa nesoftware yokuhlawula kwi-intanethi, ekufuneka umphathi we-IT aqonde imiphumo yezobugcisa ukuba oku kuvunyelwene njengenjongo yeshishini.

Ukunciphisa iintlawulo zokuguqula imali zamazwe ngamazwe

Kwiinkampani ezidlulisela imali eninzi kumazwe ngamazwe, iindleko kunye nobunzima bokwenza oku zihlala zinzima. Izisombululo ezintsha ezisekelwe kwiBitcoin ziye zanikezelwa kwimarike ezinciphisa ezi ndleko kwaye zinike intlawulo ekhawulezayo nengxamisekileyo. Ukwamkela ezi nkonzo kunokuzisela ishishini izibonelelo, kwaye ukuqonda le marike, iinkonzo ezinikezelwayo kunye nokusebenza neqela le-accounting ukufaka isisombululo esingcono kufuna inqanaba lolwazi lobugcisa kunye nokuqonda onokuthi umphathi we-IT anike.

Izibonelelo zabasebenzi

Uninzi lweenkampani zijonge indlela ezinokuthi zinike izibonelelo kunye neenkuthazo kubasebenzi bazo ukuphucula ukuqesha nokugcina abasebenzi. Kutshanje, abadlali abaziwayo bebhola kunye nezopolitiko babhengeze ukuba bafumana imivuzo yabo yonke okanye inxenye kwiBitcoin. Ukukwazi ukuhlawula inxenye yomvuzo kwiBitcoin kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kumqeshi xa oku sele kuba ngumahluko ekufumaneni italente ephambili, okanye xa amalungu aphambili eqela eqala ukucela oku okanye aqale ukukhangela abaqeshi abaninika le ndlela kwenye indawo.

• Ukudibanisa ukhetho lokuhlawula umvuzo wonke okanye inxenye kwiBitcoin kunika umbutho ithuba lokhuphiswano lokuba phambili. Izisombululo zomvuzo weBitcoin zenza le nkqubo ibe lula ukuyidibanisa.
• Iinkampani ezifana neMicroStrategy zijonge iindlela zokukhuthaza ukusebenza kakuhle okanye nokuzimasa iintlanganiso ngeentlawulo ezincinci ezisekelwe kwiLightning.

Nangona isigqibo sokuphumeza ezi zibonelelo zabasebenzi singekho ngqo kumphathi we-IT, ukubonelela ngokuqonda ukuba kutheni oku kungaba luncedo, izisombululo ezikhoyo zokufezekisa oku, kunye nemiphumo yezobugcisa yokuphumeza kunokuba ngumsebenzi wakhe. Abalawuli be-IT abaphakamisa izimvo kwangaphambili koogxa babo banokubonisa ixabiso labo elibanzi kwisicwangciso seshishini.

Amathuba amatsha emarike

Njengoko isicatshulwa esivela kuGoogle sitshilo, amashishini amaninzi aza kujonga ukwakha imithombo emitsha yengeniso esekelwe kwinkqubo ekhula yeBitcoin. Oku kunokuvulela ishishini imarike ezintsha ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, apho umphathi we-IT angaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni ukufaneleka, imingeni yezobugcisa kunye namathuba anokubakho.

5.1.3 Isishwankathelo

Kulindeleke ukuba iBitcoin iqhubeke nendlela yayo yokwamkelwa, ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kumashishini ngokuhamba kwexesha, ichaphazela ishishini, izicwangciso zobugcisa kunye neenzame kwiindawo ezininzi. Njengomphathi wezobugcisa kwinkampani, umphathi we-IT uya kuxhamla ngokuba phambili kwezi ntshukumo, ebonelela ngengcebiso kwinkampani, kwaye eqinisekisa ukuba ifumana izibonelelo ezinkulu ekuphumezeni izisombululo zeBitcoin kulo lonke umbutho.

I-Bitcoin, njengemali ye-cryptocurrency esetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, yindawo ethembekileyo yokugcina ixabiso kwaye iyimpahla etyaliweyo enomtsalane enokukhula ixesha elide ngakumbi kunokugcina imali. Ukususela oko yaqalayo kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, i-Bitcoin iye yaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yezezimali yehlabathi, inezinto eziluncedo kubantu ngabanye nakwiinkampani. I-MicroStrategy ibone i-Bitcoin njengempahla etyaliweyo esemthethweni enokuthi ingcono kunemali, kwaye ngenxa yoko yenze i-Bitcoin yaba yeyona nto iphambili kwisicwangciso sayo sokugcina imali kwitrejari.
Michael Saylor

5.2.1 Intshayelelo

Nangona i-bitcoin ingekho njengemali eqhelekileyo egcinwa ngabaququzeleli be-treasury yeenkampani, ukuqonda okukhulu nge-bitcoin kunokunceda ukuchaza ukuba kutheni abaququzeleli be-treasury beenkampani ezinkulu ezidweliswe esidlangalaleni nabanye beqale ukuyamkela kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Uninzi lweempawu ze-bitcoin, ezifana nomda ophezulu wokubonelela nge-21 million tokens kunye nokunqongophala okuqinisekisiweyo kwi-blockchain kawonke-wonke, kuyenza ibe yindawo etyebileyo yokugcina ixabiso. Le nxalenye ibalulekileyo yephothifoliyo inokuba ngumkhuseli obalulekileyo ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwezikweletu zikarhulumente, ukwehla kwexabiso lemali, kunye nemingcipheko yezopolitiko. Njengoko abaququzeleli be-treasury beenkampani bejamelene nemiceli mngeni emitsha yezoqoqosho, iimpawu ezizodwa ze-bitcoin ziye zaba luncedo.

Ngokwesiko, i-treasury yeenkampani ibisoloko ilawula imali ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuyabela uninzi lwemali kwizinto ezithathwa njengezisezantsi emngciphekweni (umzekelo, iidiphozithi zebhanki, iimali zemarike yemali, amaphepha etreasury, amaphepha orhwebo, kunye nezivumelwano zokuthenga nokuthengisa). Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezingaqinisekanga zoqoqosho ezifana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, amanani enzala, kunye nemingcipheko yezopolitiko eninzi zinokubangela ukuba iinkampani ziqwalasele kwakhona ukuba ezi zicwangciso zisasebenza na. Ukwamkela i-bitcoin njengempahla yokugcina imali kwitrejari kunokunceda ukujongana nale mingeni.

5.2.2 Kutheni i-Bitcoin?

Imali yimpahla okanye iseti yeempahla abantu abanokuzisebenzisa ukuthenga iimpahla okanye iinkonzo, ukuhlawula amatyala okanye ukugcina ixabiso, ngoko ke ibandakanya enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Iyunithi yokubala: Imali isetyenziswa ukuseta ixabiso lempahla kunye neenkonzo
• Isixhobo sotshintshiselwano: Imali ingasetyenziswa ukuncedisa urhwebo lweempahla kunye neenkonzo
• Indawo yokugcina ixabiso: Ixabiso elinikezelwa ngendlela yeempahla okanye iinkonzo ezinikwe imarike yinkampani okanye ngumntu linokugcinwa ukuze lisetyenziswe kamva

Ayizizo zonke iimpahla ezimele zibonelele zonke ezi mpawu zintathu – umzekelo, ubugcisa obuxabisekileyo okanye ipropathi ebizayo ingaba yindawo yokugcina ixabiso, kodwa ayinakutshintshiselwa lula kwimarike.

I-Bitcoin iyaguquka ukuze ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke ezi misebenzi zintathu, kodwa kugxilwe apha kwindlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo njengendawo yokugcina ixabiso kwitrejari yenkampani, nokuba inkulu okanye incinci. Iphumelele kakhulu kule misebenzi ukusukela oko yaqalayo, kwaye oku ngoku kukhokelela ekwamkelweni kwayo njengempahla yetrejari kubantu ngabanye, iinkampani kwanamazwe, njengoko icatshulwe ngasentla.

• Amazwe afana ne-El Salvador ne-Bhutan sele ethenga okanye emba i-Bitcoin ixesha elithile kwaye eyongeza kwiindawo zawo zokugcina imali, kodwa ingcamango yokuba ilizwe linendawo yokugcina i-Bitcoin yafumana udumo lwehlabathi lonke xa umgqatswa wobongameli wase-US wabhengeza isicwangciso sokudala indawo yesizwe yokugcina i-Bitcoin.
• Iinkampani nazo ziye zaqala ukudala iindawo zazo zokugcina i-bitcoin ukusukela ngo-2020 xa zombini i-Square kunye ne-MicroStrategy zabhengeza izicwangciso zazo zokwenza njalo, kwaye iinkampani ezincinci zilandele umkhondo wazo.

Saziva ngathi sikwi-€500M eqala ukunyibilika, xa inzala yokwenyani kwitrejari yethu yehle yaya ngaphezulu kwe -10%, saqonda ukuba yonke into esiyenzayo kwi-P&L ayibalulekanga.
Michael Saylor

Ukwenza i-treasury ye-Bitcoin kusombulule ingxaki eyayijamelene ne-MicroStrategy kwaye kuye kwanceda ukonyusa ixabiso kubanini zabelo ukusukela oko baqalisa esi sicwangciso ngo-2020. Le ndlela inokuvelisa izibonelelo ezifanayo kwiinkampani ezinkulu nezincinci naphi na emhlabeni.

Kutheni iinkampani kwanamazwe zinokuxhamla kwi-treasury ye-Bitcoin? Imali ese-bhankini, ethi yehle ixabiso ngenxa yokwenziwa kwemali, ayizange ibe yindawo elungileyo yokugcina ixabiso. Iinkampani ziye zanyanzelwa ukuba zisebenzise loo mali ukufumana ukukhula ngokuthenga ezinye iinkampani, okanye ukuyibuyisela kubanini zabelo ngendlela yokuthenga izabelo kwakhona.

Iinkampani, oorhulumente kunye nabantu ngabanye abakwazi ukugcina ixabiso ngemali ye-fiat, nto leyo ebabangela ukuba bakhangele ezinye iindlela, ezifana namabhondi, ipropathi okanye iimpahla ezinzima. Ayizizo zonke ezi zinokongezwa lula kwitrejari.

I-Bitcoin imele isisombululo kunqongophala lwedijithali kwaye ikwimeko yokutsala ixabiso lemali kwezinye iimpahla ezifana nezi. Oku kuye kwanceda ukuba ibe yeyona mpahla iphumelele kakhulu ukusukela oko yaqalayo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokudlula ezinye iimpahla kwixesha elizayo.

Ngokufika kwemithetho emitsha ye-accounting, wonke umntu onoxanduva lokulawula imali ngoku unoxanduva lokuqonda i-bitcoin, ukubona ukuba inendawo na kwitrejari, kunye nokuqonda imingcipheko yokuyamkela okanye ukungayamkeli kwishishini.

5.2.3 Iinkampani neMibutho Esele Iyamkela i-Bitcoin

Bitcointreasuries igcina uluhlu lwabo bonke abaziwayo abakhulu abanikazi be-Bitcoin kubandakanya iinkampani zabucala nezikarhulumente, ooRhulumente kunye neefandesi zotyalo-mali.

Njengoko umfanekiso ubonisa, zininzi iinkampani ezamkele i-Bitcoin, hayi ngaso sonke ixesha njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sabo setrejari. Ngaphandle kwe-MicroStrategy ne-Tesla, abanikazi abakhulu be-Bitcoin bebekwiinkampani ezisebenza kushishino lwe-Bitcoin ngoko oku bekulindelekile. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ingcamango kunye neenzuzo ziye zaqondwa ngcono, iinkampani ezingaphandle kwehlabathi le-Bitcoin nazo ziye zaqala ukuyamkela.

Square

Ngomhla we-7 ku-Okthobha, 2020, i-Square, Inc. yathenga malunga ne-4,709 bitcoins ngexabiso elipheleleyo le-€50 million. I-Square ibiyinkokeli kwishishini le-bitcoin ukusukela ngo-2018 nge-Cash App yethu, enika abathengi ithuba lokuthenga nokuthengisa i-bitcoin. Njengabakholelwa ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwe-bitcoin kwixesha elizayo, inkampani yaseka i-Square Crypto, iqela elizimeleyo eligxile kuphela ekunikeni igalelo kumsebenzi we-bitcoin open-source ukuze kuxhamle wonke umntu. I-Square ikwazise i-Cryptocurrency Open Patent Alliance (COPA), umbutho ongenzi nzuzo okhuthaza ukusungulwa kwe-crypto, uvula ukufikelela kwizinto ezilungiselelwe i-crypto, kwaye unceda iinkampani kunye nabantu abazikhusela kubahlaseli be-patent.

Elon Musk - Tesla kunye ne-Space X

Uhambo lwe-Tesla kwi-Bitcoin lwaqala ngoFebruwari 2021 xa inkampani yatyalomali i-€1.5 billion. Inkampani yathi ukuthengwa kwe-bitcoin kwakukukunceda ukwahlula-hlula ngakumbi kunye nokwandisa ingeniso yemali yayo. I-Tesla yathi iya kuqalisa ukwamkela iintlawulo nge-Bitcoin xa kuthengwa iimveliso zayo, ngokuhambelana nemithetho esebenzayo. U-Elon Musk naye wabhengeza ukuba i-SpaceX inayo i-Bitcoin ngo-2021 kwi “The B Word” inkomfa ye-intanethi.Ndine-Bitcoin, i-Tesla ine-Bitcoin, i-SpaceX ine-Bitcoin,” watsho uMusk.

Uhlalutyo lwamva nje lwe-on-chain lubonise ukuba ukusukela kwi-Q4 2024, iimpahla ezidityanisiweyo zezi nkampani ziyi-19,788 Bitcoin.

Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-2024, abanini zabelo bezinye iinkampani ezinkulu ezifana ne-Microsoft ne-Amazon baqala ukuqwalasela izindululo ze-treasury ye-Bitcoin, ngoko ke umkhwa uyakhula.

Tahini’s

Omnye wabanini be-Tahini’s, ikhonkco leevenkile zokutyela ezizinze eKhanada, wayesele enomdla omkhulu kwi-Bitcoin xa i-MicroStrategy yabhengeza izicwangciso zayo ze-Bitcoin Treasury kwaye inkampani yagqiba ekubeni ilandele, yafaka yonke imali engabalulekanga (imali yokusebenza yeenyanga ezi-6) kwi-Bitcoin. Iye yagcina kwaye yaqhubeka nokongeza kwi-treasury yayo ngexesha le-peak ka-2021 nasekwehleni kwexabiso, icacisa ukuba nawuphi na umshishino ofuna ukusebenzisa le ndlela kufuneka uthathe umbono weminyaka emine ubuncinane.

Kwi minyaka emine ukusukela oko baqalisa le ndlela, ikhonkco liye ladlula uninzi lwe-Wall Street ngokubhekiselele kwingeniso. Ngokufaka ii-ATM ze-Bitcoin kunye nokuqhuba ii-Meetup ze-Bitcoin, ishishini likwazile ukwakha abalandeli abathembekileyo be-Bitcoin.

Ingxaki enkulu esinayo ngoku kukuba ii-euro ziyancipha ixabiso. Iibhanki eziphakathi zithi ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kungu-5% kuphela. Kodwa oko kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinto ofuna ukuyithenga. Inyama yenkukhu inyuke ngo-45%, inyama yenkomo ngo-25%, iimpahla ezingeniswe ngaphandle kunye neziqholo ngo-65%, iioyile ngo-110%, ukusukela ngoMatshi 2020, xa ubhubhane wawukhula. Ngoko kwaba yinto enengqiqo ukufaka imali yethu kwi-bitcoin kwaye oko kuya kudlula naliphi na inqanaba lokunyuka kwamaxabiso esiza kulibona kule minyaka ilandelayo.
Umnini weTahini

Ukwamkelwa kwamazwe

Njengoko umfanekiso ubonisa, amazwe ngoku agcina i-Bitcoin, rhoqo ngenxa yokuthathwa kweempahla, iindlela ezifihlakeleyo ezifana nokumba okanye ngeefandesi zempahla yesizwe, kwaye kwimeko ye-El Salvador njengomgaqo-nkqubo ocacileyo.

El Salvador

Ngo-2019, iqela labaxhasi be-cryptocurrency kunye namalungu oluntu asekuhlaleni kwidolophana encinci eselunxwemeni i-El Zonte, e-El Salvador, baqalisa ukwenza uqoqosho oluphumelelayo olusekwe kwi-Bitcoin kuluntu lwabo. Ngokufundisa abahlali ngezibonelelo ze-Bitcoin, ukubonelela ngezixhobo ezifunekayo kunye nezixhobo zokuyamkela, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, iprojekthi ye-Bitcoin Beach yakhula ngokukhawuleza, yaguqula i-El Zonte yaba yindawo ephilayo ye-Bitcoin.

Impumelelo ye-Bitcoin Beach yatsala umdla kukamongameli wase-El Salvador, uNayib Bukele, owabona amandla okutshintsha kwe-cryptocurrency ekusombululeni ezinye zeengxaki ezinzima zoqoqosho nezentlalo kweli lizwe. Ephefumlelwe le projekthi isuka ezantsi, uBukele waqala ukukhangela iindlela apho urhulumente wase-El Salvador angamkela kwaye akhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwe-Bitcoin kwilizwe lonke.

NgoJuni 2021, uBukele wenza isibhengezo esikhulu sokuba i-El Salvador iza kuba lilizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukwamkela i-Bitcoin njengemali esemthethweni, kunye nedola yase-US.

Oku akuzange kunike kuphela abantu base-El Salvador isixhobo esitsha, esiyintsusa kwezezimali kodwa kwenze ilizwe laba yindawo ephambili yehlabathi yokwamkelwa kunye nokuqanjwa kwe-cryptocurrency.

Kutsha nje, uBukele uye wadibana noJavier Milei wase-Argentina ukuxoxa ngentsebenziswano kulo lonke elaseLatin America kuphuhliso lweempahla zedijithali. Ilizwe sele lithenga i-bitcoin enye ngosuku ukusukela oko lamkela i-bitcoin njengempahla yokugcina imali kunye nemali esemthethweni, utyalo-mali oluye lwaba nenzuzo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

United States of America

Kwi-Q3 2024, urhulumente kaTrump wenza isibhengezo esikhulu eNashville, ebhengeza izicwangciso zokwabela inxalenye yeendawo zokugcina imali ze-US Treasury kwi-Bitcoin. Le nyathelo yayijolise ekwahluleni iimpahla zesizwe kunye nokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezibonwayo zeempahla zedijithali. Emva kophumelela iphulo lakhe lokhetho, indawo yesizwe ye-Bitcoin kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngumgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wase-US.

Amazwe amaninzi aseMelika abhengeze izicwangciso ezifanayo zokudala iindawo zokugcina iBitcoin, nto leyo enokwenzeka ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kwenjongo echaziweyo yokuba ibe yindawo yokugcina ye-USA njengelizwe.

Bhutani

IBhutani ngumzekelo welizwe elisebenzisa ugodi-mali ukwenza iBitcoin ngqo.

Uhambo lweBhutani ekugodeni iBitcoin lwaqala ngo-Epreli 2019, xa imali ye-cryptocurrency yayixabisa malunga ne-$5,000. Ingalo yotyalo-mali karhulumente, iDruk Holding & Investments, yaqinisekisa kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni iThe Bhutanese ukuba "ingene kwindawo yogodi-mali" ngelo xesha.

Ubukumkani baseBhutani basebenzise izixhobo zalo ezininzi zamandla ombane avela emanzini ukuxhasa imisebenzi yogodi-mali.

La mandla acocekileyo amaninzi avumela iBhutani ukuba ixhase imisebenzi yogodi-mali yeBitcoin emikhulu ngelixa igcina ukuzibophelela kwayo ekukhuseleni indalo.

Isigqibo seBhutani sokungena kwimarike ye-cryptocurrency sakhuthazwa yimfuneko yezoqoqosho. Ilizwe lajamelana nokwehla kwemali engenayo evela kubakhenkethi kwaye lafuna ukwandisa imithombo yengeniso. Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, olwaluchaphazele kakhulu ingeniso yeBhutani ye-$88.6 yezigidi ngonyaka evela kubakhenkethi, lwaqinisekisa ngakumbi esi sicwangciso.

Ukusukela nge-16 Septemba 2024, iBhutani inemali yeBitcoin efikelela kwi-$750 yezigidi, iyenza ibe sesikweni sesine ngobukhulu phakathi korhulumente abaninzi kwiqonga le-Arkham. Oku kubeka iBhutani njengomdlali obalulekileyo kwimarike yehlabathi ye-cryptocurrency, ngakumbi xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo inani labemi elingaphantsi kwe-800,000.

Ukugcina iBitcoin kunye nemisebenzi yogodi-mali imele umthombo omtsha wengeniso, onokunciphisa ukwehla kwemali engenayo evela kubakhenkethi kwaye ujongane nengxaki yokungalingani kurhwebo lwelizwe. Urhulumente ucinga ukusebenzisa iBitcoin ukuxhasa ukunyuswa kwemivuzo kwicandelo likarhulumente, nto leyo ebonisa ukubaluleka kwayo kwezemali zelizwe.

Ukungena kweBhutani kugodi-mali yeBitcoin kunye notyalo-mali kwi-cryptocurrency kunika izifundo ezixabisekileyo kwamanye amazwe amancinci.

Umthombo: Arkham

Iinkampani Zogodi-mali yeBitcoin

Iinkampani zogodi-mali yeBitcoin, njengazo zonke iinkampani, zineendleko ekufuneka zihlawule, ezifana na:

• Iindleko zotyalo-mali kunye nentlawulo yezixhobo zogodi-mali
• Izakhiwo
• Iindleko zamandla ombane
• Ugcino
• Iindleko zangaphakathi (iintlawulo zabasebenzi njl.)

Nangona bengathanda ukugcina iBitcoin njenge-asethi, kuba iyona ndlela ephambili yokufumana ingeniso kwinkampani, bahlala bethengisa inxenye okanye yonke iBitcoin abayigodileyo.

Indlela entsha eqhutywa yiMicroStrategy yokungena kwimarike yetyala ukufumana imali yokuthenga iBitcoin ngqo ivula isicwangciso esitsha nakwezinye iinkampani zogodi-mali yeBitcoin ezisesidlangalaleni ukuba zenze okufanayo. Ngokwenza oku, banokuthi 'bathenge kwangaphambili' iminyaka yeBitcoin abayigodileyo ngokukhupha ityala kwimarike kwaye bathenge iBitcoin ngexabiso langoku ukuze bayongeze kwibhala yesicwangciso-mali. Njengoko iBitcoin isiya ithambekele kwimirhumo yokuthengiselana njengoko imivuzo yogodi-mali incipha kwiimijikelo ezizayo, le ndlela ivula umceli-mngeni omtsha kunye namathuba kwiinkampani zogodi-mali ukuba zongeze iBitcoin ngexabiso langoku baze bahlawule iindleko zabo ngemirhumo yokuthengiselana kwixesha elizayo. Ukufikelela kule marike kunokubeka iinkampani zogodi-mali ezisesidlangalaleni kwindawo engcono kunezo zikwimfihlo. Ukuqonda izibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye neziphumo zale ndlela kufuna ukuqonda iBitcoin kunye neshishini lemali yemveli.

Izizathu zokwamkelwa

Izizathu zokwamkelwa kweBitcoin njenge-asethi yokugcina imali yeTreasury zingasishwankathelwa ngolu hlobo:

Amazwe

• Amazwe angasebenzisa izixhobo zendalo, ezifana namandla ombane avela emanzini, kwiitekhnoloji ezisakhulayo, anike amandla asekuhlaleni kwaye agode iBitcoin
• Kukho amathuba okwahlula-hlula uqoqosho, kuncitshiswe ukuxhomekeka kumacandelo emveli afana nokhenketho.
• Oku kunokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa imodeli yokufumana ngokuzolileyo ngaphandle kokutsala ingqalelo engadingekiyo (njengoko iBitcoin igodwa ngqo endaweni yokusebenzisa i-Exchange)

Amashishini

• Ukwahlula-hlula iiasethi: Iasethi enye yokunciphisa umngcipheko kwiTreasury
• Ukuzikhusela kukunyuka kwamaxabiso: Iinkampani ezamkele iBitcoin zibonile ukuba iindawo zabo zokugcina imali zidlule kumaxabiso okunyuka asemthethweni nangasemthethweni
• Njengenxalenye yesicwangciso esibanzi seBitcoin, ukufumana ukuqonda iBitcoin njenge-asethi, ukwakha uluntu nokunceda abanye bafumane izibonelelo ezifanayo.

5.2.4 Imicimbi yoLawulo kunye noThotyelo-mthetho

Imeko yoMthetho weHlabathi

Iziganeko ezininzi zomthetho kwihlabathi jikelele malunga nee-asethi zedijithali zinike abatyali-mali ukuzithemba okukhulu kwiBitcoin njengotyalo-mali. Ngokwanda kwedatha yemarike kunye nembali yamaxabiso, imithetho enobuhlobo nee-asethi zedijithali efana ne-European Union's (E.U.) Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) legal framework, kunye nemvume ye-U.S. SEC ye-spot bitcoin exchange-traded product ngoJanuwari 2024 zinike abatyali-mali kunye neenkampani ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokucaca abebekufuna.

Ukugcina iBitcoin njenge-asethi yeTreasury kuneziphumo ezahlukeneyo zerhafu kuxhomekeke kwilizwe apho inkampani ise khona. Nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezichaneke ngexesha lokubhala kodwa zinokutshintsha:

Unyango lweAccounting

• IFRS (Yamazwe ngamazwe)
  • I-Bitcoin nayo kufuneka ithathwe njenge-asethi engabonakaliyo, nangona amanye amazwe evumela ukuba ithathwe njenge-inventri ukuba inkampani igcina iBitcoin ngenjongo yokurhweba.
• Utshintsho kwiMithetho yeFASB yeAccounting
  • NgoDisemba 2023, iBhodi yeMigangatho yeAccounting yezeMali (FASB) yahlaziya imigaqo yayo malunga nendlela iinkampani ekufuneka zibala ngayo kwaye zixele iBitcoin nezinye ii-asethi zedijithali kwiibhala zazo zemali phantsi kwe-USGAAP. Le mithetho intsha inceda iinkampani ezigcina iBitcoin ngokubavumela ukuba basebenzise i-fair value accounting, ekugqibeleni ivumela iinkampani ukuba zonyuse ixabiso le-asethi ngokwemarike. Ngaphambili, phantsi kwe-US GAAP, iinkampani zazivumelekile kuphela ukwehlisa ixabiso leendawo zabo ze-asethi zedijithali. Imigaqo emitsha inokuveza imeko yemali yenkampani kunye nempilo yezezimali ngokubonisa ixabiso leBitcoin elichanileyo eligcinwayo.

Irhafu kwiNzuzo kunye nokuLahleka

• Irhafu kwiNzuzo yeNtloko:
  • Kumazwe amaninzi, inzuzo evela ekuthengiseni iBitcoin ithathwa njenge nzuzo yentloko.
  • Ixesha elifutshane vs. Ixesha elide: Ukuba igcinwe ixesha elingaphantsi kwexesha elithile (umz., unyaka e-US), inzuzo irhafiswa njenge nzuzo yentloko yexesha elifutshane, rhoqo ngexabiso eliphezulu kuneleyo yexesha elide.
• Ukuncitshiswa kokuLahleka:
  • Ilahleko evela kwiBitcoin inokuba yancitshiswa kwezinye iinzuzo zentloko, kuxhomekeke kwilizwe.

Iziphumo zerhafu yeNkampani

• Iinzuzo kunye nokuLahleka okuqinisekisiweyo:
  • Iinzuzo zirhafiswa njengenxalenye yengeniso yerhafu yenkampani xa kuthengiswa okanye kutshintshiselwana.
  • Ilahleko zokungasebenzi kakuhle zihlala zingavumelekanga njengemali ekhutshelwayo kwirhafu.
• I-VAT/GST:
  • Iintengiselwano zeBitcoin zinokubekwa phantsi kweVAT/GST xa zisetyenziswa ukuthenga, kuxhomekeke kummandla wolawulo.
• Ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho yokulwa imali engeniswe ngokungekho mthethweni (AML) kunye nokwazi umthengi wakho (KYC) nako kunokuba yimfuneko.
  • I-AML ibhekisa kwiqela lemithetho, imigaqo, kunye neenkqubo ezilungiselelwe ukuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho ekufihleni imali efunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni njengengeniso esemthethweni.
  • I-KYC yinxalenye ye-AML egxile ngokukodwa ekuqinisekiseni nasekuqondeni isazisi sabathengi ukuthintela ubuqhophololo kunye nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni.

Iimfuno Zokuxela

• Imimandla emininzi ifuna ingxelo eneenkcukacha malunga neentengiselwano ze-cryptocurrency, kubandakanya ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, kunye nokugcina.
• EMelika, iinkampani kufuneka zixele ngeBitcoin eziphethwe kwi-IRS kwaye zithobele imigaqo enxulumene noko.

Ngokudibanisa iinkqubo ezomeleleyo ze-AML kunye ne-KYC, imibutho inokuzikhusela kulwaphulo-mthetho lwezezimali, igcine ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo, kwaye igcine igama layo.

Imisebenzi yeMivuzo kunye neMali yeNkampani

• Ukuba iBitcoin isetyenziswa ukuhlawula abasebenzi okanye abathengisi, la maholo abalwa njengerhafu ngemali eqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lentengiso ngexesha lokuhlawula.
• Ukuguquguquka kweBitcoin kungachaphazela ibhalansi yeenkampani kunye nezibophelelo zerhafu.

Izinto Ezikhethekileyo Ezingqalwayo

• Unyango Lwerhafu lweMivuzo yeMining:
  • Ukuba iBitcoin ifunyenwe ngokumba (mining), ixabiso leemali ngexesha lokufunyanwa libalwa njengengeniso eqhelekileyo kumimandla emininzi.
• Ukubekwa okanye Ukufumana Inzala:
  • Imivuzo efunyenwe ngokubekwa okanye inzala kwiBitcoin egcinwe nayo inokubalwa njengerhafu yengeniso eqhelekileyo.

Imeko yemithetho enxulumene neBitcoin ihlala itshintsha kwaye iyahluka phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo. Nawuphi na amashishini acinga ukongeza iBitcoin kwiimali zawo kufuneka ahlale ehlaziya kwaye athobele imigaqo enxulumene nelizwe abasebenza kulo.

Iingcebiso

• Qhagamshelana noMcebisi weRhafu:
  • Ngenxa yobunzima kunye notshintsho oluqhelekileyo kwimigaqo ye-cryptocurrency, kubalulekile ukusebenza nomcebisi werhafu owaziyo imithetho ye-crypto yasekhaya neyelizwe jikelele.
• Gcina Iirekhodi Ezinzulu:
  • Gcina iirekhodi zazo zonke iintengiselwano zeBitcoin, kubandakanya ixabiso lokuthenga, ixabiso lokuthengisa, imihla, kunye nexabiso lentengiso ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Hlukanisa Ubutyebi:
  • Cinga ngokwahlula iiasethi zemali yeNkampani ukunciphisa umngcipheko onxulumene nokuguquguquka kweBitcoin kunye neziphumo zerhafu.

5.2.5 Iziphumo zoQoqosho nezeMali

Zithini iiasethi zeNkampani?

Iiasethi zeNkampani zizinto ezigcinwa njengemali egcinwe ngurhulumente okanye ishishini. Ezi asethi zihlala zibandakanya imali egcinwe, igolide kunye namaphepha-mali. Iiasethi zeNkampani zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimigangatho eziphambili. Nazi iimigangatho kunye nendlela iBitcoin esebenza ngayo ngoku ngokweemigangatho.

• Ulwelo:Ulwelo lithetha amandla okuguqula isixhobo sibe yimali ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kakhulu. Okukhona ulwelo lukhulu, kokukhona impilo yesixhobo ingcono. IBitcoin yenye yezona digital assets zine-ulwelo oluphezulu kwihlabathi, kunye neetriliyoni kwivolumu yokurhweba ngonyaka. INkampani ingathengisa iBitcoin ngokukhawuleza, nangona iintengiselwano ezinkulu zinokuchaphazela amaxabiso emarike.
• Ukhuseleko: Iiasethi kufuneka zibe nomngcipheko omncinane wokungahlawuli okanye wokuncipha kwexabiso. Iiasethi ezinomngcipheko ophezulu wokungahlawuli okanye ezichaphazelekayo kwiimarike eziguquguqukayo azilungelanga. IBitcoin ayilawulwa kwaye ayinakuthintelwa, inika ukhuseleko xa kukho ingxaki yezopolitiko okanye yezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, imingcipheko ibandakanya uhlaselo lwe-cyber kunye nesidingo sokhuseleko olomeleleyo lokugcina.
• Uzolile: Iiasethi zeNkampani akufuneki zibonise ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwixabiso lazo. Inqanaba lokuguquguquka kweBitcoin ngoku lihlala liyeyona ngxaki inkulu.
• Inzuzo: Nangona ukhuseleko lubalulekile, ukufumana ingeniso encinci kunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kweshishini. Ngokungafaniyo neasethi zemali yeNkampani zemveli, iBitcoin ayivelisi inzala. Kodwa ukunyuka kwexabiso layo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo kuyenza ibe lukhetho olomeleleyo lokufumana inzuzo, igqitha iiasethi zemveli.

Singashwankathela izibonelelo kunye nemingcipheko yale ndlela ngolu hlobo:

• Izibonelelo:
  • Ukhuseleko kwi-Inflation.
  • Ukwandiswa kokwahluka kweasethi.
  • Ukonyuka kwexabiso kwixesha elide.
• Imingcipheko:
  • Ukuguquguquka kunye nefuthe lalo kuzinzo lwezezimali.
  • Izoyikiso zokhuseleko lwe-cyber kwiimpahla zedijithali eziphethwe.
  • Ukuxhomekeka kwindlela yokuziphatha kwemarike yeBitcoin enobungozi bokurhweba.

5.2.6 Iimiba Zokusebenza

Ulawulo lokusebenza kweBitcoin egcinwe njengesixhobo sokugcina imali yenkampani yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ezinye zezi ziquka apho iikhoyini zigcinwa khona, ngubani ovumelekileyo ukufikelela kuzo kunye nendlela yokuvunywa kweentengiselwano.

Izisombululo Zokugcinwa Kweempahla

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo yindlela yokugcina, kunye nohlobo lweewallets ezisetyenziswa, kunye ukuba ezi ziiwallets 'zishushu' okanye 'zibandayo'. Kwiinkampani ezinamava kwezobuchwepheshe, isisombululo sokugcina esisebenzisa iMulti-Sig (iityikityo ezininzi) sinokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwenkampani, kodwa iinkampani ezininzi ziya kukhetha ukusebenzisa ababoneleli bokugcinwa kwempahla abaziingcali.

URiver unikezela ngesinye isisombululo kwaye unikezela ngesi sikhokelo kwiindlela ezikhoyo:

1. Ugcinwa Kweempahla LwamaShishini:Iishishini ezininzi kunye nabatyali-mali abakhulu bakhetha ukunikela ugcino lweempahla kubantu besithathu. Iinkampani ezininzi ezaziwayo zibonelela ngeenkonzo zokugcina i-bitcoin ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kuquka neRiver, esebenzisa imodeli yokugcina i-100% epheleleyo. Nangona ukunikela ugcino lwe-bitcoin kumthengisi wesithathu kuyindlela ekhuselekileyo neqinisekisiweyo, kuza nengxaki yokuba nomntu wesithathu.
2. Ukuzigcinela Ngokwakho:Oku kuthetha ukuba ishishini lakho linoxanduva lokulawula izitshixo zoluntu/ezabucala ezinxulumene ne-bitcoin yalo. Ukuziva ukhululekile kulawulo lwezitshixo kubalulekile kwiBitcoin, kuba nabani na olawula izitshixo zakho, ekugqibeleni ulawula i-bitcoin yakho. Iishishini ezinamava kwezobuchwepheshe zingakhetha ukuzigcinela i-bitcoin yazo. Umngcipheko omkhulu wokuzigcinela kukulahlekelwa zizitshixo, nto leyo enokubangela ilahleko engapheliyo ye-bitcoin. Ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko, amashishini angasebenzisa amacebo afana nokuseta i-multi-signature kunye ne-multi-party computation (MPC) ukwabelana ngobunini bezitshixo kunye nokuphelisa indawo enye yokusilela.
3. Ugcinwa Ngokubambisana:Izicwangciso zokugcina ezisebenzisa i-multi-signature zivumela ukwabelana ngobunini bezitshixo phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Kwiqela lokugcina ngokubambisana, ishishini ligcina ubunini bezitshixo ezininzi kwicwangciso le-multisignature ngelixa linikela ezinye izitshixo kumntu wesithathu. Abaninzi ababoneleli bokugcina abaziingcali banikezela ngeenkonzo zokugcina ngokubambisana, nto leyo enciphisa imingcipheko ekhoyo kwiindlela zokugcina ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuzigcinela. Nangona inezibonelelo, izicwangciso zokugcina ngokubambisana zinzima, zifuna ulwazi oluphezulu lobuchwepheshe kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabanini-mdla.
4. Iimali Ezithengiswa Kwiimarike (ETFs):I-ETFs zeBitcoin zinika amashishini ithuba lokulandela ixabiso le-bitcoin ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuyithenga okanye ukuyigcina ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona i-ETFs zinokuba yindlela enezindleko eziphantsi, zisa umngcipheko womntu wesithathu, ziza neendleko zolawulo, kwaye azivumeli amashishini ukuba aguqule iimpahla zawo zibe yi-bitcoin yokwenene ngaphandle kokuhlawula iindleko zorhwebo kunye nokubangela umcimbi werhafu.

Kwishishini elisanda kuqala ukusebenzisa i-bitcoin njengesixhobo sokugcina imali, indlela ekhuselekileyo nelula kukugcina i-bitcoin nomthengisi wesithathu. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengoko ukuqonda kwakho ngeBitcoin kukhula kunye nobungakanani beempahla zakho ze-bitcoin bukhula, kungafanelekile ukujonga iindlela ezifana nokuzigcinela okanye ugcino ngokubambisana.

Omnye umzekelo yindlela esetyenziswa yiSquare:

Ugcinwa kweempahla

Njengenxalenye yokuqaliswa kweCash App ekubeni abathengi bakwazi ukuthenga nokuthengisa i-bitcoin, satyala imali eninzi ekwakheni iziseko zethu ze-cryptocurrency ukukhusela imali yabathengi bethu. I-cryptocurrencies ezifana ne-bitcoin zifuna izitshixo zabucala ukufikelela nokuhambisa imali, kwaye ukukhusela ezi zitshixo kubalulekile kuba iintengiselwano azinakubuyiselwa. Ukusukela oko saqalisa inkxaso ye-bitcoin, siphuhlise indlela eqinileyo yokugcina i-bitcoin ebanda kakhulu, kwaye siyavuma ukubaluleka kokwabelana ngomsebenzi wethu noluntu. Ngenxa yoko, sikhuphe uxwebhu, ikhowudi, kunye nezixhobo ze-'Subzero', isisombululo sethu esixhaswe yiHardware Security Module sokukhusela iimpahla ze-bitcoin. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ababoneleli abaninzi besithathu abakhoyo kwabo bafuna ukunikela ugcino lweempahla.

Inshurensi

Nangona olu tyalo-mali lugcinwa kwindawo ebanda kakhulu, ukuze sikhusele ngakumbi iimpahla zethu ze-bitcoin iSquare inepolisi ye-inshurensi yeCrime ukukhusela ekubeni i-bitcoin ibe yebiwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, nokuba igcinwe kwi-wallet eshushu okanye ebanda kakhulu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-inshurensi ezikhoyo ukukhusela ilahleko ye-cryptocurrency kuxhomekeke ekubeni iimpahla zigcinwa kwi-wallet eshushu okanye ebanda kakhulu. Iinkqubo zeCrime zigubungela ubugebenga okanye ilahleko yedijithali yeempahla ezibonakalayo kwi-wallet eshushu okanye ebanda kakhulu, ngelixa iinkqubo zeSpecie zigubungela kuphela ilahleko yeempahla ezigcinwe ebanda kakhulu kwiindawo ezichaziweyo kwaye zinokungagubungeli zonke iimeko zobusela bangaphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuvavanya apho iimpahla zedijithali zigcinwa khona kunye nenqanaba lenkxaso ye-inshurensi enikezelwayo phambi kokukhetha umgcini-impahla.

Kukho nezinye iinkampani ezininzi ezinikezela ngeenkonzo ezifanayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Nayiphi na inkampani efuna ukwenza iBitcoin ibe yindawo yokugcina imali kufuneka yenze uhlalutyo oluyimfuneko ukuze igqibe ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuyo kunye nokuba zeziphi iinketho ezikhoyo kwimarike apho isebenza khona.

Imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwaye ixoxwe nayo nayiphi na inkampani enokubonelela ngesisombululo sokugcina iimpahla zedijithali ziquka:

Ishishini

Imbali yenkampani

• Impilo-mali yenkampani
• Itheni inkampani yasekwa
• Imvelaphi yabaququzeleli benkampani
• Ngaba zikhona izalathiso ezikhoyo

Ukhuseleko

• Izatifikethi zeshishini
• Inkqubo yangaphakathi yolawulo lokufikelela
• Iindlela zolawulo lwezitshixo ezibandakanya i-multi-signature
• Iinkqubo zokufumanisa kunye nokuthintela izoyikiso
• Nayiphi na imbali yeziganeko zokhuseleko kunye neziphumo - zithini iinkqubo ezichaziweyo zokufumanisa, ukuthintela kunye nokubuyisela kwiziganeko zokhuseleko

Abasebenzi

• Ubungcali babasebenzi kwiBitcoin
• Uqeqesho lwangaphakathi kwiindlela ezilungileyo kunye neenkqubo

Impumelelo yomthengi

• Yeyiphi inqanaba lobuchule elilindelekileyo kumthengi
• Nayiphi na uqeqesho olukhoyo
• Inkqubo yokwamkela abatsha
• Inkqubo yokuphuma - ukudluliselwa ngokulula kwisombululo esinye

Ulawulo lweenkqubo

• Iindlela zolawulo lwenkonzo eqhubekayo kunye nokufumaneka kwayo
• Ulawulo lwemisebenzi kunye neemvume
• Ulawulo lwezitshixo
• Amanqanaba enkxaso yezobugcisa ekhoyo

EzeMali

• Iindleko zokuqala zokwamkelwa
• Iindlela zokuhlawula imali yokugcinwa
• Ulwakhiwo lwamaxabiso ngokubanzi

Uqilima oluqhubekayo

• Zeziphi izinto ezintsha ezisele zisiwe kwimarike ukuza kuthi ga ngoku
• Zeziphi izicwangciso zazo naziphi na iinkonzo okanye iimveliso ezintsha ezizayo

5.2.7  Izinto ezichaphazela uPhumezo

Njengazo naziphi na izisombululo ezintsha ezijongwayo ukuba zamkelwe, kufuneka kwenziwe isigqibo sokuba oku kungafezekiswa njani ngendlela efanelekileyo. Enye indlela kukumisela ubaluleko bobuchwepheshe okanye inkonzo kwishishini ngokuthelekisa namathuba okusebenzisa njengomehluko wokhuphiswano. Oku kunganceda ukumisela izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ekufuneka kutyaliwe kuyo.

• Izisombululo ezibalulekileyo kwishishini kufuneka zihlale zisebenza, kwaye izixhobo zangaphakathi kufuneka zinikwe umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwenkonzo. Ukuhlawula abasebenzi bakho kubalulekile, kodwa ayisosinto onokuyithengisa njengomehluko wokhuphiswano. Unokugqiba ekubeni uyinike omnye lo msebenzi kodwa ubeke imigangatho engqongqo yokufumaneka kunye nokusebenza, okanye usebenzise inkqubo yangaphakathi yokuhlawula abasebenzi kwi-IT yangaphakathi eyenzelwe ukusebenza rhoqo.
• Kwangokunjalo, iiasethi zemali zemveli kufuneka zilawulwe, zibalwe kwiingxelo zezezimali kwaye ngethemba zixhase ukuqhubeka kweshishini ngokugcina okanye nokunyusa ixabiso lazo ngokutyala imali ngobulumko.

IBitcoin idala ithuba lokusebenzisa i-treasury ukwenza umehluko wokhuphiswano. Sisekuqaleni kokwamkelwa, kodwa iinkampani ezisebenzise le ndlela sele zibone ukonyuka kwexabiso lazo kwaye oku kubeka inkampani kwindawo yezemali ekhuselekileyo njengoko ixabiso leBitcoin eliphethwe linyuka. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngesisombululo seCustodial ngasentla, kukho imingeni yezobuchwepheshe kunye neyolawulo ezidalwa kukwamkelwa kweBitcoin kwi-treasury. Ukusebenzisa isisombululo seCustodial kungaba sisigqibo esifanelekileyo, kodwa uphando olunzulu ngexesha lokukhetha luya kuba luyimfuneko.

5.2.8 Imingeni kunye nokuCinga

Xa ucinga indlela oza kuyithatha xa ucinga iBitcoin kwi-treasury, omnye umngeni kukuyiqinisekisa abanye babanini-mthetho ngezibonelelo zokusebenzisa le ndlela. Bangaba beve ezinye zeengxoxo ezichasene neBitcoin baze baveze inkxalabo ezimele ziphendulwe. Ezi zihlala ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

• Ukuthengisa ngokulindelekileyo: IBitcoin ayinaxabiso elingaphakathi kwaye ithathwa njengemali yokurhweba ngokulindelekileyo.
• Inobungozi okanye yinkohliso: Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokuhlamba imali kunye nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni.
• Iyachitha: Isebenzisa amandla amaninzi kwaye iteknoloji endala.

Ukuphumelela, kungafuneka uqonde ezi nkxalabo kunye nendlela yokuzinciphisa kwaye oku kufuna ukuqonda okuhle kweBitcoin, zombini kwinethiwekhi nakwixabiso elilondoloziweyo.

Ukukhula njenge-asethi ye-treasury: Enye yezinto ezixhalabisayo ezihlala ziphakanyiswa kukungazinzi kwexabiso leBitcoin. Njengoko iqhubeka ikhula, nabathengi abakhulu abafana noRhulumente kunye ne-ETF ngoku bengene, kukho amathuba okuba oku kungazinzi kungancipha kwaye iBitcoin izinzise njenge-asethi ye-treasury.

Izisombululo zeLayer 2: I-Lightning kunye nezinye izisombululo ze-L2 zivumela iBitcoin ukuba ifezekise enye into ephambili yemali, njengendlela yokutshintshiselana ngemali ekhoyo kwihlabathi lonke ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Oku kunganika naliphi na ishishini ithuba lokubonelela ngeenkonzo kunye nentlawulo kubathengi abaninzi. Ukwamkela iBitcoin njengentlawulo kukwanika ithuba lokwandisa i-treasury yeBitcoin ngqo.

Iiasethi ezizezinye: Kukho inkqubo esele ikhona ye-crypto currencies, ezinye zazo zibekwa njenge-asethi ezifanayo neBitcoin. Oorhulumente abaninzi bakwasebenza kuphuhliso lwe-CBDC (ii-Central Bank Digital Currencies). Ukuqonda ezi kunye nezizathu zokuba zingafanelekanga njenge-asethi ye-treasury kuya kunceda naliphi na ishishini elijonga ukwamkela ukuqinisekisa ukuba kusetyenziswa indlela yeBitcoin kuphela.

5.2.9 Uhlalutyo lwe-SWOT

Ukujonga iziphumo nakweliphi na ishishini lokwamkela iBitcoin njenge-asethi ye-treasury:

Amandla:

• Kwiminyaka ezayo, kulindeleke ukuba ukugcina iBitcoin kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkampani ukuze ziphumelele, ngokomeleza iibhile zazo zezimali kunye nokubonisa ubunkokeli.

Ubuthathaka:

• Imibuzo yoluntu malunga neBitcoin yokuba ichitha umbane okanye ukuba iyinto yokurhweba enobungozi inokuba nefuthe elibi kumfanekiso wenkampani.

Amathuba:

• Amanye amashishini aza kucotha ekwamkeleni esi sicwangciso aza kufuna ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo kwaye anokukhetha ukwenza oko ngokuthenga iinkampani eziphethe iBitcoin kwiTreasury reserve. Oku kungenza ishishini libe yindawo enomtsalane yokuthengwa, okanye likhusele ishishini ekuthathweni kuba iindleko zinokunyuka kakhulu kwiinkampani ezingenaso iBitcoin kwiibhuku zazo zemali.
• Xa iBitcoin sele igcinwe ixesha elithile, naluphi na utyalo-mali lwangaphakathi kufuneka kulindeleke ukuba ludlule kwinqanaba lenzuzo yeBitcoin – oko kukuthi, ingeniso ethe ngqo ngokugcina iBitcoin njenge-asethi yokugcina. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ishishini ligxile kuphela kwiiprojekthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
• Ukugcina inxalenye ye-bitcoin yindlela elungileyo yolawulo lomngcipheko. Njengoko isendleleni yokuzimisa njenge-asethi yehlabathi yokugcina imali kunye nenqanaba lokuhlawula urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, imingcipheko enxulumene nokungayigcini inkulu.
• Ubungqina ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwiinkampani ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni ezamkele isicwangciso se-bitcoin treasury bubonisa ukuba ixabiso lezabelo zazo libonakala likhuphuka ngenxa yemarike.

Izoyikiso:

• Ukungazinzi kweBitcoin kungaqhubeka okanye kunyuke, okanye ingeniso yemali ingapheli ukuba luncedo, nto leyo enokuthi ibe neziphumo kwezemali kwishishini.
• I-Bitcoin inokuba nengxaki enkulu yezobugcisa enokuchaphazela ixabiso layo.
• I-treasury inokuba sengozini ngenxa yokophulwa kokhuseleko.

5.2.10 Isiphelo

Sikwiqonga lokuqala lokwamkelwa kweBitcoin njenge-asethi yokugcina imali kwishishini, kodwa izibonelelo zale ndlela sele zibonakala kwimpumelelo yezemali yabasebenzisi bokuqala. Kukho iinkampani ezikhoyo ezilungiselela ukufundisa amashishini ngendlela yokufumana nokugcina iBitcoin ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye eli qonga kulindeleke ukuba likhule njengoko le ndlela ithandwa ngakumbi.

Nangona sigxile kwiinkampani ezinkulu njengemizekelo ngenxa yobunzima bezidingo, naliphi na ishishini, nokuba likhulu okanye lincinci, elenza ingeniso linokuthi liqale eyalo i-treasury reserve ngokuthenga nokugcina iBitcoin ukuze lifumane izibonelelo ezifanayo.

Nangona kukho imingcipheko kuyo nayiphi na inguqu kwishishini, ukuqala iBitcoin treasury nokuba lishishini lakho lincinci okanye likhulu kunokwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokhuseleko xa uncedwa ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye kunokubeka naliphi na ishishini kwisiseko esomeleleyo kwezemali.

Izihlomelo

1. https://www.investing.com/news/cryptocurrency-news/heres-how-much-bitcoin-btc-elon-musks-tesla-and-spacex-currently-hodls-3637633
2. https://blockchain-today.medium.com/crypto-sovereigns-how-el-salvador-is-leading-the-charge-in-government-adoption-of-digital-cc13720ae3f8
3. https://cointelegraph.com/learn/articles/proposed-us-bitcoin-strategic-reserve
4. https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/bitcoin-investing-restaurant-chain-profits-tahinis-microstrategy-btc-cryptocurrency-2021-11
5. https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2024/09/17/how-bhutan-quietly-built-750-million-in-bitcoin-holdings/
6. https://theminermag.com/news/2024-12-05/miner-weekly-convertible-debt-bitcoin/