Impembelelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo

NgokweCambridge University Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI), imfuno yamandla yeBitcoin imalunga ne-148 TW ngonyaka (njengoko ime ngo-Okt 3, 2024), elilingana ne-0.6% yombane osetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.

4.1.0 Ingxoxo Ngamandla eBitcoin

Ubudlelwane benethiwekhi yeBitcoin namandla mhlawumbi sesona sihloko siphikisanayo nesingaqondwa kakuhle. Kwihlabathi apho incoko yezopolitiko isiba novakalelo ngakumbi kwimpembelelo yomntu kwindalo ngenxa yokwanda kwemizi-mveliso kunye neendlela zokuziphatha kwabathengi, ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa amandla amaninzi ekusebenzeni kwabo kuza kutsala ingqwalasela enkulu yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwale ngxelo alunalo ulwazi olwaneleyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko luphambene kakhulu nenyaniso, njengoko kuboniswa ngumthunywa weWorld Economic Forum ongentla.

Abagxeki bathi indlela yokumba iBitcoin efuna amandla amaninzi — eqhutywa yiProof-of-Work (PoW) consensus mechanism — inegalelo ekukhupheni i-carbon, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwiigridi zamandla zehlabathi ezize, ngoko, zinciphisa iinjongo zokulondoloza indalo. Iingxelo ezigxininisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kweBitcoin, ngamanye amaxesha kugqitha amazwe apheleleyo afana neArgentina, ziye zonyusa inkxalabo yokuba inethiwekhi iyenza mandundu ingxaki yokonakaliswa kwendalo endaweni yokuxhasa iinzame zokuzinzisa indalo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ingxoxo ephikisayo ekhula ethi ukumba iBitcoin kunokudlala indima entle ekuphuculeni iigridi zamandla kunye nokunceda utshintsho oluya kwimithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo.

Ngoko ke, ingaba iBitcoin ingaba luncedo kwindalo? Ingaba inegalelo ekusebenzeni nasekuzinziseni igridi, ngaloo ndlela incede ukuxhasa utshintsho oluya kwimveliso yamandla ehlaziyekayo?

4.1.1 Ukusebenzisa Amandla Njengokhuseleko

Umsebenzi ophambili wenethiwekhi yeBitcoin kukugcina i-ledger yezithengiselwano esekwe kwinkqubo yokuzimela. Xa kungekho gunya eliphakathi eliqinisekisa oku, inethiwekhi ifuna indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwe-ledger kunye nokuthintela ukuba kungabikho 'ukuphindaphinda' kwentlawulo. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinethiwekhi kufuneka bavumelane ngemeko ye-ledger (ngubani onento ethile) ngexesha elithile. Apha ke kungena khona ukumba.

Abagcini-migodi basebenzisa izixhobo zekhompyutha ezikhethekileyo okanye ii-ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) ezisasazwe kwinethiwekhi yehlabathi. Ezi ASICs ziyilelwe ukuba ziqikelele izisombululo zomngeni we-cryptography ngokuphindaphindiweyo, nto leyo efuna ukwenza izigidi ngezigidi zokubala ngomzuzwana. Ukuphumelela kokuqikelela kuzisa umvuzo kumgodi ngendlela ye-bitcoin entsha, kwaye inethiwekhi iqinisekisa nge-cryptography ngexesha lokwenyani ukuba umgodi uphumelele. Yiyo loo nto le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba 'bubungqina bomsebenzi' (proof-of-work).

Ngokudibeneyo, inethiwekhi yehlabathi yabagcini-migodi inegalelo elikhulu kumandla okusebenza kwekhompyutha. Oku kwenziwa ngenjongo yokukhusela inethiwekhi - umntu onenjongo embi ozama ukuhlasela okanye ukuguqula inethiwekhi ukuze azuze kufuneka asebenzise amandla okusebenza akwaneleyo ukulawula uninzi lwenethiwekhi. Ukuba oku bekunokwenzeka, bekufuna izixhobo zemali ezinkulu kwaye kusekude kube lula ukugcina ulawulo ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo lokuphazamisa inethiwekhi yeBitcoin. Ngoko ke, amathuba okuba olu hlaselo luphumelele asele esondele ku-zero, ngenxa yomqobo wamandla.

I-Bitcoin ayichithi umbane, isetyenziswa kukhuseleko.
Kyle Torpey

4.1.2 Ukukhangela Amandla Alahlekileyo

Abagcini-migodi beBitcoin basebenza kwindawo enokhuphiswano olukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwabanye abadlali kumlo wehlabathi we-24x7 wokongeza ibhloko elandelayo yezithengiselwano kwi-ledger kwaye bafumane 'umvuzo webhloko'. Kubalulekile ngokurhweba ukuba abagcini-migodi bafune amandla asezantsi axhaphakileyo kwaye angakhuphisaniyo kakhulu. Oku kubakhokelela kumithombo yamandla elahlekileyo okanye echithwayo.

Eyona nto iphambili koku kukonga iindleko. Umbane ngowona msebenzi mkhulu kumgodi kuba kufuna amandla amaninzi. Ngokusebenzisa amandla alahlekileyo – oko kukuthi, amandla angasayi kusetyenziswa, njengamandla angaphezulu avela kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo okanye i-gas yendalo etshisiweyo – abagcini-migodi banokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zamandla. Amandla alahlekileyo ahlala exabisa kancinci kuba awafumaneki lula okanye awafunwa kakhulu. Umzekelo, kwimimandla enombane omninzi ovela kwi-hydro okanye umoya, amaxabiso angawa ngenxa yokungabikho kwezixhobo zokuhambisa umbane. Oku kudala amathuba kubagcini-migodi ukuba bafumane izivumelwano zombane ezixabisa kancinci, nto leyo ephucula inzuzo yabo.

Izivumelwano zombane zinokubonelela ukufikelela kumithombo yamandla elahlekileyo okanye echithwayo, nto leyo evumela abagcini-migodi ukuba bazikhusele ekungazinzi kweemarike zamandla eziqhelekileyo. Amaxabiso ombane ayahluka ngenxa yemfuno yesizini, amaxabiso e-fossil fuel kunye neziganeko zehlabathi. Amandla alahlekileyo anika abagcini-migodi umthombo wamandla ozinzileyo, oqikelekayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenza izicwangciso zexesha elide kunye nokufumana inzuzo. Kukho nenzuzo kwigama elilungileyo ngokusebenzisa amandla alahlekileyo, kuba kunciphisa ukugxekwa kokusingqongileyo ngokunciphisa umkhondo we-carbon womgodi.

Ngaphandle kokuba luncedo kumgodi, umvelisi wamandla naye uyazuza ngokuba nomthengi othembekileyo wamandla angaphezulu. Abavelisi bamandla, ngakumbi abo bakwiindawo ezikude okanye ezityebileyo ngezixhobo, banokungabinazo iindlela ezininzi zokuthengisa amandla angaphezulu. Abagcini-migodi beBitcoin babonelela 'ngumthengi wokugqibela' walo mandla obungekho mfuneko. Ngoko ke, intsebenziswano phakathi kwabavelisi bamandla kunye neenkampani zokumba inokuba luncedo kubo bobabini, ivumela abavelisi ukuba benze ingeniso kumandla alahlekileyo kwaye abagcini-migodi bafumane umbane ongabizi.

Ukongeza, imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo, efana nelanga nomoya, ihlala ivelisa amandla angaphezulu ngexesha elingekho mfuneko enkulu okanye kwiindawo ezikude nabathengi abakhulu bamandla. Abagcini-migodi beBitcoin banokumisa imisebenzi kufutshane nale mithombo, benika ukusetyenziswa kwezoshishino kwamandla abengekho mfuneko (oko kukuthi, achithwayo). Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiifama zomoya okanye iindawo zelanga ezinemveliso engaguquguqukiyo. Oku kuyahluka kwinethiwekhi zombane ezisebenzisa i-fossil fuel apho ifuel engasetyenziswa ingathuthwa lula kwiindawo apho kukho imfuno yezoshishino. Oku kwenza umbane oveliswa nge-fossil fuel ungabi nomtsalane kuba awubizi kancinci ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa ukumba okunenzuzo.

4.1.3 Umngeni Wokuzinzisa Igridi

Ukusuka kumbono womvelisi wombane, ukuzinzisa igridi ngumngeni omkhulu kwiigridi zamandla ehlaziyekayo ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwemithombo emininzi ehlaziyekayo, efana nelanga nomoya. Ngokungafaniyo nemithombo yamandla yesiqhelo (umzekelo, amalahle, igesi, okanye i-nuclear), enokuthi ivelise umbane ngokuqhubekayo, imithombo ehlaziyekayo ixhomekeke kwiimeko zendalo. Oku kubangela ukungazinzi kwimveliso yamandla nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukulinganisa unikezelo kunye nemfuno ngexesha lokwenyani.

Umzekelo, imveliso yamandla elanga nomoya ixhomekeke kwimozulu nakwixesha losuku. Amandla elanga asebenza kuphela xa ilanga likhanya, kwaye iiturbine zomoya zivelisa umbane kuphela xa umoya uvuthuza. Oku kubangela ukungaguquguquki kwimveliso yamandla, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukulinganisa unikezelo lombane nemfuno ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukwehla okukhawulezayo kwimveliso yamandla ehlaziyekayo (umzekelo, xa umoya uyeka okanye xa kunemvula) kunokubangela ukwehla okukhulu kokufumaneka kombane, nto leyo enokubangela ukusilela kombane okanye kufuneke kusetyenziswe izityalo zamandla ezisebenzisa i-fossil fuel njengendawo yokugcina.

Ukongeza, ngexesha lemveliso ephezulu yamandla ehlaziyekayo (umzekelo, iintsuku ezinelanga okanye ezinomoya) kunye nemfuno ephantsi (njengexesha le-1-4 ekuseni), amanye amandla ehlaziyekayo kufuneka ancitshiswe ukuze kungagqithi igridi. Oku kunciphisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho yeprojekthi zamandla ehlaziyekayo kwaye kudala ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Kuhlala kubuzwa ukuba iibhetri okanye ezinye iitekhnoloji zokugcina amandla zinokunceda ukulinganisa ukungaguquguquki kwimveliso yamandla. Nangona ezi teknoloji zinokunceda ukugcina amandla angaphezulu aveliswa yimithombo ehlaziyekayo, zihlala zibiza kakhulu kwaye zinomda wokugcina. Oku kunciphisa amandla okulinganisa ukungaguquguquki kwimveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ixesha elide.

4.1.4 IBitcoin NjengeStabiliser

Ukumba iBitcoin, ngenxa yemfuno yayo yamandla eguquguqukayo, kunokuba sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokulawula imfuno yokuzinzisa iigridi zamandla ehlaziyekayo. Abagcini-migodi beBitcoin banokuhlengahlengisa ngokukhawuleza ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwamandla ngokweemfuno zegridi. Ngexesha lemveliso ephezulu yamandla ehlaziyekayo, abagcini-migodi banokunyusa imisebenzi yabo kwaye basebenzise amandla angaphezulu. Ngokuchaseneyo, ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu okanye imveliso ephantsi yamandla ehlaziyekayo, abagcini-migodi banokucima okanye banciphise imisebenzi yabo ngokukhawuleza, benike amandla kwiinkonzo ezibalulekileyo. Olu guquguquko lunceda ukulinganisa igridi, lwenza kube lula ukudibanisa imithombo ehlaziyekayo engaguquguqukiyo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezisombululo zokugcina ezibizayo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-resistive load banks ezilingisa imfuno yomthengi omkhulu, ziguqula amandla angaphezulu abe bubushushu.

Ukongeza, abagcini-migodi abaninzi beBitcoin bayathatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokuphendula kwimfuno, apho bezimisele ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwamandla ngexesha lokuxinana kwegridi (umzekelo, ngexesha lemiqolomba yobushushu okanye imozulu ebandayo). Ngokusebenza njengomthwalo olawulwayo, abagcini-migodi banokunceda ukuthintela ukusilela kombane kwaye baqinisekise ukuba igridi ihlala izinzile, ngakumbi ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu.

Endaweni yokunciphisa imveliso yamandla ehlaziyekayo angaphezulu, ukumba iBitcoin kunokusebenzisa la mandla angaphezulu kwaye uwenze imali. Oku kudala imeko yezoqoqosho yokusebenzisa amandla abengekho mfuneko, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kweprojekthi zamandla ehlaziyekayo. Kwiindawo ezinamandla ehlaziyekayo amaninzi, ezifana neTexas okanye Iceland, abagcini-migodi beBitcoin bamise imisebenzi kufutshane nezityalo zamandla ehlaziyekayo, benceda ukusebenzisa amandla angaphezulu ngelixa bezinzisa igridi.

ETexas, abagcini-migodi beBitcoin baye badibana ne-Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) 2 ukuthatha inxaxheba kumzamo wokuzinzisa igridi. Ngokuhlengahlengisa imisebenzi yabo ngokweemeko zegridi ngexesha lokwenyani, aba bagcini-migodi banceda ukulinganisa unikezelo nemfuno lombane, beqinisekisa ukuba amandla ehlaziyekayo anokudityaniswa kakuhle ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuzinza kwegridi. Umzekelo, ngexesha lesaqhwithi sasebusika eTexas ngo-2021 abagcini-migodi beBitcoin bakwazile ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, benika amandla kwiziseko ezibalulekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhaya.

4.1.5 Ukukhuthaza Amandla aCocekileyo

Ukongeza ekwenzeni imali kumandla ehlaziyekayo angaphezulu kunye nokusebenza njengomthengi wokugqibela, abagcini-migodi beBitcoin banceda ukukhuthaza utyalo-mali kwiziseko zophuhliso zamandla ehlaziyekayo ezintsha ngokusebenzisana ixesha elide nababoneleli bamandla. Oku kubonelela umthengisi wamandla umthombo wengeniso ozinzileyo nowethembekileyo, nto leyo ekhuthaza uphuhliso lweefama zomoya ezongezelelweyo, izityalo zelanga, kunye neeprojekthi zehydroelectric. Ubukho babagcini-migodi beBitcoin bunokwenza ezi projekthi zibe nenzuzo ngakumbi ngokubonelela ngesiseko sabathengi esingaguquguqukiyo. Ukongeza, abagcini-migodi banokuhlawula amandla kwangoko, oko kukuthi, phambi kokuba umthombo wombane udityaniswe kwigridi. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokubuyisa utyalo-mali kwaye kwehlisa iindleko zenkunzi yeprojekthi entsha yamandla ehlaziyekayo. Xa umgodi weBitcoin esebenza njengomthengi oqinisekisiweyo, umthengisi wamandla angakhetha ukwakha iprojekthi enkulu kunaleyo ebeya kuba nako ukuyakha ngaphandle komgodi.

Imfuneko yomthengi ozinzileyo wamandla ehlaziyekayo ibonakaliswe kutsha nje e-UK - kuye kwaxelwa kakhulu ukuba iifama zomoya zihlawulwa ukuba zicime kwaye izityalo zegesi zisetyenziswa endaweni yazo.Umoya Ochithwayo, iwebhusayithi elandelela inani lamandla omoya angasetyenziswanga e-UK, liqikelele ukuba kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbini zika-2025, iindleko kubathengi zokunqunyanyiswa kwamandla oku zazingama-£253m, ukonyuka kwe-£158m xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo.

I-Business Matters ithi isizathu sale ngxaki kukwanda ngokukhawuleza kweefama zomoya eziselwandle, ezakhiwa ngokukhawuleza kunokuhlaziywa kwenethiwekhi yokuhambisa umbane yaseBritane. Kwiintsuku ezinomoya xa imfuno iphantsi, inethiwekhi yombane ayikwazi ukuhambisa amandla ombane ongezelelweyo kwaye umphathi wenethiwekhi uhlawula iifama zomoya ukuze zivalwe. Ukongeza, ihlawula izikhululo zamandla ezisebenzisa igesi ezikufutshane neziko lemfuno, ukuze zigubungele umsantsa.

Ngokwahlukileyo, e-Iceland, apho amandla ashushu omhlaba kunye namandla ombane avela emanzini agqame kakhulu, abavukuzi beBitcoin babe negalelo ekwandiseni iziseko zamandla ahlaziyekayo. Amandla ahlaziyekayo axabisa kancinci akhoyo kule ndawo atsale inani elikhulu lemisebenzi yokumba, yenza ubudlelwane obuluncedo phakathi kwezi shishini zimbini.

Urhulumente wase-Iceland uqaphele amandla okuba imisebenzi yokumba iBitcoin ingavuselela uqoqosho, idale amathuba emisebenzi, kwaye itsale utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, ixhase eli shishini kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula kwalo.
Industry Leaders Magazine

Ukuguquguquka kweendawo apho imisebenzi yokumba iBitcoin ingasekwa kubalulekile. Imisebenzi yokumba iBitcoin ayixhomekekanga kwindawo ngendlela efanayo namashishini emveli. Inokusekwa kwiindawo ezikude apho kukho amandla ahlaziyekayo amaninzi, kodwa ukufikelela kwiziko labemi okanye iziseko zokuhambisa umbane kunqongophele. Oku kubenza babe ngabafanelekayo ekusebenziseni amandla kwiindawo apho amashishini emveli engenakusebenza, kukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamandla acocekileyo kwiindawo ezingasetyenziswanga. Ngale ndlela, abavukuzi beBitcoin bangumthengi wemarike oya kumthombo wamandla, endaweni yokufuna ukuba amandla aziswe kubo, kunye nazo zonke iindleko zezixhobo ezihambelanayo.

Ukumba iBitcoin kunika umvuzo oqinileyo kwezoqoqosho ekuphuhliseni amandla ahlaziyekayo ngokudala imfuno eqhubekayo yamandla acocekileyo, kunceda ukuzinzisa iigridi zombane, kwaye kuxhasa uphuhliso lweziseko kwiindawo ezityebileyo ngamandla ahlaziyekayo. Njengoko imisebenzi yokumba iguqukela ngakumbi kumandla ahlaziyekayo, iba ngabalinganiswa ababalulekileyo kutshintsho lwehlabathi ukuya kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo.

4.1.6 Ibali elihle eliqhubekayo

Ubuhlobo beBitcoin namandla bunamacala amaninzi kwaye buyatshintsha. Ukumba iBitcoin kugxekwa ngenxa yokusebenzisa amandla amaninzi, abanye abahlalutyi kunye nabakhuseli bokusingqongileyo becaphula izifundo ezibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenethiwekhi kufana nokwamazwe apheleleyo, ngelixa abanye bekhathazeka ukuba iimfuno zamandla zeshishini zingabhebhethekisa utshintsho lwemozulu. Nangona kunjalo, le ngxoxo ayijongi kwaphela amathuba okuba ukumba iBitcoin kungadlala indima eyakhayo kutshintsho kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenethiwekhi yombane.

Ukumba iBitcoin, ngenxa yemfuno yayo ekhethekileyo yamandla axabisa kancinci kwaye amaninzi, sele iqala ukuxhomekeka ngakumbi kumandla ahlaziyekayo. Kwiindawo ezityebileyo ngomoya, ilanga, okanye amandla avela emanzini, abavukuzi banokusebenzisa amandla ongezelelweyo okanye alahliweyo ebengayi kusetyenziswa. Le meko inceda ukuphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho yeprojekthi zamandla ahlaziyekayo ngokubonelela ngemfuno eqhubekayo yombane ongaphezulu, ngakumbi ngexesha lemfuno ephantsi.

Ukufuna amandla alahliweyo kubalulekile kubavukuzi beBitcoin kwicala loshishino kuba kunciphisa iindleko, kuphucula uzinzo lokusingqongileyo, kwaye kuqinisekisa uzinzo lokusebenza kwimarike yamandla engazinzanga. Le ndlela ayenzi nje ukuba ukumba kube nenzuzo ngakumbi kodwa ikwabeka ishishini njengomdlali ophambili kulawulo lwenethiwekhi yombane nakuphuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Ukumba iBitcoin kunika izisombululo kwezinye zeengxaki eziphambili ezijongene neenethiwekhi zamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ukungazinzi kwamandla elanga nomoya kudala ukungazinzi, njengoko ukuveliswa kwamandla kuxhomekeke kwimozulu. Abavukuzi beBitcoin, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nokwandiswa kwemisebenzi yabo, banokunceda ukuzinzisa inethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa amandla ongezelelweyo ngexesha lokuveliswa okugqithisileyo kwaye banciphise ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu. Le ndlela yokuphendula kwimfuno sele isetyenziswa kwiimarike ezifana neTexas, apho abavukuzi basebenzisana nabaqhubi benethiwekhi ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwenethiwekhi.

Amandla eBitcoin okuphelisa ukutshiswa kwe-methane kwiindawo zokumba ioyile yenye yeenzuzo ezingakhange ziqwalaselwe. Ngokubamba nokusebenzisa igesi yendalo elahliweyo ebingayi kutshiswa, abavukuzi beBitcoin banokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-methane eyingozi, baguqule imveliso elahliweyo enobungozi kwindalo ibe ngumthombo obalulekileyo.

Ukugxekwa kokusingqongileyo kokumba iBitcoin kulindelekile kwaye kuyamkeleka. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji ibonisa amathuba akhethekileyo okukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yombane.

Njengoko ishishini likhula, intsebenziswano enkulu nababoneleli bamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nabaqhubi benethiwekhi inceda ukumba iBitcoin ukuba kube ngumdlali ophambili kutshintsho lwehlabathi ukuya kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo.

Amanqaku

1. I-Bitcoin Ayichithi Umbane, Isetyenziselwa Ukhuseleko, inqaku elichaza indlela umbane oyisiseko semodeli yokhuseleko yeBitcoin, Bitcoin Magazine, Novemba 2015 https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/bitcoin-doesn-t-waste-electricity-it-s-used-for-security-1446482572
2. Abavukuzi beBitcoin babalelwa kwi-95% yeLarge Flexible Loads eTexas, The Miner Mag, Februwari 2024.https://theminermag.com/news/2024-02-29/bitcoin-mining-map-north-america-texas/
3. Ukungabikho komthamo wenethiwekhi kunyusa iindleko 'zamandla omoya achithwayo' ukuya kwi-£250m, Business Matters, Matshi 2025 https://bmmagazine.co.uk/news/lack-of-grid-capacity-pushes-wasted-wind-costs-to-250m/
4. Iceland: Iziko elingalindelekanga lokuKumba iBitcoin, Industry Leader Magazine, Septemba 2023 https://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/iceland-the-unlikely-bitcoin-mining-hub/
5. What makes methane a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide? Climate Portal, December 2023. https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/what-makes-methane-more-potent-greenhouse-gas-carbon-dioxide
6. Inkampani yeBitcoin flare Crusoe ithenga ukhuphiswano lwayo iGreat American Mining, Data Center Dynamics, Oktobha 2022 https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/bitcoin-flare-firm-crusoe-buys-rival-great-american-mining/

4.2.0 Umngeni woLawulo-mali lwamaTyalo-mali

I-Bitcoin ayisiyonto intsha kuphela kwicandelo lotyalo-mali lwezikhungo, inezinto ezizodwa ezenza kube nzima kwiimali zemveli ukuba ziyichaze kwaye ziyihlalutye. I-Bitcoin ineminyaka eli-15 kuphela kwaye, uninzi lwelo xesha, ibiyinto encinci kwaye ingekho lula ukuthengiswa, ilawulwa ngabatyali-mali ngabanye. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimarike ye-bitcoin ngabatyali-mali bezikhungo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bekulinganiselwe. Iminyaka emininzi, ukuswela imigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo yezomthetho kunye nolawulo bekuyingxaki ecacileyo kwaye mhlawumbi ibe sisizathu esilula sokungangeni.

Ukwaziswa kweemarike ze-futures kwi-bitcoin malunga nokuphela kuka-2017 kwaba linyathelo lokuqala ekwenzeni le asethi yamkelwe ngabatyali-mali abaphantsi kolawulo. Nangona kunjalo, yayikukuvunywa kolawulo kwee-ETF zeBitcoin, ngoJanuwari 2024, okokugqibela okubonise kwicandelo lolawulo-mali lobuchwephesha ukuba i-bitcoin ngoku iyiklasi yeasethi esekiweyo efuna ingqwalasela.

Ngoku i-bitcoin isiba yiklasi yeasethi eqwalaselwa ngakumbi, umngeni ophambili kubatyali-mali bezikhungo kukuba bahlalutye kwaye baphuhlise isicwangciso sotyalo-mali esijikeleze yona. Abalawuli-mali baphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulayo oluvela kubathengi ukuba banganiki nje uluvo, kodwa banike isakhelo esithembekileyo kunye neemveliso ezivumela abathengi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kule klasi yeasethi intsha. Kungenjalo, basengozini yokuphulukana neshishini elikhulu kubakhuphisana nabo abanendlela evulekileyo ngakumbi yokwakha ubutyebi.

Kude kube kutshanje, bekunzima kubalawuli-mali ukuba baxhase ukuchitha ixesha befundisisa i-bitcoin, ingakumbi ukwahlula-mali kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umdla wabathengi ukhula, sinokufikelela kwinqanaba apho abalawuli-mali abangenaso isicwangciso sotyalo-mali lwe-bitcoin kufuneka banike isizathu esivakalayo.

Le module ijonga ezinye iindlela abalawuli-mali bemveli abanokuthi bacinge ngayo i-bitcoin njengeasethi, amathuba ayo, imilinganiselo yoxabiso kunye nefuthe kwiiphothifoliyo. Ayijoliswanga ekubeni ngumthetho ongaguqukiyo - uluntu lolawulo-mali luthe gabalala ngokubanzi nangendlela, kwaye umphathi ngamnye uya kuba nesakhelo sakhe sotyalo-mali kunye nenkqubo.

4.2.1 Ukuqala Ukuqonda i-bitcoin

Abatyali-mali bezikhungo banokwahlulwa babe ziiqela ezimbini. Iqela lokuqala liquka abatyali-mali abacebileyo abanokuthatha inxaxheba ngeyona ndlela yokutyala-mali okanye i-ofisi yosapho. Eli qela liquka nabatyali-mali abakhethekileyo okanye ii-hedge funds ezikwaziyo ukusebenzisa imali ngokukhawuleza. Banokuba nabantu abambalwa abanomdla, nto leyo eyenza bangabi nemida kwaye bakhawuleze xa kufikwa kwizigqibo zotyalo-mali. Banokuba nemida encinci ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo kwaye babe nomngcipheko ophezulu. Eli qela sele likhulu amathuba okuba sele linothile kwi-bitcoin.

Iqela lesibini linokuthathwa njengecandelo lotyalo-mali lwemveli. Liquka abacebisi botyalo-mali abaphantsi kolawulo, abalawuli-mali abakhulu, iibhanki, abaphathi beemali ezidibeneyo, iipenshini, iimali zokuxhasa kunye neefandesi zelizwe. Lihamba kancinci kakhulu kwaye linomngcipheko ophantsi.

Eli qela likwangqongqo kakhulu. Amalungu alo aya kuba neenkqubo ezinzulu nezicwangcisiweyo zotyalo-mali. Abalawuli-mali banokubanjwa yimigaqo-nkqubo eneenkcukacha echaza iiasethi okanye iimarike ezikhoyo. Izigqibo zokwahlula-mali zihlala zenziwa ziikomiti ezakhiwe ngabalawuli bephothifoliyo, abahlalutyi kunye nabasebenzi bokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo apho izimvo zihlolisiswa nzulu kwaye zibhaliwe ngokwemigangatho engqongqo, phantsi kweliso elibukhali lomlawuli-mali. 

Kulula ukuva uvelwano neli qela kunye nemingeni elijongene nayo xa kufikwa kwi-bitcoin. Ngokwendalo eli qela linomgaqo wokugcina izinto zikhuselekile, alithandi utshintsho kwaye, ngokubanzi, le ndlela ibisebenza kakuhle. Kule meko, xa itekhnoloji entsha okanye ephazamisa kakhulu iza, impendulo yendalo kukuba uqaphele, ungathembi okanye uyikhuphe ngokupheleleyo, ngakumbi xa uninzi lweshishini lwenza okufanayo. Ke ngoko, kule meko ingqongqo, akumangalisi ukuba eli qela lesibini lihambe kancinci xa lifaka imali kwi-asethi entsha njenge-bitcoin. 

Abafundi beenkcukacha ezininzi zemithombo yeendaba zemali zemveli malunga nenethiwekhi yeBitcoin kunye neprotocol baye baqaphela ukuba abaninzi abachaza iziganeko bayasokola ukubona ukuba ingena phi kwinkqubo yemali yakudala. Oku kuyacaca. I-Bitcoin yavela ngaphandle kwenkqubo yemali ekhoyo. Kwaye, njengetekhnoloji ephinda icinge ngemali ngokwayo, ukwamkelwa kwayo kunokwenza uninzi lwezemali zemveli lungasasebenzi. Ewe kunjalo, oku kufana nendlela yetekhnoloji ephazamisa kwamanye amashishini.

Nangona kunjalo, imfuno ekhulayo yokufumana i-bitcoin evela kubathengi inyanzelisa abalawuli-mali ukuba bacinge ngokufaka i-bitcoin kwiiphothifoliyo okanye baphulukane nabathengi. Le mfuno ibiyinto ephambili ekwazisweni kwee-ETF zeBitcoin ngabaphathi be-asethi abakhulu abafana neBlackRock, Fidelity nabanye. Oku kunike abalawuli-mali imveliso evunyiweyo ngumlawuli, evumela ukuba banelise imfuno yabatyali-mali yokufumana i-bitcoin ngendlela ehambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhohlo.

Emva kweminyaka eli-15 yokugqunywa kakubi kwimithombo yeendaba ephambili kunye neyoshishino, iBitcoin isaqhubeka nokuphikisa uqikelelo lwabaninzi abangathembe. Inethiwekhi iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaye imilinganiselo efana nenani leedilesi zikawonke-wonke, i-hash rate yenethiwekhi kunye nexabiso leedola elithengiselwana, konke kubonisa itekhnoloji eqhubeka ikhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ngoko ke, kuya kusiba nzima kubalawuli-mali ukuba baxhase ukungabinayo i-bitcoin kwiiphothifoliyo zabo.

4.2.2 IBitcoin: Ingaba Iyindlela Yamkelekileyo yeAsethi?

Kuxhomekeke kumyalelo wabo (umzekelo, iasethi enye, isicwangciso esinye okanye iifandesi ezininzi ezilinganisiweyo ngomngcipheko njl.), abalawuli-mali abakhulu bemveli baya kuba nemigangatho kunye nesakhelo esicwangcisiweyo sokuhlalutya utyalo-mali olunokubakho. Ezi nkqubo zingqongqo kwaye zihlolisiswa, njengoko kufanelekile. Ke ngoko, kunokuba ngumngeni kumphathi-mali ukubona ukuba ukugcina i-bitcoin kwi-phothifoliyo kungangena njani kwinkqubo ekhohlo, kuba ayinakuxabiswa kusetyenziswa imilinganiselo yemveli esetyenziswa kwezinye iiklasi zeasethi. Ke ngoko, inxalenye yohlalutyo lwe-bitcoin njengotyalo-mali kufuneka ihambe kunye nokuphononongwa kweenkqubo zotyalo-mali ezikhoyo. 

Ukusuka kwindawo yezifundo, injongo yolawulo-mali olusebenzayo kukuphuhlisa iiphothifoliyo ezigqwesileyo 'kumda osebenzayo'. Oko kukuthi, iiphothifoliyo ezinikezela ngembuyekezo ephezulu elindelekileyo kwinqanaba lomngcipheko ochaziweyo, okanye umlinganiselo ophantsi womngcipheko kwimbuyekezo elindelekileyo echaziweyo. Umbuzo ophambili kubalawuli-mali kukuba ingaba ukwahlula-mali kwi-bitcoin kunokunceda ukufikelela kule njongo.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba uhlalutyo oluphumelelayo lomngcipheko xa kuthelekiswa nembuyekezo kufuneka lubeke iphothifoliyo kufutshane okanye kumda osebenzayo. Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo osetyenziselwa oku yiSharpe Ratio. Yahlula imbuyekezo egqithisileyo yephothifoliyo ngomlinganiselo wokungazinzi kwephothifoliyo, njengokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwembuyekezo egqithisileyo. ISharpe ephezulu ingcono xa kuthelekiswa iiphothifoliyo.

Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba iiphothifoliyo ezikumda osebenzayo zihlala zibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokwahluka. Oko kukuthi, ziqulathe uluhlu olubanzi lweasethi ezingenalo unxulumano olusondeleyo kwindlela amaxabiso azo ahamba ngayo. Iiasethi ezizezinye azihlali zinxulumene kakhulu neeklasi zeasethi eziphambili (izitokhwe kunye neebhondi) kwaye ke zinokuba lithuba elinomtsalane kubalawuli-mali abafuna ukwandisa ukwahluka kwi-phothifoliyo. 'Ezizezinye', ezifana ne-equity yabucala, izindlu, amasimi, okanye nemisebenzi yobugcisa kunye nezinto eziqokelelwayo zihlala zikwiluhlu lokujongwa ngabaphathi bephothifoliyo bezikhungo njengendlela yokwahlula, ngakumbi ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemarike yeebhondi kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Abalawuli bephothifoliyo eqhelekileyo '60/40' (60% izitokhwe, 40% iibhondi) baphantsi koxinzelelo lokuphucula ukusebenza kotyalo-mali ngokubanzi.

Nangona kunjalo, iiasethi ezizezinye zihlala ziza nomqobo omkhulu. Zinokuhlala kwiimarike ezingenalo ulwelo olunzulu olufumaneka kwiimarike ezinkulu zezabelo okanye iibhondi. Kunzima ukufumana abathengi okanye abathengisi abanevolumu eyaneleyo. Nokuba ukuxabisa iasethi ngeenjongo zephothifoliyo kunokuba ngumngeni kuba 'ukuyiphawula kwimarike' kunokungathembeki kwimarike engenalo ulwelo.

I-Bitcoin yiasethi ezizezinye engenalo olu ngxaki. Yimarike exabisa ngaphezulu kwe-$1 trillion kwaye ithengiswa iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki kwihlabathi liphela. Ivolumu ethengiswayo ibalwa kwiishumi zeebhiliyoni zeedola ngosuku. Kwakhona, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiasethi ezizezinye, i-bitcoin ifana, iyahlolwa ngokuzimeleyo, yahlulwe lula kwaye ayinangxaki yomntu wesithathu, ukuba igcinwe ngqo.

4.2.3 Ukuhlalutya kunye noXabiso lweBitcoin

Abalawuli-mali abaqeqeshiweyo sele benenkqubo engqongqo yokuhlalutya utyalo-mali olunokubakho. Ngo-2017, umhlalutyi wenkqubo yoshishino uBrian Leemoon waphuhlisa isakhelo sokuvavanya itekhnoloji yeBitcoin kusetyenziswa iindlela ezintathu ezaziwayo zohlalutyo lweshishini: SWOT, PESTLE kunye nePorter's Five Forces. Ukusuka kwindawo yomphathi-mali, umzekelo omfutshane we-SWOT analysis yeBitcoin unokubonakala ngolu hlobo:

Amandla

• Eyona digital asset yaziwayo, inethiwekhi/protocol yokuhlawula evulekileyo enembali ende
• Iprotocol ezinzileyo kakhulu engenazo iinguqu ezinkulu kwinkqubo yemali
• Inethiwekhi ezinzileyo kakhulu ene-99.99% uptime ukusukela oko yaqalwa
• Eyona nethiwekhi ye-digital asset ikhuselekileyo kwaye isasazeke kakhulu
• Eyona marike ye-digital asset ixabisekileyo kwaye inolwelo oluninzi kunye nabasebenzisi abaninzi
• Inethiwekhi ye-digital asset ekhula ngokukhawuleza - inani leedilesi, i-hash rate, ixabiso elithengiselwana
• Ivumela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho kumazwe asakhulayo
• Ubudlelwane obuhle kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nezinye izibonelelo ze-ESG
• Iqala ukwamkelwa njengeasethi ye-treasury kwiinkampani, iqinisa iibhilanxi
• Imeko yolawulo iyaphucuka. Umzekelo, ukuvunywa kwee-ETF e-US

Ubuthathaka

• Ixabiso le-asethi eliguquguqukayo kakhulu kunye nokwehla okukhulu kwexabiso
• Iindleko zokuthengiselana kwi-chain ziyahluka kakhulu
• Ukuswela imfundo yemarike malunga nokusebenza kunye neempawu
• Kunzima ukuhlalutya ixabiso ngabatyali-mali
• Ukuswela imigaqo-nkqubo ecacileyo yolawulo kwiimarike eziphambili 
• Imibono emibi yemarike kunye nokusabela okukhulu ekusetyenzisweni okungekho mthethweni okanye okungekho semthethweni
• Umngcipheko womsebenzi/igama elihle onxulumene nokuxhasa iBitcoin kwicandelo lezemali zemveli
• Inokungabi nolwelo ukuba iimvakalelo zabatyali-mali zijika ngokuchasene neasethi
• Abagcini beasethi bomntu wesithathu basengozini yokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber okanye ukubiwa

Amathuba

• Iba sisixhobo esaziwayo sokugcina ixabiso kunye neasethi ye-treasury yehlabathi
• Iyaqatshelwa ngakumbi njengendlela yokuhlawula iimpahla kunye neenkonzo
• Impumelelo yeemigaqo yesicelo somaleko iya kutsala abasebenzisi abaninzi kakhulu
• Ukukhula kwabasebenzisi ngesantya esifana nese-intanethi phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990
• Amathuba okuphucula imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali ngokwahlula-hlula (ukungahambelani)
• Iimeko zemarike zilungele imfuno - ukwehla kwamandla emali ye-fiat kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke
• Amathuba okuba ngowokuqala kutyalo-mali kubaphathi kuthelekiswa nabakhuphisana nabo

Iingozi

• Ukonyuka kwexabiso elikhulu okubangela umngcipheko wokwehla okukhulu kwexabiso
• Imithetho kwiimarike eziphambili ijika ichasene netekhnoloji
• Inethiwekhi ifumana ingxaki yobugcisa, echaphazela indlela abajonga ngayo ixabiso
• ‘Uhlaziyo’ lwenethiwekhi lubangela iingxaki zobugcisa ezingalindelekanga
• Igwetywa yenye i-asethi yedijithali enenkxaso enkulu kubasebenzisi okanye kwimithetho

Olu alululuhlu olupheleleyo kwaye kufuneka silindele ukuba abatyalomali babe neembono ezahlukeneyo ngamandla kunye nobuthathaka njl. Kodwa, lo msebenzi ukhuthaza abahlalutyi ukuba baqonde ngakumbi inethiwekhi yeBitcoin, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye ne-asethi kwaye bacinge ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba kufanelekile kutyalo-mali. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuphinda uphonononge uhlalutyo rhoqo kuba izinto eziphambili kwinkqubo ziyaqhubeka ziphuhliswa.

Uhlalutyo lwe-SWOT lukhuthaza abahlalutyi ukuba bathelekise nenkqubo yemali ye-fiat. Ukungamkelwa ngokubanzi kweengxaki ezinxulumene nemali ye-fiat kunokuba ngumqobo ekuqondeni iBitcoin. Iminyaka emininzi, bekungekho ngxoxo ingako ngezithintelo zemali ye-fiat phakathi kwabatyalomali okanye kwiindawo zophando, ikakhulu kuba kuyamkelwa ukuba akukho enye indlela ethembekileyo ukusukela oko kugqityiwe umgangatho wegolide, kwavela inkqubo yemali ye-fiat ezimeleyo. Oko kwatshintsha xa kwavela iBitcoin.

I-Bitcoin inezinto ezintsha nezizodwa. Ngenxa yoku, kube nengxoxo eninzi malunga nendlela yokuyixabisa njengotyalo-mali. Ingxelo eqhelekileyo kukuba ayinazinzuzo zemali ezifana nezitokhwe, amatyala okanye izindlu nomhlaba, ngoko ke, 'ayifanelekanga kutyalo-mali'. Kodwa oku kungabonisa ukungaguquguquki kwenkqubo yokutyala-mali efuna uhlaziyo ukuze ilungele iingcinga ezintsha. Kunceda abanye abatyalomali ukuba bacinge ngebitcoin (i-asethi) njenge 'igolide yedijithali' enezinto ezingcono kune golide yenyani. IGolide nayo ayinazinzuzo zemali kwaye inembali ende isetyenziswa njengemali. Ukwenza uthelekiso lweempawu zemali zegolide, i-fiat kunye nebitcoin kunokuba luncedo, njengoko kuchazwe kwinqaku lika-2018 'The Bullish Case for Bitcoin' likaVijay Boyapati.

Xa singenazo iindlela zemveli zokuxabisa, kufuneka siqwalasele njani ixabiso elinokubakho lebitcoin kwixesha elizayo?

Umhlalutyi uJesse Myers4 e-OnRamp ucebisa ukuba kuba i-bitcoin ingacingelwa njengemali entsha esisiseko enokuphinda ixabise zonke iintlobo zee-asethi, ke iMarike ebanzi (TAM) ye-bitcoin yiyo yonke ubutyebi behlabathi (malunga ne-R17Q), oko kukuthi, yonke ixabiso eligcinwe kwizitokhwe, amatyala, izindlu nomhlaba, iimarike zemali njl.

Kodwa ke, ukulindela ukuba iBitcoin ithathe uninzi okanye inxenye enkulu yobutyebi behlabathi akulindelekanga ukuba kwenzeke kungekudala. Le yimbali yeminyaka emininzi. Ngoko, okwangoku, singalandelela njani ukuba inethiwekhi yeBitcoin ihamba ngendlela efanelekileyo, ukuze le ngxelo yotyalo-mali ye-bitcoin (ibhale ngoonobumba abancinci xa kuthethwa nge-asethi) ihlale isemi?

KwiBitcoin network zininzi iindlela5 esinokuzilandelela ukubona umsebenzi kwinethiwekhi. Nantsi eminye imizekelo. Olu alululuhlu olupheleleyo kwaye inkcazelo epheleleyo nganye ingaphaya komda wale module.

• I-Hashrate yenethiwekhi (yonke amandla ekhompyutha adityanisiweyo asetyenziswa ukumba kunye nokucubungula iintengiselwano kwiBitcoin ledger yeProof-of-Work)
• Ixabiso le-randi elithengiselwe kwinethiwekhi
• Inani le-bitcoin ezikwi-exchange (umlinganiso wokunqongophala kwe-bitcoin ekhoyo yokurhweba)
• Inani labasebenzisi, iiwallet ezisebenzayo kwinethiwekhi (umaleko osisiseko & umaleko 2 njenge-Lightning). Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba uqikelelo lwale nto lungahluka kakhulu, ngoko kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela efanayo ukuze ukwazi ukulandelela iindlela ngokuthembekileyo.
• Inani lama-node asebenzayo kwinethiwekhi
• I-HODL waves (ukwabiwa kwabanini be-bitcoin ngokusekelwe kwixesha abaye bagcina ngalo iinkozo zabo)
• Umkhwa weemveliso zemidiya ezinxulumene neBitcoin, ezifana neefilimu, iincwadi okanye amanqaku eendaba eziphambili.
• Umkhwa wenani labathengisi abamkela iintlawulo ngebitcoin kumazwe aphambili. Oku kungalandelelwa kwi-btcmap.org

Ukulandelela iqela leemetriki zenethiwekhi kunceda umphathi ukuba abone ukuba ingxelo yotyalo-mali isemi. Ukongeza, ukulandelela inkqubela phambili yezitokhwe ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni (ezifana nabavukuzi okanye iinkampani ezinika ukufikelela kwi-bitcoin) kunokunika idatha eyongezelelweyo. Ezi zitokhwe zinokuxabiswa kusetyenziswa iindlela zemveli abaphathi abaqeqeshiweyo sele beziqhelile, ezifana nemodeli yokuhla kwemali (discounted cash flow) okanye imilinganiselo efana ne-price/earnings, price/sales, price/earnings growth, price/free cash flow, okanye price/book value.

4.2.4 Impembelelo yeBitcoin kwiipotifoliyo

Nangona ineminyaka eli-15 kuphela, ngo-Agasti 2025 i-bitcoin yayisele izinzile njengesixhobo sesixhenxe esixabiseke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngelixa kubalulekile kubaphathi botyalo-mali ukuqonda ubume beBitcoin kunye nefuthe elinokubakho kuqoqosho nakuluntu, umbuzo ophambili kwicala lobuchwephesha kukuba yintoni impembelelo enokubakho kwiipotifoliyo.

Ukuba sikholelwa ukuba iBitcoin ingathatha inxenye enkulu yobutyebi behlabathi kwixesha elide, kubonakala kufanelekile ukuba sibe nesabelo kuyo njengendlela yokunyusa imbuyekezo. Kodwa, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba imbuyekezo iyafaneleka na umngcipheko. Oku kuboniswa yiSharpe Ratio ekhankanywe ngaphambili. Umphathi kufuneka aqwalasele nokwahlula-hlula. Oko kukuthi, indlela imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali lwe-asethi ehambelana ngayo nezinye ii-asethi kwipotifoliyo, ngelixa eqwalasela nemingcipheko enxulumene nokuguquguquka kwexabiso kunye nokwehla okukhulu.

Kukho ulwazi olufumanekayo esidlangalaleni malunga nefuthe lebitcoin kwiipotifoliyo kwiFidelity Investments okanye iNakamoto Portfolio evela kwiSwan Research. Kuphando oluhlaziywe ngoJuni 20248, iFidelity yenze uhlalutyo lwembuyekezo, ukuguquguquka kunye nokuhambelana kwebitcoin xa ithelekiswa nezitokhwe, amatyala kunye negolide ngaphakathi kwepotifoliyo ye-60/40 izitokhwe/amatyala. Kufunyenwe ukuba i-bitcoin inika inzuzo yokwahlula-hlula, nangona ukuhambelana kungahluka.

Umzobo ongezantsi ubonisa ukuhambelana okuqhubekayo kweminyaka emi-3 kwebitcoin xa ithelekiswa nezitokhwe kunye namatyala, ukusuka ngoJulayi 2013 ukuya kuMatshi 2024. Ubonisa ukuba, ngelixa ukuhambelana phakathi kwezitokhwe namatyala kunyuka. Ukuhambelana okuqhubekayo kweminyaka emi-3 nezitokhwe kwe-0.53 kunye namatyala kwe-0.26 ukuya kuMatshi 2024 kubonisa amathuba amakhulu okwahlula-hlula kwipotifoliyo enee-asethi ezininzi.

Ixabiso elipheleleyo lemarike ye-bitcoin alizange lidlule kwi-R1.9T de kwaba phakathi ku-2016. Ngoko ke, ukulinganisa ukuhambelana kwangethuba kunokuba kungathethi nto kakhulu kuba imarike ye-bitcoin yayingenabunzulu, ulwelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwexabiso kwiminyaka yokuqala, ngakumbi phambi kukaJanuwari 2018 xa kwaqala ukuthengiswa iikontrakthi zokuqala ze-bitcoin futures.

Ukusuka kwicala lembuyekezo, iFidelity yafumanisa ukuba ukusukela ngo-Agasti 1, 2010 ukuya kuMatshi 31, 2024, i-bitcoin ifumene imbuyekezo yonyaka ye-178%, ngelixa iqaphela ukuba ukusukela oko kwaqalwa ukuthengiswa kwe-futures, imbuyekezo yonyaka imalunga ne-29.6%. Kunjalo, elidlulileyo alisiqinisekiso sekamva. Kodwa, kuyacaca ukuba i-bitcoin inamandla okuphucula kakhulu imbuyekezo yeepotifoliyo.

Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso leBitcoin kudla ngokukhankanywa njengesizathu sokuba abaphathi botyalo-mali bangayifaki iBitcoin kwiipotifoliyo zabo. Le yingxelo engaqhelekanga, kuba ulawulo lokuguquguquka kwexabiso lee-asethi ezithile kwipotifoliyo luphawu oluqhelekileyo kumphathi weepotifoliyo onobuchule. Ukongeza, iFidelity yafumanisa ukuba ukuguquguquka kwexabiso leBitcoin akwahlukanga kakhulu kwiqela 'magnificent seven' lezitokhwe zetekhnoloji ezisebenza kakuhle. Ekupheleni kuka-2023, bekukho izitokhwe ze-S&P ezingama-92 eziguquguqukayo ngakumbi kuneBitcoin.

I-Fidelity yafumanisa kwakhona ukuba ukuguquguquka kwe-bitcoin kuyehla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kulindelekile njengoko imarike ikhula. Imarike enzulu kunye nolwelo olungakumbi luvumela ukungena kwemali okukhulu ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakhulu ixabiso lemarike.

Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwexabiso, okulinganiswa ngokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kwembuyekezo, kwaziwa kakuhle ngabatyali-mali njengempembelelo ye-asethi ezisebenza kakuhle. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwitheyibhile engezantsi, kwixesha ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-2024, abatyalomali bebitcoin bahlawulwe kakuhle ngokuguquguquka kwayo, bebonisa iSharpe ratio ye-0.96 xa ithelekiswa ne-0.65 ye-S&P 500. I-Sortino ratio inokuba luncedo ngakumbi, kuba ijonga kuphela ukuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kweembuyekezo ezisezantsi okanye 'ukuguquguquka okubi'. Ixabiso layo le-1.86 libonisa ukuba uninzi lokuguquguquka kule minyaka mine belusisiya phezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba bekukho ukuhla okukhulu kwexabiso ngeli xesha.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-bitcoin yimpahla enexabiso eliguquguqukayo kakhulu. Oku kulindelekile kuba iseyintsha kwaye iseluhambeni olude lokufumanisa ixabiso layo kunye nokwamkelwa ngabantu. Abatyali-mali abangengcali banamava okusingatha olu guquguquko, kwaye, ngenxa yamathuba okuba nenzuzo enkulu, bayakwazi ukulawula oku ngokufanelekileyo. Bangakwazi ukumisela isabelo esifanelekileyo, ngokuhambelana nesicwangciso sabo sokutyala imali kunye nomngcipheko abakulungeleyo ukuwuthwala. Kwaye, ukuze kuncitshiswe uguquguquko lwexesha elifutshane, ukugcina i-bitcoin ubuncinane kwisithuba esinye, somjikelo wokwahlula kabini weminyaka emi-4, kunokuba lixesha elincinci elifanelekileyo lokuyigcina.

4.2.5 Ukutshintsha Kwembali Yokubalisa

Ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2024, kubekho utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela abantu abathetha ngayo nge-bitcoin kwiimali zemveli. Imarike ingene ku-2023 isaxhathiswa kukuwa kwe-FTX. Ngenxa yoko, amacandelo amakhulu oshishino ayengayithathi i-bitcoin njengempahla enokutyalwa imali ngokwenene.

Ukusuka apho, emva konyaka omnye, indlela yokubalisa itshintshile kakhulu. Ukuvunywa kwe-SEC yase-US kweemveliso ze-Bitcoin ETF kubonisa utshintsho olukhulu kwindawo yolawulo. Le nkqubela ivula umnyango kubatyali-mali abangengcali, ibavumela ukuba bangene kweli candelo lempahla ngeemveliso ezilawulwayo, ezikhutshwe ngabalawuli beempahla abahlonitshwa kakhulu nabadala.

Emva nje kweenyanga ezilithoba zorhwebo, ii-Bitcoin ETF zathathwa njengezona zimpumelelo zinkulu kwezinye zonke ezake zakhutshwa. Emva kweekota ezimbini zorhwebo, sele zaphula iirekhodi zokutsala imali eninzi kunyaka wokuqala kunye nenani eliphezulu labatyali-mali bezoshishino.12 Emva kokuvunywa kwe-ETF kunye nempumelelo yazo kurhwebo, iinkampani ezinkulu zotyalo-mali (ezifana neBlackrock, Fidelity kunye neCantor Fitzgerald) zenza amagqabantshintshi amaninzi alungileyo malunga nekamva le-bitcoin. Oku kubeka uxinzelelo kubalawuli botyalo-mali abangekayenzi isicwangciso esicacileyo se-bitcoin.

Kuyanda ukuba kube nzima kubatyali-mali abangengcali ukungachazi ukuba kutheni bengafuni nokuba nencinci i-bitcoin, nokuba kukwizinga lokucinga. Ukongeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokubalisa luncede ekutyhileni ngakumbi inkqubo yemali ye-fiat, luvula ngakumbi ingxaki yayo ephambili - yokuba ixabiso layo lehla ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ekugqibeleni, indima yeengcali zotyalo-mali kukulawula umngcipheko. Ngoko ke, kufanelekile ukucinga ukuba 'ukungabikho kwaphela' kwe-bitcoin kuthetha ntoni ngokwembono yolawulo lomngcipheko.

Ngaba kufana nokubheja, ngokuqinisekileyo nge-100%, ukuba inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wayo iya kusilela? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba olo lulawulo lomngcipheko olufanelekileyo?

Kwihlabathi lezezimali zemveli, abathandabuzi be-bitcoin basesele baninzi. Oku akumangalisi. Eli candelo ngokwendalo lithanda ukugcina izinto zikhuselekile, lisebenza kwindawo elawulwayo kakhulu. Kule meko, kwaye phakathi kwabantu abathanda ukufana, akukho nzuzo inkulu yokuba ngowokuqala ukwamkela itekhnoloji entsha nephazamisa izinto. Enyanisweni, kunokubakho umngcipheko omkhulu womsebenzi xa uzama ukukhokelela phambili.

Nangona kunjalo, njengamanye amacandelo afana ne-inshurensi okanye ubugcisa bokwakha apho ulawulo lomngcipheko lubalulekile, imfuneko yokusebenza kakuhle kufuneka idlule iminqweno yokuba 'uchanekile'. Ngoko ke, abalawuli botyalo-mali abathandabuza i-bitcoin kufuneka bacinge nzulu ngokuba nencinci i-bitcoin, ngenxa yomngcipheko wokungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-bitcoin iqhubeka nokusebenza kakuhle kwixesha elide. Umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli ngenxa yokungabikho kwaphela kwe-bitcoin akufanele ungahoywa.

4.2.6 Impembelelo yeBitcoin kwikamva loLawulo loTyalo-mali

Kufanelekile kwakhona ukucinga ukuba yintoni impembelelo yexesha elide yokunyuka kwe-bitcoin kwiipotifoliyo enokuba nayo kushishino lolawulo lotyalo-mali.

Ingxaki yemali ye-fiat yokugcina ixabiso ibe sesona sizathu siphambili sokukhula kweshishini lolawulo lotyalo-mali ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Ukungakwazi kwemali ye-fiat ukugcina amandla okuthenga xa igcinwe kwi-akhawunti yokonga elula, kukhokelele ekwandeni kweemveliso zotyalo-mali, ezijolise kubathengi abafuna ukukhulisa okanye ukugcina amandla okuthenga.

Isiphumo esingekho ngqo sale meko kukuba iindidi eziphambili zeempahla - izitokhwe, amatyala kunye nezindlu, zitsale amaxabiso aphezulu ngenxa yokukwazi kwazo ukugcina ixabiso kwixesha elide. Ukongeza, njengoko ukwehla kwemali ye-fiat kukhawulezile, imali iye yaya kwezi mpahla ngakumbi, ekhokelela kutyalo-mali olungelolungileyo kunye namaxabiso aphazamisekileyo, anokubangela amaqamza eempahla kunye neziphumo ezingalunganga kubatyali-mali. Kuthiwa esi siphumo sikwabonakala nakwiimpahla ezizezinye ezifana nobugcisa, iimoto zakudala kunye nezinye izinto eziqokelelwayo.

Kwihlabathi elizayo apho i-bitcoin yamkelwa ngakumbi njengendawo egqwesileyo yokugcina ixabiso xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindidi zeempahla kwaye izinzisa isikhundla sayo njenge-asethi yokugcina imali yeenkampani, yintoni impembelelo enokuba nayo kumaxabiso kwezinye iindidi zeempahla?

Impembelelo yexesha elide inokuba nkulu: i-bitcoin inokuba itsale 'ixabiso lemali' kwezinye iindidi zeempahla, kancinci ekuqaleni, emva koko ngokukhawuleza njengoko iimpawu zayo ziqondwa ngakumbi. Kule meko, uninzi lweemveliso zotyalo-mali lungaphelelwa sisidingo, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ishishini lolawulo lotyalo-mali linciphe ngobukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, isabelo salo kuqoqosho lukhulu sinokuncipha size sifane nesabelo esasinalo kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo.

Kodwa ke, abaninzi abachazi bezemali abakulindelanga ukuba le meko yenzeke kungekudala - ukwamkelwa kwe-bitcoin kwihlabathi liphela yibali leminyaka emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zolawulo lotyalo-mali ezilungiselelwe sele zinegalelo elikhulu kunabo bangalungiselelwanga. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile kuzo zonke iinkampani zolawulo lotyalo-mali ukuba zibe 'noNyuko lweBitcoin' kwiirejista zabo zomngcipheko. Kwaye, nabalawuli abathandabuza kakhulu kufuneka bazibuze:

Kuthekani ukuba, njengokunyuka kwe-intanethi, asikwazi ukukhetha ukuphuma nje?

Amanqaku

1. Ukuphumelela okanye ukusilela, iBitcoin: isakhelo sokulinganisa ixabiso, Brian Leemoon, Wilkes University, Disemba 2017.
2. Imeko eQinisekileyo yeBitcoin, Matshi 2, 2018 nguVijay Boyapati iqulathe uthelekiso lweempawu zemali zeBitcoin, Igolide kunye neFiat.
3. Ixabiso elipheleleyo leBitcoin elinokubakho, Jesse Myers, Februwari 2003.
4. Zininzi izixhobo ezinikezela ngedatha kunye nemizobo yenethiwekhi yeBitcoin. Bitbo ngumzekelo omnye: https://charts.bitbo.io/index/
5. Ezona mpahla zixabisekileyo zehlabathi ngokwe-capitalisation yemarike zilandelwa apha: https://companiesmarketcap.com/assets-by-market-cap/
6. Ipotifoliyo kaNakamoto luluhlu lwezixhobo, uphando kunye nekhowudi evulekileyo enokunceda abahlalutyi bahlalutye impembelelo ye-bitcoin kwiipotifoliyo.
7. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kubandakanywa i-bitcoin kwiipotifoliyo zotyalo-mali, Fidelity Institutional
8. Umdibaniso utyhila amandla obudlelwane bengeniso phakathi kotyalo-mali. Umdibaniso ogqibeleleyo uboniswa ngexabiso elingu-1, ngelixa ubudlelwane obubi ngokupheleleyo bunexabiso elingu- -1. Umdibaniso we-0 ubonisa ukuba akukho budlelwane phakathi kotyalo-mali. Umdibaniso yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwabiwa kweempahla kwaye inokuba yindlela eluncedo yokulinganisa ukwahluka kwepotifoliyo.
9. Ukujonga Ngokusondeleyo Uguquguquko lweBitcoin, Fidelity Digital Assets
10. Izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-United States elivela kwi-TradingEconomics.com; umthombo: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statisticshttps://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-cpi
11. Ii-ETF zeBitcoin Zibhala Imbali: I-Wall Street Iyagijima, Kodwa Amathuba Asasele Kubatyali-mali Abahlakaniphileyo, Yahoo Finance, Agasti 28, 2024.

Imali ebanzi imele iseti enkulu yemali abantu kunye namashishini abayisebenzisayo ngqo ukwenza iintengiselwano phakathi kwabo, ukugcina imali yethu, kwaye bayichaze njenge 'imali' yethu
Lyn Alden

4.3.0 Intshayelelo

Xa itekhnoloji entsha ikugqugqisa, ukuba awuyinxalenye yelori, uyinxalenye yendlela.
Stewart Brand

Ububambiswano phakathi kwamashishini ezebhanki kunye nenkonzo zokuhlawula buye baba namandla ukusukela oko kwavela iibhanki. Amaziko amaninzi abandakanyeka kwinqanaba elithile kuzo zombini ezi zenzo. Kwiminyaka yoo-2020, ezona bhanki zinkulu zikwangaphakathi kuluhlu lweenkampani ezinkulu zenkonzo zokuhlawula kwaye zihlala zinobunini obukhulu bokwabelana. Umzekelo, ngoDisemba 2023, iBank of America, eyaseka iVisa ngo-1958 njengeBankAmericard, yayinesabelo esingu-1.53% kwiVisa Inc. Morgan Stanley yayinesabelo esingu-3.26% (umthombo: Wikipedia).

Kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ukubandakanyeka kweekhanki kwiintlawulo, ngaphandle kokuba ngabapapashi bemali yephepha exhaswa yigolide, kwakuphantsi kakhulu kuba uninzi lweentengiselwano lwalwenziwa ngemali. Phakathi kwenkulungwane, amacheki ephepha axhaswa ziibhanki aqala ukuvela kwaye aba yeyona ndlela iphambili yokutshintshiselana eUnited States kwiintengiselwano ezinkulu endaweni yemali. Ukuvela kwe-telegraph kwenza ukuba iWestern Union ibe ngowokuqala ukusungula inkonzo yokuthumela imali ngo-1871. Kwimbali, indima ephambili yeebhanki yayikukugcina imali ngokubonelela ngee-akhawunti zebhanki, kunye nokubonelela ngetyala kubantu nakumashishini.

Ukukhula konxibelelwano lwedijithali kunye ne-intanethi kuzise izinto ezintsha ezinkulu kwiintlawulo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenkqubo yeebhanki, iPayPal ngumzekelo wale mizekelo emitsha yonikezelo lwenkonzo yokuhlawula. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube kufika i-stable coins kwi-blockchain ledgers, inkqubo yeebhanki yayisengaphantsi kwazo zonke izisombululo zokuhlawula. USDt, eyaziwa njengeTether, ngoku ivumela ukuba inkqubo yeebhanki isuswe phakathi kwiintlawulo ezibhalwe kwaye zixabiswe yimarike njenge-US Dollars. Ukususwa kweebhanki phakathi kwentlawulo yinxalenye yetekhnoloji enokutshintsha iibhanki kunye nentlawulo. Olunye utshintsho olukhulu kwindima yeebhanki lunokukhuthazwa kukuvela nokukhula kokutshintshiselana ngexabiso okubhalwe kweyona mali yahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - bitcoin.

Injongo yale sahluko kukujonga ukuba ukukhula kweBitcoin kungathetha ntoni kumashishini eebhanki kunye neenkonzo zokuhlawula. Kwakhona ijolise ekuboneleleni ngesiseko seebhanki kunye neenkampani zeenkonzo zokuhlawula ukuze zikwazi ukuqaphela izoyikiso namathuba anokuziswa le teknoloji yokutshintshiselana ngexabiso engathathi cala, engenamvume kwaye yehlabathi lonke.

4.3.1 Umngcipheko

Ezona zizathu zibalulekileyo zotshintsho azifumaneki kwiimanifesto zopolitiko okanye kwizimemezelo zabaqoqeshi bezomnotho abathe basweleka, kodwa kwizinto ezifihlakeleyo ezitshintsha imida apho amandla esetyenziswa khona. Rhoqo, iinguqu ezincinane kwimozulu, kwindawo, kwiintsholongwane, nakwitekhnoloji zitshintsha indlela yokucinga ngobundlobongela.
James Dale Davidson

Asixhalabeli apha ngemingcipheko eqhelekileyo yezemali okanye yokusebenza amashishini eebhanki, iinkonzo zokuhlawula kunye nezinye iinkampani ekufuneka zihlale ziqaphela kwaye zilawule. Kule ndima sijonga imingcipheko yesicwangciso seshishini enokuphuma kwaye indlela ukukhula kweBitcoin kunokukhokelela kuguquko olukhulu kwishishini kube kanye kwinkulungwane. Ukuba besiza kulinganisa amashishini ngokwethuba kunye nefuthe ngokubhekiselele ekuchaphazelekeni kukukhula kwale teknoloji, iibhanki kunye nentlawulo zingabekwa phezulu kuluhlu.

Imbali igcwele imizekelo yetekhnoloji entsha etshintsha indlela uluntu lwabantu olukhula ngayo nolulawulwa ngayo. Incwadi ethi The Sovereign Individual, ebhalwe ngo-1997 nguJames Dale Davidson noWilliam Rees-Mogg, iphonononga indlela utshintsho lwetekhnoloji olukhokelele kutshintsho eNtshona ukusuka kwihlabathi elalilawulwa yiCawa ukuya kwilizwe leentshaba esihlala kulo namhlanje. Bakhomba izinto eziphambili zitekhnoloji njengokuvela kwephephandaba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepowuda yezibhamu njengamandla obundlobongela atshintsha indlela yokufumana inzuzo ngobundlobongela kwinqanaba elikhulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akukho bungqina bokuba iCawa okanye uluntu ngokubanzi lwalufuna okanye lwalukhokele utshintsho olwenzeka. Xa sijonga emva, kubonakala ngathi amandla aphuma kulawulo lweCawa kulwazi ayehla njengoko uqoqosho olutsha lususa ilungelo lwayo lokupapasha izinto ezibhaliweyo.

Iphephandaba lehlisa iindleko zokuphinda kwenziwe ulwazi, ngaloo ndlela lonyusa ukuhambelana kokwenziwa kwezinto ezibhaliweyo.

Imbali ibonisa ukuba itekhnoloji ekhokelele kutshintsho olukhulu ayizange iqale kwinkqubo karhulumente, kumaziko, kubalawuli okanye ebantwini ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zedemokhrasi. Rhoqo sibona abantu namaziko bezama ukumelana, ukuvala indlela nokulibazisa ukwamkelwa kwayo. Kwinkulungwane yama-20 oku sikubona kwiimpendulo zokuqala ekusetyenzisweni kweemoto, umbane, i-cryptography, i-imeyile kunye ne-intanethi.

Ukwamkelwa kweetekhnoloji ezintsha ziimarike kwakhokelela ekutshintsheni indlela abantu abahlala ngayo, indlela abasebenza ngayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwakutshintsha nesakhiwo sento abayithathela ingqalelo njengenkcubeko yabo, ilizwe labo okanye umbutho wabo wokukhokela. Kwiimeko ezininzi kwatshintsha ubungakanani kunye nolwakhiwo lwaloo mbutho ngokwawo. Eminye imizekelo yetekhnoloji etshintsha uluntu ngokubanzi ibandakanya ukuvela kokulima, umbane, iimoto kunye ne-intanethi.

Obu bungqina buchazwa ukuxhasa isiphelo sokuba itekhnoloji kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu komthetho. Umthetho unokulandela emva koko, kodwa indlela yokuhamba kweziganeko ibonisa ukuba imithetho ayinakuyeka okanye itshintshe utshintsho ngokwenene nangokuzinzileyo, kwaye ayinakuyibangela. Utshintsho lwemithetho luyimpembelelo yetekhnoloji entsha, hayi imbangela, kwaye izinto ezintsha zitekhnoloji azinakuvotelwa, zixelwe ngukumkani okanye zithintelwe ngaphandle kokuzilimaza.

Umthetho awukwazanga ukuthintela ukuqhubela phambili kweetekhnoloji ezininzi ezathi ngexesha lokuqala kwazo uluntu lwalufuna ukuzithintela. Xa oku kufezekisiwe, kuhlala kunciphisa ubutyebi belizwe elo ixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide.

4.3.2 Ityala kunye noYilo lweMali

Kulungile ukuba abantu belizwe abaqondi inkqubo yethu yeebhanki kunye nemali, kuba ukuba bayayiqonda ndiyakholelwa ukuba kungabakho uvukelo phambi kokusa.
Henry Ford

Uninzi lweeBhanki lubandakanyeka ekudaleni ityala kwaye oku kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nabathengi kunye nebhanki yehlabathi luxhasa umthombo omkhulu wengeniso.

U-Friedrich Hayek, ingcali yezomnotho ephumelele iNobel, waphikisa ukuba ukudityaniswa kwemali okwenzeka ngenkulungwane yama-20 kwakuyimbangela ephambili yokudityaniswa kwamazwe. Ukukhula kweBitcoin kunokubuyisela oku umva, into exhaswa ngabantu abaninzi kwaye abezopolitiko bayayithetha, kodwa kubonakala ngathi abakwazi ukuyizisa.

Ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yama-20, ookumkani, ookumkanikazi, oorhulumente babekhethiwe ngokuxhomekeka ekufumanekeni kwemali. Bahlala besebenzisa amaqhinga afana nokunciphisa ixabiso lemali okanye ukusika iinkozo zemali ukuze balwe nale ngxaki. Nangona kunjalo, kuba ezi ndlela zifuna umzamo kwaye zithatha ixesha, isithintelo sasisebenza ngandlela thile. Ubutyebi obulinganiswa yimali abuphumi phezulu, buvela kuqoqosho olwahlukeneyo. Kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ubume bemali babubonisa oku kusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, kwaye ke yayiyinyani. Ifomathi yale mali, itekhnoloji yayo ethile, yayitshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nendawo njengoko uluntu lwabantu lukhula.

Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokususwa 'kobunyani' bemali, kwagqitywa ngokwahlulwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1971 xa ukuguqulwa kwedola ibe yigolide 'kwamiswa okwethutyana'.

Ndiyalathisa uNobhala Connally ukuba amise okwethutyana ukuguqulwa kwedola yaseMelika ngaphandle kobungakanani kunye neemeko eziza kuthi zibe luncedo ekuzinziseni imali nakwimfuno ezilungileyo zaseUnited States.
Richard Nixon

Imali yitekhnoloji kwaye iBitcoin, njengemali yedijithali, inokuba yenye yezinto ezintsha ezinkulu kwimbali yoluntu.

...imali, kwisiseko sayo, yitekhnoloji njengazo naziphi na ezinye izixhobo ezisisiseko ezifana ne-wedge, lever okanye ivili.
Business Insider

Kulinganiswa ngobukhulu njengokufumanisa ukulima, umatshini wokushicilela okanye umgubo wesibhamu. Ukushiya ecaleni ubuntu, imali iyona nto ikhuthaza zonke izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ngokuzithandela kwaye ngenxa yoko kunokwenzeka ukuba isisombululo esitsha kule teknoloji sabantu abazizigidi ezisibhozo sinokuthi sibe yeyona teknoloji inefuthe elikhulu kwimbali yoluntu.

Imali ngamandla, yitekhnoloji, kwaye ngenxa yoko ingaphezulu komthetho, kwaye ngenxa yoko ngokufanelekileyo ingaphezulu nakwiziko lenkohliso yomthetho. Ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kwemali kuyaqhuba ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kwamandla.

Enye yezohlwayo ezihlawulelwa izibonelelo zokuzinza kwemali kukuba umthetho ufumanisa ungakulungelanga utshintsho olungalindelekanga noluguqukayo kwinkqubo yemali.
Phanor J. Eder

Namhlanje amazwe achaza imali enye okanye ezingaphezulu njengemali esemthethweni. Ukuba imarike ingakhetha enye into njengemali ekhethwayo apha okanye phesheya, oorhulumente banokufumana imeko apho imfuno yemali yelizwe ingaphantsi kwemfuno yemali yehlabathi, 'yokwenene' engencalu. Siza kuphinda sibone ukuba imali yokwenene yinto echazwe yimakethi enokubangela utshintsho kumthetho, kwaye ayidalwanga ngumthetho ngokwawo. Amazwe angasoloko ekhetha ukugcina imithetho yemali echaza imali engafunwayo, kodwa kungangcono ukuba acinge ngeziphumo ezizilimazayo zokwenza olo khetho :

Imbali ibonisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuzikhusela kwiziphumo zokuba abanye begcina imali enzima kuneyakho.
Saifedean Ammous

Ingxoxo engentla ibonisa indlela imali yehlabathi, engencalu nehlulwe-hluliweyo enokukhokelela ekwahlulweni kwamandla. Ngoku sijonga indlela iBitcoin, itekhnoloji yokunxibelelana ngemali ehlulwe-hluliweyo, enokuthi ibe ngumanduleli wokwahlulwa-hlulwa konxibelelwano olungengomali kunye nemithombo yeendaba.

4.3.3 Ukususwa kwabalamli kwiintlawulo

Ukuba uzama ukurhoxisa iqhwitha letyala kodwa [iibhanki] zibalulekile ngokupheleleyo kwiintlawulo kwaye ngenxa yoko kurhwebo... akukho sizathu sangaphambili... sokuba oko kufuneka [kube njalo]
Allen Farrington

Uyilo lweBitcoin, zombini kwinqanaba layo elisezantsi leblockchain, ezinye iilayer zesibini ezivulekileyo, kunye ne-apps kwinqanaba eliphezulu, luvumela abantu ukuba bathengiselane ngexabiso ledijithali ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kubantu besithathu. Bekungekho nako ngaphambili ukuba kube neentlawulo zedijithali ezingenabalamli. Nangona kunjalo, ukuyila amandla okwenza iintlawulo phakathi kwabantu akuthethi ukuba zonke okanye uninzi lweentlawulo ziya kugqibela zisenjalo. Ubungakanani apho iintlawulo ziba phakathi kwabantu njengoko iBitcoin ikhula buya kuvela kwimakethi. Imakethi, ngokuyinxenye, yenziwa ngabo banikezela ngeenkonzo, ezinokubandakanya amaziko asebhankini kunye neenkonzo zokuhlawula ezikhoyo. Ukuba la maziko awathathi nxaxheba, imakethi iya kuvela nabadlali abatsha bekhula ukuze banikezele ngeenkonzo ezifuneka.

Amandla okuthengiselana ngemali ehlulwe-hluliweyo ngedijithali ngendlela ephakathi kwabantu aza kusebenza njengolawulo ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuba nomonopoly okanye oligopoly ekuzameni ukugxila imali kunye neentlawulo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kweekhanki ezikhoyo kunye neenkonzo zokuhlawula ukunikezela ngeenkonzo akubeki semngciphekweni umxholo weBitcoin iyonke.

Ukusukela oko iindawo zokutshintshiselana ngeBitcoin zokuqala zavulwa, ziye zaba ngabagcini beemali kubaninimali abaninzi. Ngenxa yoko, naziphi na iintlawulo zeBitcoin ezenziwa kwezi ndawo zokutshintshiselana nokuba zisiya kwiwallet yomntu yokuzigcina okanye ngqo kumrhwebi ziye zaphakathi kwabalamli. Nangona kunjalo, xa sele ikwiwallet yokuzigcina, iintlawulo zinokwenziwa phakathi kwabantu kwaye abaninzi abanikazi beBitcoin bathengiselana ngale ndlela.

Uphuhliso lweLightning Network njengesisombululo sentlawulo esingabizi, esikhawulezayo nesigqityiweyo kwinqanaba lesibini lukhokelele kwiqela elitsha nelahlukeneyo labalamli beentlawulo. Banikezela ngokulula kwemali egcinwe kwiLightning enokufikelelwa ngee-apps zefowuni ukuze kwenziwe iintlawulo ezikhawulezayo nezilula ebusweni okanye kwi-intanethi ngeBitcoin. Kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu azisebenzise eyakhe i-node yeLightning yokuzigcina, kodwa leyo ifuna ulwazi lobuchwephesha olungaphezulu kunokugcina iBitcoin kwi-chain. Iiwallet zeLightning zilungele ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kuneemali ezikwi-chain, kwaye zifana neakhawunti yangoku/ yokujonga ebhankini kuneakhawunti yokonga okanye utyalo-mali. Njengeeakhawunti zangoku, nangona izizathu zifanayo, ezi wallet zihlala zigcina kuphela imali encinci efunekayo kwixesha elifutshane. Abaninzi abanikazi beBitcoin babonakalise ukuba bakhululekile ukutshintsha ukuzigcina ngokulula xa besebenzisa iLightning kuba bathatha umngcipheko omncinci kuphela.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wenkqubo

Ukugqitywa kweentlawulo ezininzi zedijithali namhlanje, nokuba intlawulo ibonakala njani, kufuna iibhanki ukuba zisebenze ngaphakathi okanye nezinye iibhanki. Oku kungenxa yendlela inkqubo yezemali ekufuneka yakhiwe ngayo njengephiramidi enebhanki ephambili phezulu, phantsi kwayo iibhanki zilawula iintlawulo zedijithali ngemali apho ibhanki ephambili inoxanduva. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa kukho ingxaki ebhankini, iziphumo zokuvumela ibhanki ukuba isilele zibeka umngcipheko kwinkqubo yeentlawulo.

Ukwenziwa kwentlawulo ngekhadi letyala, ngexesha lokuthengisa:

1. Umthengi ubonisa ikhadi ukuze ahlawule
2. Isicelo sentlawulo sithunyelwa kumphathi wentlawulo
3. Umphathi wentlawulo uthumela isicelo kumbutho wekhadi (Visa, Mastercard)
4. Umbutho wekhadi uthumela isicelo kwibhanki ekhuphe ikhadi yomthengi
5. Ibhanki ekhuphe ikhadi iyavuma okanye iyala intlawulo
6. Umbutho wekhadi uthumela impendulo kumphathi wentlawulo
7. Umphathi wentlawulo uthumela impendulo kwiterminal yomrhwebi evuma okanye iyala intlawulo

Ukugqitywa kwentlawulo, ngexesha elizayo:

1. Umphathi wentlawulo uyalela ibhanki yakhe ukuba yenze intlawulo (engenayo) kwibhanki yomrhwebi
2. Umthengi uyalela ibhanki yakhe ukuba yenze intlawulo (engenayo) kwibhanki ekhuphe ikhadi

Ukudityaniswa kwenkqubo yeebhanki kunye neentlawulo kudala umngcipheko ongafunekiyo ovela kwimfuno yezopolitiko yokusindisa iibhanki xa kukho ingxaki yetyala okanye kungenjalo uqoqosho lonke lungawa njengoko iinkqubo zentlawulo zisilela. Oku kudala umngcipheko wokuziphatha kakubi kwinkqubo yokudala ityala ngokwayo.

Ukwenziwa kwentlawulo ngeLightning Network

1. Iterminal yomrhwebi ibonisa i-QR code ye-invoyisi yeLightning
2. Umthengi uskena i-QR code ye-invoyisi kwi-wallet yakhe yeLightning kwifowuni kwaye uthumele imali
3. Uthengiselwano lugqitywa ngexesha langempela zi-node kwiLightning Network ezidlulisela iBitcoin ngothotho lwamanzi

Qaphela: le nkqubo idlulisa ulwazi kunye nemali kuphela

Ukugqitywa kwentlawulo kwenzeka ngexesha lokuthengisa

• Umrhwebi ufumana imali kwangoko xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku okanye iiveki usebenzisa iindlela ezikhoyo
• Iibhanki azifuneki
• Akukho mngcipheko wetyala
• Akukho mngcipheko wenkqubo

Ngokuvumela ukwahlulwa kwenyani phakathi komsebenzi wemali kunye nenkqubo yeentlawulo zedijithali, iBitcoin inika ithuba lokunciphisa kakhulu, ukuba kungabi kukususa ngokupheleleyo, uxhomekeko phakathi kweentlawulo zedijithali kunye neebhanki, okwenza inkqubo yezemali iyonke yomelele ngakumbi. Oku kungathetha ukuba uluntu alusayi kuphinda lujongane nengxaki yokufuneka ukwabelana ngokulahleka okwenziwe kwicandelo leebhanki okanye ukujongana nokuphuka kwenkqubo yeentlawulo zoqoqosho. Akukho qela linoxanduva lweBitcoin, nangona abantu abaninzi, iinkampani kunye nemibutho engenzi nzuzo benegalelo ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni kwayo. Ixabiso leBitcoin aliveli kwizakhiwo zamaziko, kodwa livela kwimakethi.

4.3.4 Imingcipheko

Iintlawulo

Kukho inzuzo ecacileyo kuluntu nakuzinzisweni koqoqosho ekubeni sikwazi ukwahlula iinkqubo zeentlawulo kwinkqubo yeebhanki ngokubanzi. Ukuba iibhanki bezingasayi kuba seziko kwinkqubo yeentlawulo yehlabathi, imfuno yokusindisa ezo ziba zityala ngenxa yokudala ityala elibi ingancitshiswa kakhulu. Ukuze baphumelele, iibhanki zinokuthi zibe noxanduva ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yazo yokubolekisa njengoko inkxaso ekhoyo ngoku ingancitshiswa kakhulu okanye isuswe.

Ayisiyongxaki kuphela kwingeniso ethile iibhanki eziyifumana kwiintlawulo, kodwa inefuthe elibanzi kwishishini lazo lokonga kunye nemali-mboleko.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuya kubakho iqela elahlukeneyo labanikezeli beentlawulo, kubandakanya abathengi abathile abaya kuba ngabanikezeli babo ngokusebenzisa iinkonzo zeBitcoin Lightning zabantu okanye zoluntu. Ngokungena kwabangenayo abaninzi, iibhanki kunye nabanikezeli beenkonzo zokuhlawula ezikhoyo kuya kufuneka baphuhlise iinkonzo ezinomtsalane ukuze bagcine ingeniso yabo.

Ukuthumela imali phesheya kunye nokutshintshiselana ngemali yangaphandle

Izisombululo zeBitcoin kunye ne-stable coin zinika ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kweengxaki kunye neendleko ezinxulumene neentlawulo zangaphandle kunye nokuthumela imali phesheya. Oku kunokuba yingozi enkulu kwingeniso yeebhanki kunye nabanikezeli beenkonzo zokuhlawula.

Ubungakanani beemarike zokutshintshiselana ngemali yangaphandle bukhule ukusuka phantse zero ukusukela ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukuya kwi-$7.5trn ngosuku ekupheleni kuka-2022, phantse lonke olo khula lwenzeka ukusukela ukuphela kwenkqubo yeBretton Woods ngo-1971. Iibhanki kunye nabanikezeli beenkonzo zokuhlawula bafumana ingeniso enkulu ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo kwezi marike.

https://www.cls-group.com/media/psfny5au/cls_fx_policy_02_fall_of_bretton_woods_fx_50years_afloat_shapingfx_series_oct2023.pdf

Ugcino kunye nemali-mboleko

Abathengi abasenyanzelekanga ukuba bagcine ixabiso kwiibhanki ukuze bakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kwiintlawulo. Oku asikokosongela kuphela indawo yeebhanki 'ezinkulu kakhulu ukuba zingawa' njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla kwi-3.4.1, kodwa kunokuchaphazela namandla azo okudala ityala ngendlela yemali-mboleko.

Ukuncipha kobungakanani bamatyala iibhanki ezinokuwadala kunokunciphisa kakhulu ingeniso kwiibhanki zabathengi nakwiibhanki zehlabathi.

4.3.5 Amathuba

Nangona iBitcoin yenza ukuba ugcino kunye nentlawulo engenamlamli zibe nokwenzeka, abanye abantu banokubona ixabiso ekuthengiseni umngcipheko womntu wesithathu ngenxa yokulula, nokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. Kukho ithuba elikhulu kwiibhanki nakwiinkonzo zentlawulo ukuba basebenzise ubukho babo kwimarike ukuze bavelise iimveliso eziphumelelayo ezitsala abathengi abanjalo.

Intlawulo

Indawo yentlawulo yeBitcoin ikhula ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwicala labathengisi nakwicala labathengi. Kukho amathuba amakhulu kwiibhanki nakwiinkonzo zentlawulo ukuba bavelise izinto ezintsha kumaqonga abo akhoyo ukuze bazise izisombululo zentlawulo ze-bitcoin ngendlela engenazithintelo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka ekugqibeleni, kodwa umngcipheko wokulibazisa oku uvula amathuba okuba isabelo semarike esizayo siye kubadlali abatsha abasesemva sele beqhuba kwaye besakha izisombululo ezinjalo. Ezinye zezisombululo zivulelekile (open source), ezinye zizezabucala, kwaye ezinye ziphakathi apho ikhowudi ivuliwe, kodwa abasebenzisi banokukhetha ukuyisebenzisa njengesiseko sezisombululo zabo zabucala.

Ezi zisombululo zinokuthi zibe nemida ngokweendawo okanye zifumaneke kwihlabathi lonke. Zikwabandakanya iindleko eziphantsi zentlawulo kunye nexesha elikhawulezayo lokugqitywa kwentlawulo - rhoqo ngaphantsi komzuzwana. Zisusa abalamli kwaye zigqitha kwiibhanki eziphakathi nezamazwe ukuze zinikeze iinkonzo zentlawulo ezingcono nezisebenzayo kubathengi nabathengisi.

Iintlawulo ezincinci kakhulu kunye neentlawulo ezihamba ngokuqhubekayo azinakwenziwa ngokwezoqoqosho kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zemali zangoku. Imigangatho ephezulu yeBitcoin efana neLightning Network inokuzisa ezi zakhono ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Kukho iindawo ezininzi apho uphuhliso lwezisombululo ezinjalo lunokuthi lube nefuthe elikhulu elihle ekukhuleni. Enye yezo ndawo kukuhlawula ukufunda inqaku elinye leendaba okanye ukuhlawula ngokubukela imithombo yevidiyo. Oku kunokuphucula amava omthengi ngokunciphisa intengiso engafunekiyo kwaye kukhokelele ekukhuleni kwengeniso ethe ngqo kwiinkampani zemithombo yeendaba. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba zininzi ezinye iindawo apho uphuhliso lweentlawulo ezincinci luza kongeza ixabiso kwiimveliso nakwiimarike ezikhoyo kubathengi kunye nenzuzo kubaboneleli. Zisenokwenza ukuba kuphuhliswe iimveliso kunye neemarike ezintsha ngokupheleleyo.

Oonobuchule bokufakelwa kobukrelekrele (AI agents) abakwazi ukwenza okanye ukufumana iintlawulo kwinkqubo ekhoyo kuba abanazazisi zabantu okanye zomthetho. Kukho ithuba lokukhokela nokwakha iimveliso eziza kunceda oonobuchule be-AI ukuba bathumele kwaye bamkele iintlawulo. Iibhanki ezikhoyo kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo zentlawulo banokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji enokuthi iphucule oku. Kuba le marike ayikabikho, ayisosongelo, kodwa inokuba lithuba eliphuthelweyo. IBitcoin ayifuni zazi zabantu ukuze isebenze, ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba oonobuchule be-AI baza kusebenzisa itekhnoloji eyakhelwe kwiBitcoin ukuze bafumane amandla okuthumela nokufumana iintlawulo ngexesha elizayo.

Imali ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokutshintshiselana ngemali

Kukho ithuba kwiibhanki nakwiinkonzo zentlawulo ukuba basebenzise izisombululo zeBitcoin kunye ne-stable coin ukuze benze iinkonzo zabo zibe lula kubathengi nakumashishini, banciphise iindleko, baphucule ukuthembeka kwaye banciphise ukulibaziseka kwentlawulo. Okukhawulezayo ukuba bayasebenza, kokukhona benokunciphisa 'ukulingana kwamathuba' okuziswa zezi teknoloji zintsha kwaye bagcine isabelo esihle semarike yabo yangoku. Ukuba abenzi njalo ngexesha, kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwengeniso yabo kwezi marike.

Ugcino

Iibhanki zinethuba lokuphuhlisa nokubonelela ngeeakhawunti ezintsha ezinokuthi zisuke kwelula ziye kweluntsonkothileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiingenelo zokugcina imali kubathengi. Kuya kubakho izinto abathengi abaya kuzithathela ingqalelo phakathi kokuzigcinela imali ngokwabo kunye nokulula, kwaye iibhanki zinokuphuhlisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ukwanelisa abathengi abohlukeneyo. Abathengi abaninzi banokonwaba ukuzigcinela i-bitcoin yabo ngokwabo ngelixa beneeakhawunti kwiibhanki kwezinye zeemali zabo.

Iintlobo zeeakhawunti zinokubonelela ngeengenelo ezahlukeneyo kumthengi nakumthengisi, nazi ezinye iimeko ezinokwenzeka:

• Ugcino olwabelwana ngalo ngemali yokuphatha, kodwa umboneleli akanalo ilungelo lokusebenzisa iiasethi zomthengi ekubolekiseni
• Iiakhawunti zogcino zasimahla apho umboneleli enelungelo lokusebenzisa imali ngokupheleleyo ekubolekiseni egciniweyo
• Iiakhawunti zogcino ezinengeniso kwi-bitcoin ukuba umboneleli ugunyazisiwe ukubolekisa ngokuchasene neereservi ezincinci okanye ukubonelela ngolwelo kwiimarike zorhwebo okanye kwiindlela zentlawulo.

Ityala

Kusenokubakho amathuba okwandisa iintlobo ezintsha zamatyala asekelwe kwi-bitcoin egcinwe njengesiqinisekiso. Nazi ezinye iimeko ezinokucetyiswa:

• Ityala lemali eqhelekileyo (umz. R) elisekelwe kwi-bitcoin egcinwe ngokwabelwana okanye ubungqina bolawulo
• Ityala leBitcoin elifana nelo lingasentla
• Ityala leBitcoin elingenasiqinisekiso.

4.3.6 Umsebenzi

Hlola ngononophelo izoyikiso namathuba achongiweyo.

I-Bitcoin yindlela efanelekileyo yokulwa ukwehla kwamandla emali ye-fiat. Unikezelo olulinganiselweyo lweBitcoin, isoftware evulekileyo, kunye nethungelwano elisasazekileyo kuyayichasa i-inflation. Ukongeza, njengemali yamandla, ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuze ifumaneke, oku kugxininisa ukugcina ixabiso layo elikhethekileyo.
Jack Mallers

4.4.0 Intshayelelo

Icandelo lobuchwepheshe likwicala eliphambili lokwamkelwa kweBitcoin. Njengoko kusoloko kusithiwa, kwaye kuchazwe kwisiqendu esingentla - idibanisa yonke into abantu abangayiqondiyo malunga neekhompyutha kunye nayo yonke into abangayiqondiyo ngemali. Isiqendu sikwachaza ezinye zezinto eziphambili malunga neBitcoin ekufuneka ziqondwe ukuze kubonakale ixabiso layo lokwenene. Oku kubeka icandelo lobuchwepheshe kwindawo entle yokuxhamla ekwamkelweni kwayo, kodwa kwakhona kwicala eliphambili lotshintsho oluzakwenzeka kulo lonke ixesha leshishini.

Ukuba sijonga naliphi na ishishini eliqhelekileyo oku kungathatha le ndlela:

• Isicwangciso seShishini – njani na ishishini elinokuthi lilungelelanise 
• Isicwangciso seShishini – Oku kuzakufezekiswa njani
• Yintoni ethengiswayo – Zeziphi iimveliso okanye iinkonzo kunye nezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze oku kufezekiswe
• Indlela yokuphumelela – Isicwangciso sokungena kwimarike kunye nentengiso 
• Ukhuseleko – Naziphi na iziphumo kwi-Governance, imigaqo kunye noLawulo
• Ulawulo lwetalente – ziziphi izakhono eziza kufuneka
• Impumelelo yoMthengi – Ukuzibandakanya, ukuqaliswa, ulawulo nokugcina abathengi
• Uqhambo oluqhubekayo – indlela yokuhlala uhambelana nendalo esingqongileyo etshintsha ngokukhawuleza

4.4.1 Isicwangciso seShishini – njani na ishishini elinokuthi lilungelelanise?

I-Bitcoin imele itekhnoloji entsha ekwisigaba sokwamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona ekuqaleni ingabonakali njalo, inokuchaphazela onke amacandelo eshishini naliphi na, kuquka nalawo agxile kubuchwepheshe.

Yeyona asethi yedijithali inqabileyo yokuqala kwaye idale imarike entsha ye-‘crypto-coins’ okanye ‘alt-coins’ ezizama ukulinganisa okanye ukwakha into entsha kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji esisiseko. Enye yezona zibonakalayo kwezi yi-blockchain, ebonelela ngesakhono esibalulekileyo kulawulo lwemali yedijithali, kodwa ngenye indlela ikakhulu isisombululo esikhangela ingxaki yokusombulula.

Indalo yonke yendalo esingqongileyo iyakhiwa ejikeleze iBitcoin ukuze ingabi nje imali ezinzileyo kwixesha ledijithali, kodwa neesivumelwano ezihlakaniphileyo, iinkqubo zokuhlawula kunye nezinye izisombululo ezisekelwe kule protocol.

Ukuze baqonde indlela iBitcoin enokuchaphazela ngayo ishishini labo, ababoneleli betekhnoloji kufuneka baqonde oku kulandelayo:

• Ukubethela
• I-Bitcoin njengomqalisi kunye nenkokeli kweli candelo
• I-Blockchain trilemma kunye notshintsho olufunekayo
• Imiba yokhuseleko 
• Ulawulo lwesoftware evulekileyo
• Imiba yenethiwekhi 
• I-Cryptography
• Ukusetyenziswa kunye nefuthe kubathengi – ukuhlawula njl.

Umthombo: https://www.solulab.com/cryptocurrency-tech-industry-impact/

Ukhuseleko kunye nobumfihlo - Ukubethela kunye ne-cryptography

Ukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi yeBitcoin lunamanqanaba amaninzi. Xa uthumela iBitcoin, intengiselwano ibethelwa kusetyenziswa i-SHA-256 hashing. Umsebenzi wokumba nawo usebenzisa i-hashing ukwenza ibhloko evumelekileyo rhoqo emva kwemizuzu elishumi.

Iintengiselwano zeBitcoin zingagcinwa ziyimfihlo, kodwa oku kufuna ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izakhono ezifana nalezi:

• Ukungaphindi kusetyenziswe iidilesi
• Ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwe-KYC kunye nokungasebenzisi iidilesi ze-imeyile zobuqu
• Ukusebenzisa i-wallet edityaniswe kwinode yakho
• Ukusasaza unxibelelwano lwe-on-chain ngeTor
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Lightning
• Ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-Coinjoin
• Ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware ekhuselekileyo efana neewallets

Iinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezigxile kukhuseleko zikwindawo entle yokuqonda nokusebenzisa ezi zakhono ukugcina abathengi kunye neBitcoin yabo bekhuselekile.

I-Bitcoin njengomqalisi kunye nenkokeli

I-Bitcoin yitekhnoloji yokuqala kwaye yahlala yodwa kwiminyaka yokuqala yobukho bayo. Ishishini le-crypto lakhula lijikeleze yona nabakhuphisana nayo bezama ukuyitshintsha okanye basebenzise itekhnoloji esisiseko ukwenza izisombululo ezintsha. Oku kwenzeke ngamaza okwamkelwa kwaye kwenzeke kabini kwimbali yeBitcoin njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongentla. Zombini ezi meko iBitcoin ibuyele ekubeni ngukumkani njengoko ezi ‘alt-coins’ zingakwazanga ukuzalisekisa izithembiso zazo. Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni oku kwenzeka rhoqo kuya kunceda ukukhokelela utyalo-mali lwangaphakathi kwakunye nokubonelela ngamathuba okubonisana kubathengi.

I-blockchain trilemma kunye nokutshintsha phakathi kweendlela

I-blockchain trilemma ibhekisa kumceli mngeni wokufezekisa izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji ye-blockchain: ukhuseleko, ukwandiswa, kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla.

I-trilemma icebisa ukuba ukuphucula elinye icala kuhlala kuthetha ukunciphisa amanye, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukufezekisa zonke ezintathu ngaxeshanye. I-Bitcoin iphucula ukhuseleko, apho i-hash rate ekhusele inethiwekhi iqhubeka ikhula, kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla, okuvumela inethiwekhi yehlabathi lonke engenagunya eliphakathi elilawula. Oku kwenzeka ngexabiso lokwandiswa, inani leentengiselwano ezixhaswayo ngomzuzwana liphantsi. Le ngxaki ishiywe ukuba isonjululwe kumaleko aphezulu afana ne-Lightning, ngendlela efana nendlela ye-TCP/IP enamaleko amaninzi.

Ulawulo lwesoftware evulekileyo (open source)

I-Bitcoin yiprojekthi evulekileyo (open source) kwaye ikhowudi yayo ifumaneka phantsi kwelayisensi evulekileyo (MIT), simahla ukukhuphela nokuyisebenzisa kuyo nayiphi na injongo. I-open source ithetha okungakumbi kunokusetyenziswa simahla. Ithetha nokuba i-bitcoin iphuhliswe luluntu oluvulekileyo lwabazithandayo abazinikeleyo.
Andile

Olo 'luntu oluvulekileyo lwabazithandayo abazinikeleyo' lusebenza ngokubambisana kumaqonga abaphuhlisi afana ne-GitHub. Ngamarekhodi oluntu, balungiselela uphuhliso lwesoftware ngokucacileyo. Ikhowudi kunye nembali yayo zihlala zikhona. Lonke ulungelelwaniso lunempawu ezifanayo ne-blockchain, i-ledger evulekileyo esembindini wenethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin.

Umoya we-open source ukhoyo kuyo yonke i-ecosystem ye-Bitcoin; ukusuka kubaxhasi abafana ne-Bitcoin Core kunye ne-Bitcoin Knots, ukuya kubavuni abenza izinto ngokwabo abafana ne-BitAxe, ukuya kwi-wallets ezifana ne-Wasabi, Green Wallet, okanye i-Blink.

Nabani na onobuchule kwitekhnoloji okanye inkampani angazibandakanya kwezi projekthi, ongeze ixabiso kwaye akhe izisombululo ngaphezulu kwayo.

Umthombo olungileyo wokufumana ulwazi malunga nophuhliso lwe-Bitcoin ngu Jameson Lopp, othe wazibandakanya ne-Bitcoin ukusukela kwimihla yokuqala.

Imiba yenethiwekhi

Inethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin iquka ii-node ezinxibelelana kwinethiwekhi ye-mesh enobume 'obuthe tye'. Akukho server, akukho nkonzo egxile embindini, kwaye akukho manyathelo aphezulu ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. I-node yikhompyutha edityaniswe nezinye ezilandelayo imithetho kwaye yabelana ngolwazi. 'I-full node' yikhompyutha kwinethiwekhi ye-peer-to-peer ye-Bitcoin, egcina kwaye ihlaziya ikopi epheleleyo ye-blockchain ye-Bitcoin. Ii-node zibalulekile ekugcineni inethiwekhi ye-cryptocurrency isebenza, ikhowudi yayo ifumaneka kwi-software ye-Bitcoin Core. Abavuni (miners) bayinxalenye ekhethekileyo yee-node ezenza umsebenzi wokuhashisha kwaye zenze iibhloko. Njengoko umzobo we-Lightning ubonisa ngasentla, kukho i-ecosystem yamashishini anikezela ngehardware kunye/okanye isoftware ukubonelela ngezi nkonzo, apho nayiphi na inkampani yetekhnoloji ingazibandakanya.

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nefuthe kubathengi

Njengoko umzobo ubonisa, inxalenye ye-ecosystem iquka iinkampani ezinikezela ngengqalasizinda yeentlawulo, ii-wallets, amaqela abavuni (mining pools) kunye neenkqubo ezinika ixabiso kumthengi ezifana neePodcasts kunye nee-Exchanges. Nayiphi na kwezi ndawo zinokuthi zibe ngamathuba okufunyanwa yinkampani yetekhnoloji, nokuba kukuqonda amathuba anokubakho okanye imingcipheko kwishishini elikhoyo.

Ishishini kufuneka litshintshe njani?

Ngokuqonda ezi zinto ziphambili, ishishini liya kuba kwindawo yokucinga ukuba isicwangciso esikhoyo kufuneka sitshintshe njani, umzekelo ukuphendula imibuzo ephambili echazwe kwi ‘Playing to Win’:

• Iinjongo zokuphumelela – yintoni injongo yeshishini lethu kunye neenjongo ezikhokelayo kwaye i-Bitcoin ingena njani apha?
• Siza kudlala phi? – zeziphi iindawo, iindidi zeemveliso, kunye namacandelo esinokuphumelela kuwo ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni i-ecosystem ye-Bitcoin.
• Siza kuphumelela njani? – ixabiso esilinikayo kunye nenzuzo yokhuphiswano ngokusekelwe kwizakhono zangoku.
• Zeziphi izakhono ekufuneka zikhona? – loluphi utyalo-mali oluthile kunye ne-capex efunekayo.
• Zeziphi iinkqubo zolawulo ezifunekayo? - litshintsha njani ishishini kunye neenkqubo zangaphakathi xa imali/ithrezari itshintsha ifom?

Indlela yomzekelo ingaba kukwenza uhlalutyo lwe-SWOT, olunokubandakanya:

Amandla

• Zeziphi izakhono kunye netekhnoloji ekhoyo ngaphakathi kwishishini onokuyisebenzisa kwishishini le-Bitcoin?

Ubuthathaka

• Zeziphi izakhono okanye utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo olungafuneka ukuze kujongwe ezi tshintsho?

Amathuba

• Zeziphi amashishini amatsha avelayo ajikeleze i-Bitcoin?
• Isebenza njani i-AI kunye ne-Bitcoin/Lightning kunye?

Imingcipheko

• Yintoni eyenziwa ngabo sikhuphisana nabo ukusingatha le ndawo?
• Ngaba kukhona ukhuphiswano olutsha olunokuphuma njengoko i-Bitcoin ikhula?
• Ziziphi iingozi ezidalwa yile nto kwishishini elikhoyo?

Ukwenza uhlalutyo olufanayo kusetyenziswa le okanye ezinye iindlela kuya kunceda ukuqonda indlela i-Bitcoin enokuchaphazela ngayo ishishini, kunye nezinto ekufuneka zitshintshwe.

4.4.2 Isicwangciso seshishini – oku kuya kufezekiswa njani?

Njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-ecosystem yomzekelo ye-Lightning, ishishini le-IT libalulekile kuqoqosho lwe-Bitcoin, kwaye kukho amathuba amaninzi okongeza ixabiso kuxhomekeke kwimpendulo yemibuzo ethi uza kudlala phi kwaye uza kuphumelela njani, ezifana nale:

• Uphuhliso lwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ye-Layer 2/3
• Ukuzibandakanya kuphuhliso lwesoftware evulekileyo (open source)
• Uphuhliso lwezisombululo ezintsha zehardware
• Uphuhliso lwezicelo kunye nesoftware
• Ukwenziwa kwezisombululo ze-AI kunye ne-Bitcoin
• Ukwandisa ukhuseleko lwe-IT kunye nobumfihlo kwinethiwekhi ye-Bitcoin
• Uhlalutyo lwemigodi ye-Bitcoin kunye namandla

4.4.3 Oko unokuthengisa- Zeziphi iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezinokwenziwa okanye zilungiswe ukuze zilungele le modeli yeshishini intsha?

Eminye imizekelo yeenkampani ezisungula izinto ezintsha kweli candelo zezi:

Fountain yiPodcast App enikezela ngezinto ezintsha ezininzi kwiPodcasting.

I-App idityaniswe ne-Lightning wallet eqhutywa yiCashApp okanye iStrike, evumela abasebenzisi be-app ukuba bathumele kwaye bamkele 'sats' - imali encinci ye-bitcoin.

Abaphulaphuli banokukhetha ukuhambisa iisats kumvelisi ngomzuzu ngamnye ngexesha belalele. Banokuthi baphakamise ii-podcast abazithandayo ngokuthumela iisats kumenzi wepodcast kunye nomyalezo. Ezi Boosts ziboniswa njengezimvo ukuze abanye abaphulaphuli bafunde baze baphendule kuzo. Xa uthumela iBoost iya kubonakala kwiphepha lomboniso kunye ne-episode phantsi kwemicimbi. Okukhona uphakamisa, kokukhona ibonakala phezulu kwiphepha le-episode. Iya kubonwa nangabanye abasebenzisi abakulandela kwiFountain kwiDiscover feed yabo.

Abenzi beepodcast ke ngoko banokufumana iisats nge-lightning ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwabaphulaphuli, kwaye banokukhetha ukwabelana ngokuzenzekelayo nabanye abancedisi kumboniso.

Kumsebenzisi, umzuzu ngamnye ochithwe ekusebenziseni umxholo, ekudaleni umxholo, okanye ekubukeni iintengiso, wongeza ixabiso leqonga elisetyenziswa... Cinga ngezo zisetyenziswa yonke imihla. Youtube, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok - onke la maqonga angalahlekelwa lixabiso ngaphandle kwexesha nengqwalasela enikelwa kuwo, kodwa akukho nanye ehlawulayo umsebenzisi ngokuhlala. Kwi-app yeFountain, abasebenzisi banokufumana imivuzo ngokuthanda, ukulalela umxholo okhuthazwayo okanye ngokulula ngokuphulaphula ipodcast.

Iinkampani zinokucinga ngokujika imali yentengiso – eyaziwayo ukuba i-50% yayo idla ngokuchithwa kodwa kunzima ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi i-50% – ukuze zamkele imodeli efanayo.

MicroStrategy Incorporated yinkampani yaseMelika ebonelela ngeenkonzo zobukrelekrele beshishini, isoftware ephathwayo kunye neenkonzo ezisekelwe efini. Le nkampani iphuhlisa isoftware yokuhlalutya idatha yangaphakathi neyaphandle ukuze yenze izigqibo zeshishini kunye nophuhliso lwezicelo eziphathwayo.

NgoAgasti 2020, iMicroStrategy yatyalomali kwi-bitcoin eyi-$250 million njenge-asethi yokugcina imali yenkampani, isithi ingeniso yemali iyehla, kwaye ngoku isebenzisa i-bitcoin ukubonelela ngenkuthazo kubasebenzi. I-MicroStrategy yenye yeenkampani eziphambili kuphuhliso nasekuphunyezweni kwezisombululo kweli cala, kwaye ngo-2023, iMicroStrategy yabhengeza inani leminikelo kweli candelo:

• Ukuvuzwa kwabasebenzi ngokuzimasa iincoko zevidiyo. Ngokudibanisa i-lightning neZoom, xa iintlanganiso kunye neengqungquthela zicwangcisiwe, njengemini yenkampani, abasebenzi abaya baze bahlale ixesha lonke lewebinar bafumana iiSATs.
• Ukuvuzwa ngokwabelana ngolwazi ngokudityaniswa neSalesforce. Abasebenzi bahlawulwa ngokubonelela ngolwazi oluncedisayo ngendlela yamacandelo anokufundwa ngabathengi ukuphendula imibuzo abanayo malunga neemveliso zeMicroStrategy. Abasebenzi bahlawulwa nangokuphendula imibuzo ngexesha langempela ngeesats.
• Ukuvuzwa ngokusebenzisa umxholo ngokudityaniswa neWistia. Umxholo wevidiyo owenziwe liqela lentengiso, ochaza umbono kunye nomsebenzi weMicroStrategy, kunye nengxelo yabathengi ngendlela iimveliso zenkampani eziluncedo ngayo, zibanjwe kwiWistia ngelixa abasebenzi behlawulwa ngokusebenzisa lo mxholo. Injongo kukunceda abasebenzi "baqonde umbono, baqonde izakhono ezintsha zemveliso, kwaye baqonde indlela abathengi bethu abasebenzisa ngayo iimveliso zethu" ngelixa bevuzwa ngeSats.
• Imivuzo yokufunda ngokudityaniswa neAdobe LMS. Abasebenzi beMicroStrategy bathe ngenxa yokubaluleka kophuhliso lomntu ngamnye kwinkampani, inkqubo yokufunda yenziwe yadityaniswa neAdobe Learning Management System, esebenza kunye neLightning reward.

IMicroStrategy ithe ezi zakhono ziya kufumaneka kubathengi beqonga leMicroStrategy.

Ukusukela kutyalo-mali lokuqala kwi-bitcoin, iMicroStrategy ityalile kakhulu ukuze ibe ngomnye wabagcini abakhulu be-bitcoin, kwaye ibone izabelo zayo zigqwesa kwezinye iinkampani ezikwishishini elifanayo. Ukunyuka kwexabiso le-stock options eziphethwe ngabasebenzi kuchazwe kudliwanondlebe njengento enefuthe elihle ekugcinweni kwabasebenzi.

Umthombo: https://cryptotvplus.com/2023/05/how-microstrategys-sats-rewards-spark-employee-motivation/

Njengoko le mizekelo mibini ibonisa, ukusebenzisa iBitcoin kunye neLightning kunika amathuba hayi nje kuphela ekunikezeleni imivuzo yangaphakathi kubasebenzi kodwa nakwiinkonzo zangaphandle. Iinkampani zetekhnoloji zikwindawo entle yokwamkela ezi zinto ngokwazo, kunye nokunceda abathengi bazo ukuphumeza izisombululo.

Iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezinokunikwa zixhomekeke kakhulu kwicandelo letekhnoloji ishishini apho inkampani ibandakanyeka khona, kodwa eminye imizekelo yile:

• Iinkampani zeSoftware - Intlawulo ye-SaaS subscription usebenzisa i-SATS streaming
• Ababoneleli bokhuseleko – iinkonzo ezijolise ekufumaneni i-cryptojacking
• MSPs – Iinkqubo zemfundo yeBlockchain/Bitcoin zabathengi
• Amaqumrhu onxibelelwano lwentlalo - ahlawulise ukusetyenziswa endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwingeniso yentengiso
• Hambisa iisats kubasebenzisi (umzekelo, ngokuzalisa iisaveyi okanye ngokuchitha ixesha eqongeni okanye kwiwebhusayithi) endaweni yokuchitha imali kwintengiso kunye nentengiso
• Iinkampani zeFinOps zamkela iindlela zeBitcoin kwiintlawulo
• Ababoneleli beeData Center banikezela ngezisombululo zobushushu/zemigodi ye-AI/BTC
• Iinkampani zobushushu zifaka imigodi
• Iinkampani zamandla ahlaziyekayo zifaka imigodi

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba utyalo-mali olukhulu lwenziwe kwi-'alt-coins' ezithe zathi ziyilelwe ukubonelela ngezisombululo ezintsha nezitsha, kodwa azikaphumeleli ukufumana inkxaso yokwenyani ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ezona zimvo zingcono kwezi zinokuthi ekugqibeleni zifike kwiBitcoin network.

4.4.4 Indlela yokuphumelela – isicwangciso sokungena kwimarike kunye nentengiso

Isicwangciso sentengiso yedijithali kufuneka sibandakanye isicwangciso sokusebenzisa amajelo e-intanethi ukwakha ubukho kwi-intanethi kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo ezithile zentengiso. Ekugqibeleni, injongo kukunyusa ukubonakala kweshishini kwaye kutsalwe abathengi abatsha kusetyenziswa amajelo ahlukeneyo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwimizekelo engentla, iintlawulo ezincinci eziphazamisa imarike zinokwenza iimodeli ezintsha zentengiso zibe semgangathweni.

Isicwangciso sentengiso kunye nesicwangciso kufuneka silungiswe ukuze sibandakanye amanyathelo anxulumene neBitcoin avunyelwene ngawo, kunye neenjongo ezicacileyo nezichaziweyo.

Iinjongo zinokuba zezi:

• Ukuseka ubunkokeli bokucinga ngeBitcoin kwicandelo letekhnoloji elinxulumene neshishini
• Ukutsala abathengi abatsha ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezijolise kwiBitcoin
• Ukonyusa ukuqonda kwegama lophawu kwindawo yeBitcoin

Isicwangciso sentengiso sinokubandakanya amanyathelo anje:

• Yakha iphepha elitsha lewebhusayithi elijolise kwiBitcoin kunye/okanye iLightning
• Faka imiyalezo yeBitcoin kwiiphulo zentengiso ezikhoyo
• Ukwazisa iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neBitcoin
• Khulisa abalandeli kumajelo onxibelelwano ajolise kumxholo weBitcoin
• Ukuncedisa kwisoftware evulekileyo yomthombo
• Sebenzisa ithuba lokuhambisa iisats ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa komxholo wentengiso okanye wemfundo

4.4.5 Ukhuseleko – naziphi na iimpembelelo kuLawulo, imigaqo kunye neemfuno zokuthotyelwa

Ngaba ukusetyenziswa kweBitcoin kunye nezinye iiprothokholi zomthombo ovulekileyo kuchaphazela indlela esicinga ngayo ngomngcipheko we-IT kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo?

Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo-mthetho kubalulekile kwimpumelelo ye-Bitcoin, ethembele kwi-hashing, i-cryptography kunye nokufihla ulwazi. Njengomgaqo-nkqubo ovulekileyo, ikhowudi iyafumaneka kuye nabani na ofuna ukuyijonga aze enze igalelo kuyo. Iinkampani zobuchwepheshe zinokubakho kwindawo efanelekileyo yokwenza igalelo kule nkqubo.

Kuxhomekeke kwizisombululo ezikhethiweyo ezijolise kuyo inkampani, kusenokubakho neminye imiba yokhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo-mthetho ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, njengemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali okanye ubumfihlo babathengi.

4.4.6 Ulawulo lwetalente – ziziphi izakhono ezintsha eziza kufuneka

Uninzi lwabantu bokuqala abasebenzisa i-Bitcoin bavela kwishishini le-IT, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba abo baqala basebenzisa le nkqubo babefuna ukuba nenqanaba eliphezulu lolwazi lobuchwepheshe ukuze baqonde indlela i-Bitcoin ekhupha ngayo ukhuseleko kunye nokunqongophala.

Njengoko kuchaziwe kwintshayelelo, kusekho umbono wokuba i-Bitcoin idibanisa yonke into ongayiqondiyo ngekhompyutha kunye nayo yonke into ongayiqondiyo ngemali. Le yokugqibela inokuba yinto efuna uqeqesho olungakumbi lwangaphakathi, kodwa ishishini lobuchwepheshe libekwe kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa namanye amashishini ekuchongeni nasekunikezeleni izakhono ezifanelekileyo ezifunekayo. Kuxhomekeke kwindawo ethile egxilwe kuyo, izakhono zobuchwepheshe ezintsha zinokufuneka zichongwe malunga nonxibelelwano, ukufihla ulwazi okanye i-cryptography ngaphakathi kwenkampani.

Ukuqonda imiba yezobuchwepheshe ye-Bitcoin nako kusweleka ngokubanzi, kwaye iinkampani zobuchwepheshe zibekwe kakuhle ukunceda ukufundisa imarike.

Ukuze bakwazi ukuhambisa uqeqesho olusebenzayo nolufanelekileyo kwinkqubela yangaphakathi kunye nenkxaso kwakunye nemarike, imiba yezemali ye-Bitcoin nayo kufuneka iqondwe. Oku kusenokungangeni kuluhlu lwezinto ezilula kwinkampani egxile kubuchwepheshe, kodwa kuyakufuneka ukuze kunikwe uqeqesho olusebenzayo kubathengi abanokubakho malunga nokuba kutheni kubalulekile kwaye kutheni iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezintsha ezinikwa yinkampani zixabisekile.

4.4.7 Ulawulo lwabathengi – ukunxibelelana, ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa

Injongo ephambili yazo zonke iinkampani kukuzisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kubathengi abajolise kubo baze baguqulele oko kwinzuzo. Iinkampani zobuchwepheshe zihlala ziseka 'Iqela lempumelelo yomthengi' eligxile kulawulo lomthengi ngamnye kulo lonke ixesha lobomi, ukusuka ekwakheni ulwazi ukuya kukhetho, ukufakwa kunye nolawulo lwabathengi, ekugqibeleni nokunyaniseka.

Nokuba lo msebenzi ulawulwa njani, ngoku kuya kufuneka udibanise i-Bitcoin. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Iindibano zoqeqesho lwabathengi malunga ne-Bitcoin
• Ugalelo kuphuhliso lweenkonzo oluvela kubathengi
• Ukuthengisa iinkonzo ezintsha ezinxulumene ne-Bitcoin kubathengi abakhoyo
• Ulawulo lwaneliseko lwabathengi oluhlobene neenkonzo ezintsha
• Ukuqokelela izifundo zamatyala kunye nobungqina obuhlobene nezisombululo ze-Bitcoin

Oku kuya kufuna izakhono ezintsha kwaye mhlawumbi iinkqubo ezintsha kufuneka zisekwe.

4.4.8 Uqambi-zinto ezintsha

I-Bitcoin isesekuqaleni kokwamkelwa kwayo kunye nophuhliso, kwaye ngenxa yoko ikwiqonga elikhawulezayo lotshintsho oluqhubekayo kwiindawo ezininzi zeshishini. Kubalulekile ke ngoko kwinkampani yobuchwepheshe ukuba ihlale ingaphezulu kolu tshintsho ukuze ihlale ifanelekileyo kwishishini. Njengoko ishishini lobuchwepheshe sele likhula ngesantya esiphezulu, inkcubeko yokuqamba izinto ezintsha rhoqo kufuneka sele ikhona, kwaye i-Bitcoin kufuneka idityaniswe kule nkqubo.

4.4.9 Isishwankathelo

I-Intanethi yanyusa 'isebe le-IT' ukuya kwi-C-Suite ngokusebenzisa indima ye-CTO njengoko kwacaca ukuba i-IT ayisiyonto 'yokusebenza kuphela' kodwa itshintsha (okanye iyaphelelisa) iindlela zokusebenza. I-Bitcoin iyakha oku ngakumbi njengoko itshintsha icala lezemali leshishini. Yonke inkampani enkulu/ephezulu ngoku yishishini lesoftware kwaye, kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweyi-15 ezayo, yonke inkampani inokuba yishishini le-Bitcoin nayo.

Iinkampani zobuchwepheshe zibekwe kakuhle ukuze ziqonde kwaye zixhamle kolu kwamkelwa kwe-Bitcoin. Oku kungathatha iindlela ezininzi ngokuxhomekeke kwiprofayili yenkampani kunye nemarike ejolise kuyo, kodwa kuya kufuna inqanaba lokuqonda kunye notyalo-mali kwiindawo ezininzi zenkampani ukuze iphumelele.

4.5.0 Intshayelelo

Ndicinga ukuba i-Intanethi iza kuba yenye yezinto eziphambili eziza kunciphisa indima karhulumente. Into enye esele ingekho, kodwa ezakuphuhliswa kungekudala, yimali ethembekileyo ye-elektroniki, indlela apho kwi-Intanethi unokuthumela imali ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-B ngaphandle kokuba u-A uyamazi u-B okanye u-B uyamazi u-A. Njengendlela endinokuthatha ngayo ibhili ye-R400, ndiyinike kuwe, kwaye akukho ngxelo yokuba ivela phi. Unokuyifumana loo mali ungazi ukuba ndingubani.
Milton Friedman

Iinkampani ezininzi kunye nabantu abaninzi abaqondanga ukubaluleka kwe-intanethi xa yaqala, kwaye baqhubeka bengayiqondi njengoko yaphuhliswa ukuze inikeze uluhlu olubanzi lwezakhono esizithatha lula namhlanje, eziguqule kakhulu imiba emininzi yobomi bethu. Abasebenzisi bokuqala - ngexesha lale quote - ababelwa ukuthumela ii-imeyile kwi-modem ecothayo ye-dial-up babeya kuba nzima ukucinga behamba nesixhobo esiphathwayo esinika ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezifumanekayo namhlanje.

Itekhnoloji yeLifu nayo yaphazamisa ngendlela efanayo, yaqala ngokwaziswa kweenkonzo zokugcina ulwazi ezisisiseko kwiminyaka embalwa phambi kokuba kuqalwe iBitcoin, ekuqaleni yayijongwa njengohlobo olwahlukileyo lokugcina ulwazi ngaphandle kwendawo, kodwa yaba liqonga eliphambili lokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo ze-IT kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa izakhono ezintsha kunye neempawu ngesantya esikhawulezayo esinzima ukusilandela.

Ikhonkco elilahlekileyo lokuvula inqanaba elilandelayo lexabiso kwi-intanethi, njengoko uFriedman wayekhe wakutsho kwangethuba, yimali ethembekileyo yedijithali efana nemali esetyenziswayo ukuhlawula ixabiso elihanjiswe kwi-intanethi, into eyenziwa yiBitcoin. Ikhule ngokwendalo, ngaphandle kwephulo lentengiso okanye iinkampani ezinkulu ezisemva kwayo, ngesantya sokwamkelwa esikhawulezayo kune-intanethi ukuze ibe 'yi-e-cash' uFriedman wayeyibona njengelikhonkco elilahlekileyo. Ivumela abantu kunye neenkampani ukuba bathengiselane kwihlabathi liphela ngaphandle kwemvume okanye iinkqubo ezivela kuRhulumente. Iza kuvula igagasi elitsha leentshukumo ezintsha kunye nentsebenziswano kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye iinkampani eziqonda oku kwaye zikwamkele kwangoko ziya kuba ngabaxhamli abakhulu.

4.5.1 IBitcoin kubanikezeli beenkonzo zobungcali

Iinkonzo zobungcali zihlala zichaza amashishini anikezela ngeenkonzo kunye nobuchule endaweni yemveliso eyenziweyo. Ukuba ungomnye wabo, le sahluko ichaza impembelelo enokubakho kweli shishini, indlela yokuba nokuba nemali yedijithali ethembekileyo ekhoyo kwihlabathi liphela kunokuchaphazela indlela oshishina ngayo, kunye neentlobo zeenkonzo ezinokunikwa ukuze kufumaneke amathuba kule nkqubela.

Kutheni ucinga ngeBitcoin?

IBitcoin inokuvula iindlela ezintsha zeenkonzo ezikhoyo, ichaphazele indlela iinkonzo zangoku ezimele zilungelelanise ngayo, kwaye inike ithuba lokwakha iinkonzo ezintsha ezisondeleyo ezisekelwe kubuchule bakho bangoku kunye nolwazi lweshishini.

Ukongeza iBitcoin kwingxoxo nabathengi bakho abakhoyo

Kwimeko yangoku, iBitcoin isasebenza ngakumbi kwi-B2C. Inkampani yeenkonzo zobungcali enabathengi abafana neehotele okanye amatyathanga eerestyu ingacebisa abo bathengi ukuba bafake iintlawulo zeBitcoin kubathengi babo bokugqibela.

Njengoko imarike ikhula, ukongeza iBitcoin njengendlela yokuhlawula kwiinkonzo zabo kunokubonisa izakhono zabo kweli candelo. Abanini beBitcoin badla ngokufuna kwaye basebenzise iinkonzo ezivela kwiinkampani abanokuhlawula kuzo ngeBitcoin.

Indlela iBitcoin enokuchaphazela ngayo iinkonzo ezikhoyo

Kumashishini eenkonzo zobungcali, ukunyuka koqoqosho lweBitcoin kunokufuna indlela yokusebenzisana ngakumbi apho abathengisi, ababoneleli, abathengi kwanabo bakhuphisana nabo baya kuba notshintshiselwano olucacileyo lwedatha kunye nolwazi kwinkqubo ababelana ngayo. IBitcoin imalunga nenkqubo esebenzayo, ilungelelanisa amathuba kwaye iphinde isasaze amandla kunye noxanduva kwabo basebenzisana ngaphakathi kwayo. Umzekelo, iNostr (Amanqaku kunye nezinye izinto ezithunyelwa nge-relay) liqonga elitsha lemidlalo yoluntu elinika unxibelelwano ngqo phakathi koluntu lomsebenzisi ukuze kutshintshiselwane ngolwazi kunye nexabiso kusetyenziswa iBitcoin.

Njengendlela iLifu evumele ngayo intsebenziswano yehlabathi kwaye yanika ukufikelela okukhulu kwizixhobo ze-IT kubathengi abaninzi, iBitcoin inokuvumela ukufikelela kwimali evulekileyo necacileyo kubantu behlabathi liphela. Amaziko eenkonzo zobungcali aza kufuneka ajonge izisombululo abanazo ukuze acinge ngendlela olu tshintsho lunokuchaphazela ngayo indlela abanikezela ngayo ngeenkonzo kunye neemveliso zabo kubathengi.

Iinkonzo ezintsha ezisekelwe kwinkqubo yeBitcoin

Ukongeza ekuchaphazeleni iinkonzo ezikhoyo, iBitcoin kunye nenkqubo eyakhiwe phezu kwayo inika ithuba lokudala iinkonzo ezintsha njengemithombo yengeniso eyongezelelweyo okanye entsha ngokupheleleyo kumashishini eenkonzo zobungcali. Eminye imizekelo yale nto inikwe ngezantsi:

Ubugcisa bokubalwa kwezimali

Imvelaphi

Nangona iBitcoin ingengomxholo oqhelekileyo kubagcini-mali bamashishini amakhulu, ukuqonda okungakumbi ngeBitcoin kunokunceda ukuchaza ukuba kutheni abagcini-mali bamashishini amakhulu, abathengiswa esidlangalaleni, beqalile ukuyamkela kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Iimpawu ezininzi zeBitcoin, ezifana nokubakho kwe-21 yezigidi kuphela kunye nokunqongophala okuqinisekisiweyo kwi-blockchain kawonke-wonke, kunokuyenza ibe yindawo yokugcina ixabiso enqwenelekayo. Eli candelo libalulekileyo lephothifoliyo linokusebenza njengesikhuseli esixabisekileyo ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwemali mboleko karhulumente, ukwehla kwamandla emali, kunye nemingcipheko yezopolitiko. Njengoko abagcini-mali bamashishini bejamelene nemimoya emitsha yezoqoqosho, iimpawu ezizodwa zeBitcoin ziye zaba luncedo.

Ngokwesiko, amagumbi ezimali amashishini aye alawula imali ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuyabela uninzi lwemali kwizinto ezithathwa njengezisezantsi emngciphekweni (umzekelo, iidiphozithi zebhanki, iimali zemarike yemali, amaphepha-mali karhulumente, amaphepha orhwebo, kunye nezivumelwano zokuthenga nokuthengisa). Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezingaqinisekanga zoqoqosho ezifana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso, amanqanaba enzala, kunye nemingcipheko yezopolitiko eninzi zinokubangela ukuba amashishini aqwalasele ukuba ezi ndlela zisasebenza na.

Umhlalutyi nothatha inxaxheba kwezemali uLyn Alden uchaza iintlobo ezintathu zokunyuka kwamaxabiso: ukunyuka kwemali, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto zabathengi (CPI). Ukunyuka kwemali (ukwanda kwesixa semali esikhulu njengoko kulinganiswa yi-M2) akusiqinisekisi kodwa kusisikhokelo sokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto (ukwanda kwexabiso kunye nokuxabiseka kwezinto ezityalwayo) kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto zabathengi (ukwanda kwamanqanaba amaxabiso ezinto ezingezizo ezemali kunye neenkonzo).

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweshishini, amashishini anokuchaphazeleka kukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto zabathengi. Umzekelo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kwexabiso lempahla ishishini elinokufuna ukuyityala okanye ukuyithenga, kwaye ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto zabathengi kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kweendleko zesitokhwe xa kuthelekiswa namandla okuthenga kwemali.

Kutheni Abagcini-mali Bamashishini Banokufuna Ukutyala Imali kwiBitcoin

Iinkampani zeenkonzo zobungcali kufuneka ziqaphele inani elikhulayo lamashishini afaka iBitcoin kwiibhile zawo zemali, kwaye kutheni, umzekelo iMicroStrategy, kunye neMetaplanet. Ukuqonda izibonelelo zokusebenzisa ibhalansi yemali yakho njengendlela yokunyusa ixabiso labanini zabelo kongeza ixabiso kwicebiso elinokunikwa yinkampani yeenkonzo zobungcali kubathengi bayo.

Imigaqo

Uphuhliso oluninzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo kwihlabathi liphela malunga neempahla zedijithali lwenze abatyali mali bazive bekhuselekile ngakumbi xa betyala kwiBitcoin. Ngokwanda kwedatha yemarike kunye nembali yamaxabiso, imigaqo-nkqubo enobuhlobo kwiimpahla zedijithali efana ne-European Union's (E.U.) Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) legal framework, kunye nemvume ye-U.S. SEC yokuthengisa imveliso yeBitcoin etsalwe ngexabiso lentengiso ngoJanuwari 2024 inike abatyali mali kunye neenkampani ukuqinisekisa kunye nokuqonda abebekufuna.

Utshintsho Lomthetho weFASB kwiAccounting

NgoDisemba 2023, iBhodi yeMigangatho yeAccounting yezeMali (FASB) yahlaziya imigaqo yayo malunga nendlela iinkampani ekufuneka zibale ngayo kwaye zixele ngeBitcoin kunye nezinye iimpahla zedijithali kwiibhile zazo zemali. Le migaqo mitsha ixhamla iinkampani ezibambe iBitcoin ngokubavumela ukuba basebenzise i-accounting yexabiso lentengiso, ekugqibeleni ivumela iinkampani ukuba zonyuse ixabiso lempahla ngokwemarike. Ngaphambili, iinkampani zazivunyelwe kuphela ukwehlisa ixabiso lempahla zedijithali. Imigaqo emitsha inokuveza umfanekiso ongcono weengxelo zezezimali zenkampani kunye nempilo yezezimali ngokubonisa umfanekiso ochanileyo wexabiso leBitcoin elibanjwe.

Ukusebenza Kwexabiso leBitcoin Ngokuhamba Kwexesha

Njengomsebenzi wengcinga, cinga ukuba ibhalansi yemali yenkampani ephakathi kwi-S&P 500 ibinokujonga njani ukuba batyale nje i-1% yebhalansi yabo kwiBitcoin kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo. Sicinga ukuba ubungakanani bebhilansi yemali yi-R180 billion, cinga ukuba i-1% (R1.8 billion) yatyalwa kwiBitcoin ngoJuni 2019 xa ixabiso lingu-R180,000. Nangona bekukho ukwehla kokuqala kunye namaxesha okungazinzi, isikhundla seBitcoin besiya kuphinda siphile kwaye sikhule sibe malunga ne-R12.6 billion ngoJuni 2024. Nangona inkampani inokuba neengxaki zexesha elifutshane kwinzuzo, ukusebenza kwezezimali kwexesha elide kwenkampani kuya kuphucuka kakhulu, ngakumbi ngexesha lokunyuka kwamaxabiso elandelwe yi-COVID-19.

Amathuba

Imeko yoqoqosho engazinzanga kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okukhulu okwangoku kuye kwatyhala abagcini-mali bamashishini abacinga phambili ukuba baqwalasele ukufaka iBitcoin kwiibhile zabo zemali. Uthotho lokwabelana ngebhalansi yemali kwiBitcoin oluvela kwiBlock Inc., MicroStrategy, Stone Ridge Holdings Group, nabanye lubonisa umkhwa onokuthi uqhubeke ukhule njengoko amashishini ecinga umngcipheko wokuncipha kwemali ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanqanaba enzala kunye nelahleko enokwenzeka yamandla okuthenga kwemali ngenxa yezenzo zeebhanki eziphambili zemali kunye nezezimali.

Iinkampani ezikhetha ukwabela kwiBitcoin zinokuxhamla kukunyuka kwexabiso ngenxa yokuba ixabiso leBitcoin linyuka ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye oonobugcisa bokubalwa kwezimali abaqonda izibonelelo ezinokubakho kunye neziphumo zale ndlela banokuxhamla.

Iinkonzo zezezimali

Imvelaphi

Ukudibana kweshishini leenkonzo zezezimali kunye netekhnoloji kudale inqanaba elithile lokungaqinisekanga, kunye nezinto ezintsha ezifana netekhnoloji yokuhlawula phakathi kwabantu eziphazamisa iziseko, ukusebenza kunye neemodeli zeshishini.

Nangona ezi zinto zintsha zikhokelela kwizisombululo ezijolise ngakumbi kubathengi ngexabiso eliphantsi, zikwabeka uxinzelelo olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kumaziko ezemali ukuba aphendule ngokukhawuleza kwaye abe nekhono lokutshintsha.

Ishishini leTekhnoloji yezeMali (Fintech) liquka uluhlu olubanzi lweenkampani ezisebenzisa itekhnoloji ukuhambisa iinkonzo ezintsha ezifana neentlawulo ezikwi-intanethi, usetyenziso lweselula, rhoqo zisebenza ngemali yesintu kunye neenkqubo zokuhlawula.

Iimali zedijithali zisebenzisa i-blockchain kunye ne-cryptography ukuhambisa iimali zedijithali ezizezinye, ezilungiselelwe ukubonelela ngokucaca, ukhuseleko kunye notshintshiselwano olungenamda. Le marike iye yaphuhliswa kwiminyaka eliqela ukudala izisombululo ezahlukeneyo kwaye isisiseko seMali yeDijithali yeBhanki Ephambili (CBDCs) ephuhliswa ngooRhulumente kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kukhokelele ekudidekeni kwimarike kuba izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zikhuphisana ngengqwalasela yamashishini noRhulumente. Akukho nanye kwezi zisombululo inika izibonelelo ezinqwenelekayo zemali engaphantsi kolawulo, evulekileyo, kwaye ingafuni mvume ngaphandle kweBitcoin.

Amathuba

• Uthumelo lwemali lwamazwe ngamazwe (FX): Iindlela zemali ezikhoyo ngoku zokuthumela imali kwihlabathi jikelele zibiza kakhulu, zinzima kwaye zicotha, kwaye azifumaneki kubo bonke abanokuthi bazisebenzise. Oku kuvula amathuba okunikela ngotshintshiselwano lwemali olungabizi, olucacileyo nolusebenzayo phakathi kwamaqela amabini naphi na emhlabeni. Oku kungase kusekelwe kwi-US Dollar kusetyenziswa izisombululo ezifana ne-USDT (Tether), okanye kusetyenziswa i-bitcoin ngokuthe ngqo nge-Lightning Network.
• Iinkonzo zokubonisana: Ukwamkelwa kweBitcoin njengesona sisombululo silungileyo sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi – ukuqonda iimpawu eziphambili zeBitcoin njengendawo yokugcina ixabiso kunye nenkqubo ejikeleze yona – kuvula amathuba okunika iinkonzo zokubonisana kubathengi ngendlela abanokuxhamla ngayo ekwamkeleni i-bitcoin, kunye nokuyithelekisa nezinye iindlela.

Inkonzo yokuhlola kunye nokuqinisekisa

Imvelaphi

Itekhnoloji ye-blockchain inamandla okuchaphazela yonke inkqubo yokugcina iirekhodi, kubandakanya nendlela iintengiselwano eziqalwa, ziqhutywa, zigunyaziswa, zigcinwa kwaye zixelwa ngayo. Oku kungachaphazela imisebenzi efana nokuxelwa kwezemali kunye nokuxelwa kwerhafu. Oogqirha beeakhawunti kufuneka baqonde itekhnoloji esetyenziswa ukudala nokuqinisekisa iintengiselwano zeBitcoin kunye nendlela ezi zigcinwa ngayo kwi-ledger ye-blockchain xa kuthelekiswa ne-ledger zemveli.

Nangona ingaphandle komda wale module, ezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kumbono we-blockchain zikhona, ezifana ne-CBDC, 'stablecoins' kunye nezinye izisombululo ezigxile kwi-smart contract. Ukuqonda ezi zisombululo kunye nefuthe elinokubakho xa umxhasi ekhethe ukuzisebenzisa kuya kufuna nokuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Olu lwazi luya kuba lubalulekile ekuphenduleni imibuzo enjengokuba zisebenza ngendlela ezimeleyo nezivulelekileyo okanye 'ezinemvume' kwaye zilawulwa liqela labanini beprotocol, njengomzekelo kulawulo lwekhonkco lonikezelo. Oku kuya kuchaphazela ukuba zeziphi iindlela zokuqinisekisa ezifunekayo ukuze kufumaneke umkhondo wokuhlola osebenzayo.

• Izikript kontrakthi (Smart contracts): I-smart contracts yindlela yokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokwenza izivumelwano kunye nokuvumela ukongamela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezithembiso zesivumelwano ngaphandle kongenelelo oluninzi lomntu. Uzenzekelayo lunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, lunciphise ixesha lokuhlawula kunye neempazamo zokusebenza. Kuba ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-smart contract kufuna uguqulelo lwazo zonke iimeko zesivumelwano zibe yilogic, kunokuphucula ukuthotyelwa kwesivumelwano ngokunciphisa ukungaqondakali kwezinye iimeko. Nangona kunjalo, kunokufuna inqanaba lolwazi lobuchwephesha ukuze kufakwe kwaye kugcinwe, elingekho kwiqela ngoku. Umhloli we-CPA angafuneka ukuqinisekisa ujongano phakathi kwe-smart contracts kunye nemithombo yedatha yangaphandle eqhuba iziganeko zeshishini. Ngaphandle kovavanyo oluzimeleyo, abasebenzisi bajongene nomngcipheko weempazamo ezingachongwanga okanye ubuthathaka.
• Ingxelo ye-ESG: Ukusebenza ne-bitcoin kungavumela amashishini ukuba afumane inzuzo entle kwiingxelo zabo ze-ESG, ezisele ziyimfuneko kwaye ziyinxalenye enkulu yeengxelo zabo zokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo. Iphepha le-KPMG elabhalwa ngo-2022 lichaza indlela iBitcoin mining enokukhuthaza ngayo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ilungelelanise iigridi zamandla ezisebenzisa imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo angazinzanga, inciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-methane kwaye incede ekuphindaphindeni ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuveliswa ziziko ledatha.

Amathuba

Ukuze athathe indima entsha, umhloli angafuna iseti entsha yezakhono:

• Uluvo ngeelwimi zokubhala iinkqubo zobuchwephesha
• Iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuqokelela idatha kwiBitcoin blockchain ukuze isetyenziswe ekuhlolweni
• Umahluko wokuphunyezwa phakathi kwezisombululo kunye nefuthe elinalo ekuthembekeni nasekubeni ngumnini weprotocol
• Ukuhlola i-smart contract ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo kunye nolawulo lomntu wesithathu
• Ugxininiso kwimpikiswano ye-smart contracts ngokwemigaqo yomthetho esebenzayo
• Uluvo ngeziphumo ze-ESG zokwamkelwa kwe-bitcoin

Abacebisi bezeMali

Imvelaphi

Ukongeza ekubeni neempahla zedijithali ngokuthe ngqo, abantu abaninzi abacebileyo kunye neofisi zeentsapho babela inxalenye yotyalo-mali lwabo olutsha kwiimali ezityala kwiimpahla zedijithali ezithile okanye kwiiprojekthi zeempahla zedijithali. Ngelixa ii-bitcoin spot ETFs ezintsha zivumela ukuba ube notyalo-mali olulandelela ukusebenza kwe-bitcoin ngaphandle kokuthwala umngcipheko wokugcina impahla ngokwayo, eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokukhusela ixabiso lexesha elide kukufunda indlela yokugcina impahla ngokwakho.

Okukhuthazayo, kubonakala ngathi abalawuli bamkela ngokubanzi ukuba iimpahla zedijithali ezifana ne-bitcoin ziza kuhlala, ngoko ke, endaweni yokucinga ukuba kufuneka zithintelwe okanye hayi, ngoku bagxile ekufumaneni ibhalansi phakathi kophuhliso lweshishini kunye nokukhusela abatyalomali. Kubalulekile ukufumana ingcebiso epheleleyo yendawo kunye nembono ebanzi malunga nonyango lomthetho kwiindawo ezininzi zotyalo-mali lweempahla zedijithali kunye nendlela imigaqo eyahlukeneyo echaphana ngayo.

Imimandla eyahlukeneyo nayo inendlela ezahlukeneyo yokujonga iimpahla zedijithali kunye nenzuzo evela kuzo kwirhafu. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe indlela efanayo yokuhlalutya imigaqo njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla kwirhafu, kufunyanwe iingcebiso zerhafu zengingqi kunye nembono ebanzi yamazwe ngamazwe.

Imiba ejikeleze ukhuseleko lwedatha ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo aqinileyo okhuseleko lwe-cyber ukuqinisekisa ukuba zombini iimpahla zezemali kunye nolwazi lomntu zikhuselwe ngokwaneleyo.

Uninzi lweeofisi zeentsapho zigcina umgcini okhethekileyo we-crypto wesithathu ukuze agcine i-cryptocurrency yabo kunye nezitshixo zabucala ezifanelekileyo. Umnikezeli wenkonzo kufuneka abe neenkqubo zokhuseleko eziqinileyo ezikhoyo ngoku, afune imiqobo emininzi yokuqinisekisa kubasebenzi abavela ngaphakathi ukuze benze naluphi na urhwebo, kwaye abe ne-inshurensi egubungela ilahleko yempahla xa kukho ubuqhophololo okanye uhlaselo lwe-cyber.

Amathuba

Abacebisi beeofisi zeentsapho kunye nabantu abacebileyo banokunikela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kule meko yentengiso:

• Ulawulo lokhuseleko lweempahla zedijithali
• Ingcebiso yokhuseleko lwe-cyber
• Ingcebiso yokugcina iBitcoin ngokhuselekileyo
• Iziphumo zerhafu
• Bitcoin njengenxalenye yolawulo lwephothifoliyo iyonke
• Uphuhliso lweprotocol entsha yomthetho kunye nokuthotyelwa, ezifana nemisitho yokusayina izitshixo xa kuthunyelwa

Ingcebiso yokuthengisa

Imvelaphi

Kukho iinkampani ezininzi zeenkonzo zobungcali ezigxile ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo zokuthengisa, ukusuka ekuncedeni abathengi ekuchazeni isicwangciso nasekwenzeni umxholo, ukuya ekwakheni iiwebhusayithi nasekutsaleni iindwendwe kuzo.

Nayiphi na isicwangciso sokuthengisa sedijithali kufuneka siquke isicwangciso sokusebenzisa amajelo akwi-intanethi ukwakha ubukho kwi-intanethi kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo ezithile zokuthengisa. Ekugqibeleni, injongo kukunyusa ukubonakala kweshishini kwaye kutsalwe abathengi abatsha kusetyenziswa amajelo ahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo omnye wejelo elitsha elisondelelene neBitcoin yiNostr. NjengeBitcoin, eli liqonga elizimeleyo nelivulekileyo apho umsebenzisi agcina ubunini bedatha ngokusebenzisa isitshixo sabucala. Ulwakhiwo lukaNostr olunganyangekiyo kulawulo lwenkqubo luqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano lweshishini, imiyalezo yokuthengisa, kunye nentsebenziswano nabathengi akuphazanyiswa ngabantu bangaphandle. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kumashishini asebenza kumashishini apho imigaqo iqatha okanye apho inkululeko yokuthetha ingumcimbi. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kukaNostr kwesitshixo sabucala esinye ukufikelela kwiindawo ezininzi kwenza kube lula ukuphatha iiakhawunti, kunika uxolo lwengqondo ngokukwazi ukutshintsha phakathi kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo ngokulula. Udibaniso neBitcoin kunye neLightning kuvumela iintengiselwano zehlabathi kunye neentlawulo ezincinci – uphawu lweLightning oluvula iindlela ezintsha zokuthengisa.

Amathuba

Ukunceda abathengi ngokuthengisa kwabo kungabandakanya amanyathelo oku:

• Ukuseka ubunkokeli bokucinga kwiBitcoin kwicandelo lobuchwephesha elinxulumene neshishini
• Ukutsala abathengi abatsha ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezigxile kwiBitcoin
• Ukonyusa ukuqaphela uphawu kwindawo yeBitcoin

Isicwangciso sokuthengisa sinokubandakanya amanyathelo anje:

• Yakha iphepha elitsha lewebhusayithi eligxile kwiBitcoin kunye/okanye iLightning
• Faka imiyalezo yeBitcoin kwiiphulo zokuthengisa ezikhoyo
• Lawula ukwaziswa kweemveliso okanye iinkonzo ezinxulumene neBitcoin
• Khulisa abalandeli kwimidiya yoluntu kumaqonga ajolise kumxholo weBitcoin kwaye ulinganise ukusetyenziswa kwamaqonga amatsha afana neNostr
• Ngenisa igalelo kwisoftware evulekileyo

Ukwakha ulwazi olunzulu kwezi ndawo kuya kuvula iintlobo ezintsha zeenkonzo zokuthengisa ezinokuphuhliswa kwaye zithengiswe kubathengi abakhoyo okanye abatsha.

Iinkonzo ezijolise kwiCandelo leeShishini eziNcincane

Izibonelelo ze-SMB:

• Ukukhusela kwi-Inflation
• Ukufikelela kwiimarike zehlabathi
• Iintlawulo ezisezantsi zokuthengiselana
• Ukusombulula ngokukhawuleza phantse kwangoko
• Ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo
• Inkululeko yezezimali
• Ukuchasana nokucinezelwa

Kwishishini leenkonzo zobungcali, zininzi izibonelelo ezinokubakho ekwamkeleni iBitcoin ekufuneka icandelo le-SMB linomdla kuzo, kwaye iinkonzo zinokuyilwa ukuhlangabezana nganye nganye kwezi:

• Ukufikelela kwimarike: uluntu lwe-Intanethi lweBitcoin lukhuthalele ukuhamba kude kwaye luphande kwi-intanethi ukuze luthenge kwiinkampani ezamkela iBitcoin. Oku kungavula isiseko sabathengi abatsha kwinkampani encinci.
• Ukwamkela iBitcoin njengentlawulo kunokwenza intlawulo isombululeke ngokukhawuleza kunye neendleko ezisezantsi kuneendlela zesiqhelo zentlawulo.
• I-Bitcoin inokuphucula ukhuseleko lwentengiselwano ye-intanethi ngenxa yeempawu ezisisiseko zobuchwepheshe obuyisiseko, kwaye ayixhomekekanga kwinkqubo yeebhanki zemveli, nto leyo eyenza ingacinezelwa.
• Ukugcina enye okanye yonke iBitcoin efunyenweyo kwiwallet ekhuselekileyo kunokunceda ukugcina ubutyebi, ngakumbi kumazwe apho imali yemveli iphulukana nexabiso ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza ibe lithuba elihle lotyalo-mali lwexesha elide.

Amathuba

Njengoko iinkampani ezincinci zixhomekeke kwiinkampani ezimbalwa zeenkonzo xa kuthelekiswa namashishini amakhulu, ukuba umbutho weenkonzo zobungcali ujolise kweli candelo, kuya kuba luncedo ukuba ukwazi ukubacebisa kuzo zonke iinkalo zokwamkelwa kweBitcoin.

Ezempilo

Ukuba phambili apho ishishini lisaya khona kuya kwenza iinkampani zeNkonzo zoBungcali kweli candelo zikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuzisa ixabiso kubathengi bazo. Imizekelo embalwa kwezempilo ingabonisa indlela ezintsha ezisekelwe kwiBitcoin ezinokuphazamisa icandelo loshishino ngokusombulula iingxaki zokwenyani kwimarike.

Ulawulo lweeDatha eziKhuselekileyo – umzekelo Nostr 

Ubunini kunye nokwabelana ngokukhuselekileyo ngedatha yesigulana yinto ephambili ekuxhalabelwa ngayo, kunye nemigangatho efana ne-HIPAA eUnited States ebekwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ikhuselekile ngokwaneleyo.

Icandelo lezempilo linokuxhamla kakhulu kubume obusasazekileyo nobukhuselekileyo beNostr. Njengoko kugxininiswe kwiprojekthi yovavanyo yakutshanje e-El Salvador, iNostr-based SALUD protocol ijolise ekuguquleni indlela idatha yesigulana elawulwa kwaye yabelwana ngayo. Ngokusasaza idatha yezempilo, iNostr iqinisekisa ukuba izigulana zigcina ubunini bamarekhodi azo ezonyango ngelixa ivumela abanikazi beenkonzo zempilo ukufikelela kwidatha echanekileyo nengatshintshiyo xa kufuneka.

Le ndlela ijongana nemiba emikhulu kwiinkqubo zangoku zolawulo lwedatha yezempilo, apho ulwazi lwesigulana luhlala lulawulwa ngamaqela aphakathi anokuthi enze imali okanye aphathe kakubi idatha. NgeNostr, umngcipheko wokophulwa kwedatha okanye ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga uncitshisiwe, kwaye izigulana zingakhetha ukuphuma ekwabelaneni ngedatha ukuba ziyafuna ngaphandle kokuphulukana nolawulo lolwazi lwazo.

Umzekelo wesibini wendlela iBitcoin enokudityaniswa ngayo kwiindlela ezintsha kwezempilo yiCrowdHealth. Yenze iqonga elisebenzisa izibonelelo zeendleko kunye nokusombulula kweBitcoin ngokudityaniswa kwi-Lightning wallet ukwenza nokufumana iintlawulo. Ezi ntlawulo ziphethwe ngabanikeli, abaza kuthi bakwazi ukucela uncedo kuluntu xa bejamelene nendleko enkulu yezonyango.

Le yimizekelo yendlela i-ecosystem yeBitcoin ekhula ngokukhawuleza ephazamisa ishishini elithile, kwaye imizekelo emininzi ingafumaneka kwamanye amashishini. Imibutho yeenkonzo zobungcali ejolise kwishishini elithile inokuba nakho ukuxhamla ngokunceda elo shishini lamkele ezi zisombululo, okanye ibe ngumphambili ozisa ezi ntlobo zezixazululo kumashishini amatsha njengoko imarike ikhula.

4.5.3 Ukwakha i-ecosystem yeBitcoin

I-Bitcoin ibe yikhonkco eliphambili kwaye ihlala injalo, kodwa ugxininiso oluyimfuneko kwinqanaba lokuqala kukhuseleko kunye nokusasazeka kwashiya umsantsa kwezinye iimpawu kwimarike, apho ezinye izisombululo ezisekwe kwi-blockchain zavela ukuzama ukuzalisa loo msantsa. Ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ezi azizange zibe yimpumelelo enkulu kwezorhwebo kule minyaka idlulileyo, kwaye i-ecosystem yeBitcoin ngoku ikhule kwinqanaba apho ezi ntlobo zintsha zeempawu zinokwakhiwa kuyo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakubi itekhnoloji esisiseko yenqanaba lokuqala.

Ukongeza, uninzi lwabasebenzisi beBitcoin ngabagcini bexesha elide, belibona njengeyindawo yokugcina ixabiso okanye igolide yedijithali. Ama-maximalist eBitcoin yinxalenye enkulu yolu luntu abakholelwa ukuba yiye kuphela i-cryptocurrency eya kuthi ihlale ixesha elide. Baphikisa ukuba ubume bayo obusasazekileyo, ukhuseleko, kunye nenzuzo yokuba yokuqala kwenza ibe ngcono kunezinye zonke iimali zedijithali, nto leyo eyahlula kwezinye ii-blockchain.

Kukho nexabiso elikhulu elikhulayo elikhuselwe ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yeBitcoin ngaba bagcini, ngoko ukukhulisa i-ecosystem yemveli yeBitcoin akuyi kuba ngumcimbi wokutsala abasebenzisi abatsha. Endaweni yoko, iiprojekthi ziya kufuna ukuxhamla kuluntu olukhulu lwabasebenzisi, abaphuhlisi, kunye nemali sele ikwi-network. Oku kuzisa amathuba amaninzi okwandisa i-ecosystem yeBitcoin apho iinkonzo zobungcali zinokwakhiwa khona:

1. Phucula Ukukhula: Sele zikhona izisombululo ezininzi zokukhulisa ezisebenza kwi-network yeBitcoin, ezifana ne-Lightning Network. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye nazo ziyakhiwa ukujolisa kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuhambisa izisombululo zokukhulisa ezibanzi ezibonelela ngamapulatifomu akhuselekileyo, asasazekileyo kwaye asebenzayo kwi-smart contracts.
2. Yenza kube lula i-Smart Contracts: Cinga ngesivumelwano esizisebenzelayo ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo samagqwetha okanye abantu abaphakathi. Yiloo nto iBitcoin smart contracts eyenzayo. IBitcoin smart contracts zizivumelwano ezizisebenzelayo apho imiqathango yesivumelwano ibhalwe ngqo kwikhowudi yedijithali. Zizisebenzisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zinyanzelise isivumelwano xa iimeko ezichaziweyo zifezekisiwe, ngaphandle kwesidingo sabalamli.
3. Khuthaza Ukuhambelana: Ukwakha iibhulorho kunye nezidibanisi ezivumela unxibelelwano olungenamthungo phakathi kweBitcoin kunye nezinye ii-blockchain. Oku kungavumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahambise iiasethi phakathi kwee-chains ngokulula kwaye basebenzise ezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zenethiwekhi nganye. Umzekelo ungaba yi-USDT – i-stablecoin enokudluliselwa kwi-blockchain ezininzi ezahlukeneyo apho abasebenzisi bahlala bekhetha ixabiso elisezantsi. Ukuvumela i-USDT egcinwe kwenye yezi blockchain ukuba idluliselwe kwi-Lightning kunye neBitcoin kunokwenza ukuhambelana kunye nokufuduswa kexabiso kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin ekhuselekileyo.
4. Dibanisa Amava alula kuMsebenzisi: Njengoko i-ecosystem ikhula, kukho imfuneko yezixhobo ezenza lula inkqubo yophuhliso kunye nokwazisa kubaphuhlisi. Oku kubandakanya ii-wallets ezingcono, iindlela zophuhliso, kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa iimpazamo. Ngaphandle koko, ubulula bokusebenzisa bubalulekile kubo bonke abasebenzisi abangazaziyo kakhulu itekhnoloji ukuze bakwazi ukunxibelelana kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwi-ecosystem.
5. Imfundo kunye noKwakha uluntu: Uluntu olomeleleyo lusisiseko sako nasiphi na isicwangciso se-blockchain esiphumeleleyo. Ukutyala imali kwimfundo, iindibano zocweyo, kunye neenzame ezikhokelwa luluntu kunokunceda abasebenzisi bafumane, abaphuhlisi bakhe, kunye nabatyali-mali badibane.

Ithuba

Oku kuvula inani leenkonzo ezinokwenziwa kwimarike ukunceda abathengi kunye namanye amashishini malunga ne-ecosystem yeBitcoin, nto leyo sele yenzeka kwihlabathi lonke:

• Ucebiso
• Imfundo
• Thenga, gcina kwaye uthengise iBitcoin

4.5.4 Ikamva

Yintoni enokuthi yenzeke kwixesha elizayo?

Icandelo elidlulileyo linike imizekelo emininzi yeentlobo zeenkonzo ezinikezelwayo kwimarike namhlanje, kodwa loluphi uhlobo lwezisombululo olunokufumaneka kwixesha elizayo apho iinkampani zinokwakha iinkonzo zobungcali ezijolise kucweyo, uhlalutyo, uyilo kunye nokuphumeza ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi eziguqukayo?

Uvoto lwe-Elektroniki

Umzekelo omnye wezicelo ezinokwakhiwa kwiBitcoin kukukhusela unyulo lukaRhulumente.

• Imeko yangoku nomngeni: Unyulo lwentando yesininzi luyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla adluliselwa ngokweziphumo, kwaye urhulumente okhethiweyo umele ukuthanda kwabantu. Oku kufuna ukuba abavoti abafanelekileyo bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ngaphandle koxhatshazo, ukuba zonke iivoti zibaliwe ngokuchanekileyo, akukho msebenzi wokwenza iivoti zobuxoki, kwaye iziphumo zibonakala ngokucacileyo. Kwihlabathi lonke, unyulo luhlala lubonwa njengolungafezekisi le njongo, kunye 
• Iziphakamiso ezikhoyo: Oorhulumente bazamile iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ubulungisa kwenkqubo yonyulo, befuna iVoter ID, okanye ukubalwa kweevoti ngokuzimeleyo kusetyenziswa indlela yamaphepha, kodwa imingeni isekhona. Oorhulumente abafana ne-EU 'baphanda' iindlela zokusebenzisa ezinye i-blockchain kunye neprotocols ukufezekisa injongo yokuba nenkqubo yonyulo yedijithali ecacileyo nengatshintshiyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusafuna ukuthembela kulowo wenza kwaye eqhuba inkqubo kwaye iya kuphuhliswa ngokwecebo lexesha likaRhulumente. 
• Iindlela ezisekelwe kwiBitcoin sele ziphuhliswe ezisebenzisa amandla ayo avulekileyo okwenza inkqubo ecacileyo, engenakutshintshwa yokuphatha unyulo.

Guatemala

• Ngenxa ye-OpenTimestamps, isixhobo esadalwa ngumphuhlisi we-bitcoin uPeter Todd kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, inkampani yetekhnoloji yaseGuatemala iSimple Proof iyakwazi ukukhusela amaxwebhu abalulekileyo malunga nonyulo lukamongameli weli lizwe ekukhohlisweni nasekutshintshweni. Isixhobo sikaTodd, esisebenzisa imisebenzi ye-hash kunye ne-bitcoin blockchain, siyakwazi ukufaka ixesha kulwazi kwaye senze kube lula ukubona iinzame zokukhohlisa nokutshintsha’

Iprotocol yonyulo yedijithali evulekileyo, engaphakathi kwinethiwekhi: HodlParman – ongumxhasi ophambili weBitcoin – usandula ukumemezela:

• ‘Bendisebenza kwiprotokholi yonyulo yedijithali engaphakathi kwinethiwekhi, engadingi mntu ophakathi, isusa ithuba lokukhohlisa okanye ukuphinda kuvotwe, igcina iivoti ziyimfihlo, kwaye wonke umntu angayiqinisekisa. Isebenzisa ii-relays zeNostr, kunye newotshi yeBitcoin, KUNGEKHO mfuneko ye-blockchain okanye itokheni’ 

Njengoko sibona, kukho indlela 'yesiqhelo' yokusombulula ingxaki eyaziwayo, kule meko yokuthembeka konyulo, esisafunyanwa kwaye ayisayi kusombulula yonke imiba, kunye nendlela entsha esekwe kwi-ecosystem yeBitcoin esele iphuhliswe kwaye iyafumaneka enokuthi isombulule le miba. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zezixazululo kunye nendlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngayo ukuhambisa iinkonzo kwimarike, kubandakanya kule meko kuRhulumente, kuya kuzisa amathuba amatsha emali engenayo.

Iimbuyekezo zeSats

Amandla okuhambisa iimali ezincinci ze-bitcoin njengentlawulo phantse ngaphandle kweendleko avula amathuba ahlukeneyo amashishini anokuwaphanda, apho inkampani egxile kwiinkonzo zeBitcoin inganika iingcebiso ezifana nale:

• Ukusebenzisa amaqonga afana neMicrostrategy ukubuyekeza abasebenzi
• Amaqonga e-podcast anobuhlobo neBitcoin afana neFountain, iimbuyekezo zokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-live streaming usebenzisa iNOSTR kunye ne-zap streaming
• Ukuhlawula abantu ukuba bagqibezele uphando ukukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba

Isishwankathelo

Icandelo leenkonzo zobungcali libanzi, ligubungela amashishini amakhulu, amancinci, kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba injongo yeshishini injani, le mizekelo ithemba ukuba ibonise ukuba iBitcoin kunye ne-ecosystem yayo inamandla okutshintsha kakhulu eli candelo, itshintshe indlela iinkonzo ezinikezelwa ngayo kwaye ivule amathuba amatsha. Amaziko eenkonzo zobungcali athabatha ixesha lokuqonda ezi dynamics kwangoko anokukwazi ukukhokelela.

Imithombo

1. https://kpmg.com/us/en/articles/2023/bitcoin-role-esg-imperative.html
2. https://medium.com/@primalcapital/growing-the-bitcoin-ecosystem-afb424e0ff0f
3. https://www.fidelitydigitalassets.com/research-and-insights/adding-bitcoin-corporate-treasury
4. https://www.pathcheck.org/en/blog/notes-and-other-stuff-over-relays-nostr-for-health

Imizekelo yamashishini anikezela ngeenkonzo zeBitcoin: 

• River
• Swan
• CoinCorner
• Strike
• Relai
• Musqet

Ukuba asibali ubuntu obungelulo ukuzingca, imali yinto ekhuthaza yonke intshukumo yomntu eyenziwa ngokuzithandela. I-Bitcoin yimali engathathi cala, yehlabathi enemiqathango, kodwa engenabaphathi. Ukuba ayinakunyanzelwa, kwaye ayiphumeleli, iziphumo kwezopolitiko zehlabathi azinakuthelekiswa.
James Dewar

4.6.0 Intshayelelo

Xa itekhnoloji entsha ikugqugqisa, ukuba awuyinxalenye yomgqugqisi, uyinxalenye yomgaqo wendlela.
Stewart Brand

Injongo yesahluko sesi kukubonisa oorhulumente, amasebe karhulumente, kunye nabasebenzi bakarhulumente ukuba ukungayiqwali i-Bitcoin kufana nokufaka intloko emhlabeni uthembe ukuba inganyanzelwa okanye iya kusilela. Ukuba akukho nanye kwezi ziphumo zenzeka, iya kutshintsha kakhulu indlela abantu abenza ngayo izigqibo. Abantu abahlala kummandla welizwe elikhoyo apho urhulumente wabo uqonda kuqala aze enze umgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo banokufumana inzuzo enkulu.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-Bitcoin iyanyanzelwa okanye iyasilela, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba urhulumente ufunda malunga netekhnoloji aze afikelele kweso sigqibo esekelwe kulwazi olungenakukhethi, uthatha umngcipheko omkhulu, iziphumo zawo ziya kuthwalwa ngabemi abamele ukuba bayabakhathalela. Emva kokufumana isaziso ngokufunda esi sahluko, oko kuya kuba kukungakhathali okukhulu kunye nokungafezekisi uxanduva ngoorhulumente banamhlanje, amasebe abo kunye nabasebenzi babo. Ukuba awufuni olo xanduva, yeka ukufunda ngoku, kwaye ushiye umsebenzi.

Oorhulumente banokuchazwa njengezinto ezisebenzisa, okanye ezifuna ukusebenzisa, igunya lokusebenzisa ugonyamelo kummandla wazo. Olu lungiselelo lufikelelwe ngenxa yokuzikhusela kwizingozi zangaphandle, kunye nokugcina uxolo ngaphakathi. Njengoko uluntu kunye noqoqosho luphuhlile, oorhulumente baye bandisa indima yabo ngaphakathi. Enye yeendima ezavela, kancinci kancinci, ukusukela ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 yayikukulawula imali ngokusebenzisa iibhanki eziphakathi. Injongo yesahluko sesi ayikokwenza ityala elichasene okanye elixhasa iibhanki eziphakathi kunye nolawulo lwemali ngurhulumente, koko kukubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba olu lawulo lungabi nako kwixesha elizayo. Nabani na oqonda ukubaluleka kolawulo lwemali ekusebenziseni amanye amandla uyaqonda ukuba ukulahleka kolu lawulo lwemali kungaba ngumoya onamandla wokusasaza amandla ngaphakathi kumazwe.

Imbali isifundisa ukuba ngaphandle kwemfazwe okanye izifo, utshintsho olukhulu kuluntu luhlala lukhuthazwa yitekhnoloji kunomthetho kuba olo tshintsho lwalungasoloko lufunwa kwangaphambili ngabantu okanye ziinkokeli zabo. Enyanisweni, nokuba lwalufunwa, umthetho awunako ukufumanisa okanye ukuvelisa itekhnoloji.

Uninzi lwamandla oorhulumente abawafumene kule minyaka ilishumi elineshumi idlulileyo ngenxa yokulawula imali (into engazange yenzeke kwimbali) kusenokufuneka bayeke. Oku asisongelo kubantu, kodwa kunokuba yingozi kwisakhiwo sikarhulumente kunye nemibutho. Iinkokeli zemibutho yethu kufuneka zifunde malunga ne-Bitcoin kunye neziphumo zayo ukuze ziqonde indlela umdla wommandla kunye nabantu abenza ilizwe labo unokuchaphazeleka ngayo.

Kuphela ngale ndlela baya kukwazi ukukhetha imigaqo-nkqubo eya kuthi iphucule ikamva lommandla wabo kunye nabantu babo. Imfundo kunye nokuzithoba kuyakufuneka kubo bonke ukuze kwenziwe izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Akukho ndawo yokuzimela koku, utshintsho luya kusinyanzela ngelinye ixesha, kwaye iziphumo ezingcono zinokufezekiswa ngokulindela utshintsho. Ithiyori yomdlalo esebenzayo ingatsho ukuba yamkela kwangoko okanye uphoswe.

Oku kunguvavanyo lwabapolitiki bethu kunye neenkokeli zemibutho. Ngaba bakhuthazwa ikakhulu ngumdla wokuphucula ikamva lommandla kunye nabantu abenza ilizwe labo ngoku? Okanye, ngaba izinto abazikhethayo zikhuthazwa zezinye iinjongo, nokuba zezakho, zeshishini okanye zezimvo?

Ngokufunda malunga ne-Bitcoin oorhulumente banokucwangcisa indlela yokuphucula ubomi babemi babo bangoku nabazayo. Esi sahluko sijolise ekuboniseni imiba ethile enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuqala inkqubo yokucwangcisa.

4.6.1 Itekhnoloji vs Umthetho

Ezona zizathu zibalulekileyo zotshintsho azifumaneki kwiinkqubo zopolitiko okanye kwizimvo zoqoqosho zabafileyo, koko zifumaneka kwizinto ezifihlakeleyo ezitshintsha imida apho amandla asetyenziswa khona. Rhoqo, utshintsho oluncinane kwimozulu, kwindawo, kwiintsholongwane, nakwitekhnoloji lutshintsha indlela amandla asetyenziswa ngayo.
James Dale Davidson

Imbali izele yimizekelo yokuba itekhnoloji entsha itshintshe indlela uluntu lwabantu olukhula ngayo nolawulwa ngayo. Incwadi ethi The Sovereign Individual, eyapapashwa ngo-1997 nguJames Dale Davidson noWilliam Rees-Mogg, iphonononga indlela utshintsho kwitekhnoloji olukhokelele ngayo kutshintsho eNtshona ukusuka kwihlabathi elalilawulwa yiCawa ukuya kwilizwe leentlanga esihlala kulo namhlanje. Bakhomba ezona tekhnoloji zibalulekileyo njengokuvela kwephephandaba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepowuda yezibhamu njengamandla okusebenzisa ugonyamelo, nto leyo eyatshintsha indlela amandla esetyenziswa ngayo ngobuninzi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akukho bungqina bokuba iCawa okanye uluntu ngokubanzi lwalufuna okanye lwaluqalise utshintsho olwenzeka. Xa sijonga emva, kubonakala ngathi amandla aphuma kulawulo lweCawa kulwazi ayehla njengoko uqoqosho olutsha lwasusa ilungelo lwayo lokupapasha izinto ezibhaliweyo.

Iphephandaba lehlisa iindleko zokuphinda uphinde ulwazi, ngaloo ndlela lonyusa ukusasazeka kwemveliso yezinto ezibhaliweyo.

Imbali ibonisa ukuba itekhnoloji eyabangela utshintsho olukhulu ayizange iqalwe ngurhulumente, imibutho, iinkokeli okanye uluntu ngokuvota. Rhoqo sibona ukuba abantu kunye nemibutho bazama ukuchasa, bathintele kwaye balibazise ukwamkelwa kwayo. Kwinkulungwane yama-20 oku sibona kwindlela abantu abaphendula ngayo ekuqaleni ekusetyenzisweni kweemoto, umbane, i-cryptography, i-imeyile kunye ne-intanethi.

Ukwamkelwa kweetekhnoloji ezintsha ziimarike kwakhokelela kutshintsho kwindawo abantu abahlala kuyo, indlela abasebenza ngayo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwasusa nesakhiwo sabo njengoluntu, ilizwe okanye umbutho wokhokelo. Kweminye imizekelo yatshintsha ubungakanani kunye nolwakhiwo lwaloo mbutho ngokwawo. Eminye imizekelo yetekhnoloji etshintshe uluntu ngokubanzi ibandakanya ukuvela kombane, iimoto kunye ne-intanethi.

Irhafu kunye nemboleko nazo zilawulwa ngumthetho kwaye ke zixhomekeke kwitekhnoloji. Oku kungabonwa kwimbali. Kwixesha elidlulileyo irhafu yayilinganiselwe kwizinto ezifana nerhafu yamaphepha kunye nerhafu yokungenisa ngaphandle kuba itekhnoloji eyayifunekayo ukuxhasa irhafu yengeniso kunye nezinye yayingenzeki.

Obu bungqina buchazwa ukuxhasa isiphelo sokuba itekhnoloji ime ngaphezu komthetho. Umthetho unokulandela emva koko, kodwa indlela izinto ezenzeka ngayo ibonisa ukuba umthetho awunakumisa utshintsho ngokwenene okanye ngokusisigxina, kwaye awunakuwenza utshintsho. Utshintsho kumthetho luyimiphumo yetekhnoloji entsha, hayi imbangela, kwaye itekhnoloji entsha ayinakuvotelwa, ayinakumiselwa ngukumkani okanye ithintelwe ngaphandle kokuzilimaza.

Inyaniso ayinakuphikwa. Ubugwenxa bunokuyihlasela kwaye ubungazi bunokuyigculela, kodwa ekugqibeleni, isekhona.
Winston Churchill

Iitekhnoloji eziphumeleleyo zifana "nenyaniso". Njengoko kunjalo, umthetho awukwazanga ukuthintela inkqubela phambili yeetekhnoloji ezininzi ezathi ngexesha lazo uluntu lwalungafuni ukuba ziqhubeke. Xa oku kwenzeka, rhoqo kwanciphisa ubutyebi belizwe elo kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide.

4.6.2 Ukuhlulwa kwamandla

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba amandla oorhulumente aphakathi okusebenzisa olu hlobo lwemali yenye yezinto ezikhokelele ekwandeni kokugxila kwamandla kurhulumente ophakathi.
Friedrich A. Hayek

UHayek wathi ukugxila kwemali okwenzeka kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwaba sesona sizathu sokugxila kwamandla kumazwe. Ukuvela kwe-Bitcoin kunokubuyisela oku umva, into abantu abaninzi abayixhasayo kwaye abapolitiki bayithetha, kodwa abakwazi ukuyifezekisa.

Ngaphambi kwenkulungwane yama-20 ookumkani, ookumkanikazi, oorhulumente babenolawulo olulinganiselweyo kwimithombo yemali. Ubutyebi obulinganiswa yimali abuphumi phezulu, koko buvela phantsi, buhlulwe-hlulwe. Kude kube yinkulungwane yama-20 imali yayibonisa le nyaniso kwaye nayo yayiyinyani. Ifomathi yale mali, itekhnoloji yayo, yayahluka ngokweendawo nangexesha njengoko uluntu lwabantu lwalukhula.

Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwenziwa iimvavanyo zokukhupha "inyani" yemali, kwagqitywa ngokwahlula ngokupheleleyo ngo-1961 xa ukuguqulwa kwedola ibe yigolide "kwamiswa okwethutyana".

Ndiyalele uNobhala uConnally ukuba amise okwethutyana ukuguqulwa kwedola yaseMelika ngaphandle kwemigaqo nemiqathango eza kugqitywa ngokwenzuzo yokuzinza kwemali kunye nomdla waseUnited States.
Richard Nixon

Imali yitekhnoloji kwaye i-Bitcoin, njengemali yedijithali, inokuba yenye yezona tekhnoloji zinkulu kwimbali yoluntu.

...imali, kwisiseko sayo, yitekhnoloji njengazo zonke ezinye izixhobo ezisisiseko ezifana nesando, isile okanye ivili.
Business Insider

Mhlawumbi imali inokuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bokufumaneka kokulima, iphephandaba okanye ipowuda yezibhamu. Ukuba asibali ubuntu obungelulo ukuzingca, imali ikhuthaza yonke intshukumo yomntu eyenziwa ngokuzithandela kwaye ke kunokwenzeka ukuba isisombululo esitsha kule teknoloji sabantu abazizigidi ezisibhozo sinokuba yeyona teknoloji inempembelelo enkulu kwimbali yoluntu.

Imali ngamandla, yitekhnoloji, kwaye ke ime ngaphezu komthetho, kwaye ke ngokulandela, ime ngaphezu kwemibutho eyenza imithetho. Ukuhlulwa kwemali kuya kukhokelela ekuhlulweni kwamandla.

Enye yezohlwayo ezihlawulelwayo ngenxa yezibonelelo zokuzinza kwemali kukuba umthetho ufumaneka ungakulungelanga utshintsho olungalindelekanga noluguqukayo kwinkqubo yemali.
Phanor J. Eder

Namhlanje amazwe achaza imali enye okanye ezingaphezulu njengemali esemthethweni. Ukuba imarike ingakhetha enye imali njengemali ekhethwayo apha okanye phesheya, oorhulumente banokufumana imeko apho imfuno yemali yasekhaya idlula yimfuno yemali yehlabathi, engathathi cala, 'yinyani'. Siza kuphinda sibone ukuba imali yokwenene yinto emiselweyo yimarike enokubangela utshintsho kumthetho, kwaye ayidalwa ngumthetho. Amazwe angasoloko ekhetha ukugcina imithetho yemali esemthethweni echaza imali engafunwayo, kodwa kungangcono ukuba acinge ngeziphumo ezimbi zokwenza olo khetho:

Imbali ibonisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuzikhusela kwiziphumo zokuba abanye begcina imali enzima kune yakho.
Saifedean Ammous

Ingxoxo engentla ibonisa indlela imali ehlulwe-hlulweyo, yehlabathi, engenabuphathi enokukhokelela ekuhlulweni kwamandla. Ngoku sijonga indlela i-Bitcoin, njengetekhnoloji yonxibelelwano yemali ehlulwe-hlulweyo, inokuba ngumqondiso wokuqala wokuhlulwa konxibelelwano kunye nemithombo yeendaba engengomali.

Ukuhlulwa konxibelelwano

I-Bitcoin yitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano ehlulwe-hlulweyo, evulekileyo, engenabuphathi, kwaye imarike ibonakala iyixabisa ngakumbi njengemali.

Zikhona iimpawu zale protocol ezinokuthi zivelise umgangatho omtsha kwiindlela zonxibelelwano zabantu ezingaphaya kwemali. Siqala ukubona izisombululo zonxibelelwano kunye nemidiya yoluntu ziqala ukuvela kwaye zifumana ukuthandwa ezisebenzisa ezinye zezi mpawu, umzekelo iNostr kunye neKeet. Oku kunokuba sisiqalo sokwahlulwa okukhulu kweenkonzo xa kuthelekiswa nendlela i-intanethi esetyenziswa ngayo namhlanje. Ezi nkonzo zemidiya nazo kulindeleke ukuba zibe nokwenzeka kokwenza iintengiselwano ngeBitcoin ngokwendalo.

Ngokujonga iingxoxo zamva nje, ngakumbi kumazwe aphuhlileyo, malunga nenkululeko yokuthetha kunye nokucinywa kolwazi, ukwahlulwa kweendlela zonxibelelwano akufanele kungahoywa ngurhulumente, kwaye kufuneka kube yinxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo namhlanje nokuba iBitcoin uqobo ayithathelwa ngqalelo.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba akulunganga kurhulumente ukuba abe ngqongqo kakhulu ezama ukuvala, ukuvala ngokupheleleyo, ukucima okanye ukuphazamisa ezinye izisombululo eziphakathi. Okukhona urhulumente esenza nzima, kokukhona izisombululo ezizezinye zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kumazwe aphuhlileyo anenkululeko, ezi zisombululo zizezinye ziya kuba nzima kakhulu ukulandelwa, kwaye ke phantse akunakwenzeka ukulandela uluntu olupheleleyo.

Ngoko ke indlela efanelekileyo inokuba kukusebenzisana nezisombululo eziphakathi ngokuzithandela kugxilwe kuphela kumonakalo omkhulu ovunyelweyo kwaye kungagxilwa kwimibono engavumelekanga ngokubanzi okanye kubemi ngabanye. Ukuzibophelela kwehlabathi kwinkululeko epheleleyo yokuthetha kumaqonga akhoyo kuya kunciphisa uxinzelelo lokusuka kwiinkonzo ezisandul' ukuvela ezahlulweyo.

4.6.3 Ukwenziwa kwehlabathi liphela

Ukwenziwa kwehlabathi liphela ngokusebenzisa iimpawu

I-Bitcoin yimpahla yedijithali kwaye ke ayithathi ndawo yenyani kwaye ayinawo umkhondo wendawo. Ukongeza, iBitcoin ayisiyo sakhiwo somthetho. Ngoko ke iBitcoin yinto entsha eyahlukileyo ethe yaba yimpahla exabisekileyo kodwa engenalo ikhaya ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasemthethweni.

Ihlabathi lidlule kwixesha elidlulileyo apho lalisebenzisa umgangatho omnye wemali - umgangatho wegolide. Nangona amazwe ayenayo imali yawo, amaxabiso otshintshiselwano ayengatshintshi rhoqo kuba ayexabiswa ngokobunzima begolide eyayimele yona. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima kunye nokungakhawulezi kokuhanjiswa kwegolide kwaphelisa eli xesha. Kwakhona, oku kwathintela ukwenziwa kwehlabathi liphela okwakunokwenziwa yegolide ngaphandle kokuba ngumlinganiselo ofanayo wexabiso. Ukusinda kwegolide njengomgangatho wemali wehlabathi kwakulinganiselwe kwaye ekugqibeleni kwaphazanyiswa kukuba ithatha indawo yenyani.

Ukwenziwa kwehlabathi liphela ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yoluntu

Uluntu lweBitcoin lukhule njengothungelwano lwehlabathi lonke. Indawo yokuhlala ingachaphazela inkululeko abantu abanayo ngokweendawo, umzekelo ukufikelela kwi-intanethi evulekileyo, okanye uluhlu lwezicelo ezivunyelweyo kwi-Apple App Store, okanye kwi-Google Play Store. Indawo yokuhlala ingachaphazela nemeko yezomthetho kunye nemigaqo yeBitcoin njengempahla kunye nendlela yokutshintshiselana. Nangona kunjalo, inkcubeko kunye nolwazi oluqhelekileyo olukhulileyo nolukhulayo kuluntu lweBitcoin ngamava ahlangeneyo ehlabathi.

Iziphumo zokwenziwa kwehlabathi liphela

Kubonakala kungamkelekanga nakweyiphi na indawo enenkululeko yehlabathi ukuba kusekwe imigaqo-nkqubo ethintela inkululeko yabantu yokuhamba ukuya kwinqanaba lokwenza ukuba ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe kube semthethweni. Olo hlobo lolawulo luyakubonisa ukuphela kwehlabathi eliphuhlileyo kwaye imbali ibonisa ukuba alunakuhlala ixesha elide phambi kokuba kubekho uvukelo.

Ngokusekelwe koko kungasentla, indibaniselwano yokungabikho kwendawo yeBitcoin kunye nethungelwano lehlabathi lonke liza kukhulula amandla okhuphiswano angazange abonwe ngaphambili kurhulumente wamaZwe ukuze banike iinkonzo ezixabisa imali kubemi babo okanye bajongane nokuncipha kwenani labathengi. Oku akufuneki kube 'kukukhuphisana ukuya ezantsi' njengoko abanye besitsho, koko kukwanda kobuhlobo, kunye nokugxila kumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuhanjiswa okusebenzayo ngokwexabiso lerhafu eqokelelweyo kwinqanaba elinokwamkelwa yimarike.

Indawo yokhuphiswano olukhulu apho oorhulumente bamaZwe baza kuzifumana bekuyo idityaniswe nokukhula kwemali entsha edibanisa intshukumo yabantu kwihlabathi lonke iya kusebenza njengomtsalane ophuma ngaphandle. Idityaniswe nokwahlulwa kwemali kunye nonxibelelwano okwenza umtsalane ongaphakathi, oorhulumente bamaZwe banokuzifumana betsala macala omabini. Iindawo zobuchule zinokwahlulwa zibe ngengingqi okanye uluntu ngaphakathi, kwaye ziqhawuke ngaphandle. Ubungakanani kunye nomda woRhulumente wamaZwe kulindeleke, ngokomndilili, ukuba bunciphe. Nokuba bungakanani na obuya kubakho kwindawo ethile, abahlawuli berhafu baza kuba ngabathengi kunokuba babe ngabaceli kwaye ke baza kufuna iinkonzo ezixabisa imali yabo.

Ukwahlulwa okungaphakathi, kunye nokutsalwa ngaphandle kunokutsala amanye amazwe ahluke njengokutsalwa kwezinto emngxunyeni omnyama. IBitcoin ngaxeshanye iyenza ibe yendawo kwaye ibe yehlabathi.

Sele sibona ngaphakathi kuqoqosho lwebitcoin iziphumo ezibonakala ngathi ziyachasana zokuba ngaxeshanye ibe nefuthe lendawo kunye nehlabathi. Kukho ubuhlobo obungakumbi behlabathi, ukuncitshiswa kwabalamli kunye nokwahlulwa okungakumbi kunye noqoqosho kunye neenethiwekhi zoluntu ezizeendawo kunye nehlabathi, kuncitshiswe kakhulu oku phakathi.

Nantsi, ingengopheleleyo, uluhlu lwemiba ethile apho oorhulumente banokufuna ukucinga ngeziphumo zokwenziwa kwehlabathi liphela:

• Irhafu / uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali
• Unikezelo lwemali / inkqubo yeebhanki
• Ukhuseleko / ukulwa imfazwe
• Izakhiwo zorhulumente wamazwe ngamazwe
• Izakhiwo zorhulumente wengingqi / wendawo
• Izakhiwo zoqoqosho
• Imibutho yenzuzo, engajonganga nzuzo, yezemfundiso kunye noluntu
• Imfundo / izifundo eziphezulu

4.6.4 Imigaqo yokuziphatha

Ezona ngxaki zibalulekileyo zokuziphatha ziyahluka ngokwepolitiki yehlabathi. Sijonga iindlela ezimbini: Indlela yehlabathi eliphuhlileyo kunye nendlela yeGlobal South. Ukuba inkqubo yemali ekhoyo inemiba eyahlukeneyo kubemi ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo abahlala kuyo nako kungathathwa njengengxaki yokuziphatha enxulumene nokulingana kwabantu.

Indlela yehlabathi eliphuhlileyo - ukungalingani kobutyebi kunye nokusingqongileyo

I-Cantillon Effect ithiywe ngegama likaRichard Cantillon, ingcali yezoqoqosho yaseIreland-France yenkulungwane ye-18 eyabhala okokuqala ngale ngxelo. Le mpembelelo ichaza indlela engalinganiyo umphumo wokunyuka kwemali kwimpahla kunye neempahla kuqoqosho. Xa imali entsha ye-fiat ingeniswa kuqoqosho, imiphumo yayo ivakala ngabantu kunye namashishini ahlukeneyo ngexesha elahlukileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iimpahla zonyuka ixabiso, zixhamlisa abatyebi, ngelixa abo bengenampahla bejamelene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokubanzi.

Inkqubo yemali ekhoyo iyimbangela ephambili yokwanda komahluko wobutyebi phakathi kwabatyebi nabasweleyo. Amandla abatyebi kunye nabo banxulumene nezopolitiko okusebenzisa inkqubo ekhoyo ukuze baxhamle, ngexabiso labo bangaphantsi, yimpawu yendlela inkqubo yemali esebenza ngayo. Le ndlela ikwakhokelela ekunciphiseni kwiklasi ephakathi, abambalwa baceba, abaninzi baswela. Ukubuyela kwimali engathathi cala enokufumaneka kuphela ngomsebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ubutyebi bomntu, kuya kuyeka ukwanda kwala mahluko wobutyebi kwaye kuqalise ukuwanciphisa, kukhokelela kuluntu olungalinganiyo kangako.

I-Bitcoin ibonakala inezibonelelo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-ESG. Kuyo imbali yayo emfutshane, iindlela ezintsha nezilungileyo zokusebenzisa inethiwekhi kunye nempahla yayo ziyaqhubeka ukuvela, ezifana nokunceda ukuzinzisa imithombo yamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi etshisa umhlaba, kwaye nokunceda ukubonelela ngobushushu obuzinzileyo kwizakhiwo zorhwebo nezokuhlala.
KPMG

I-Bitcoin inokuba negalelo elibalulekileyo ekunciphiseni utshintsho lwemozulu ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwayo ngokwezoqoqosho nokuveliswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo. Iphepha likwabonisa izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwezeNtlalo kunye noLawulo ezinxulumene neBitcoin,

Kwihlabathi apho imali ingenziwa nje ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, izixhobo ezikhoyo ziya kusetyenziswa ngendlela esebenzayo kwaye engachithwanga. Kulindeleke ukuba sibone utshintsho kwibhalansi yezikhuthazo zoqoqosho phakathi kwemveliso entsha kunye 'nokulungisa nokuphinda kusetyenziswe' apho oku kokugqibela kuya kunyuka. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kokuthenga okungaphezulu ngaphandle kokubangela ingxaki enkulu yezoqoqosho njengoko imali ingasasekho kwityala. Siza kubona ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo kunye nokukhula kobutyebi kwabo basebenzayo, bachithe ngaphantsi kunoko bafumanayo kwaye bagcine loo mali kwimali eqinileyo.

Global South / amazwe asakhulayo - ukungafumani nkonzo yezezimali kunye neenkqubo zemali zelizwe ezilawulwa kakubi

Abanye bethu bazalwa kwiinkqubo zemali ezilungileyo kunye nabalawuli abahlakaniphileyo... Kodwa abaninzi bethu sihlupheka phantsi kweenkqubo zemali ezilawulwa kakubi... asinawo amandla okuba sikhethe ukuba sizalwe kwiinkqubo zemali ezinjani njengoko singakwazi ukukhetha oomama abasizalayo.
Resistance Money, Andrew Bailey, Bradley Rettler, Craig Warmke

EMazantsi eHlabathi sibona kwindawo apho iinkqubo zemali zilawulwa kakubi, kukho ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu, ukungakwazi ukutshintsha imali kwamanye amazwe kunye namanqanaba aphantsi okufikelela kwiinkonzo zezezimali. Kumazwe amaninzi amakhulu isiqingatha okanye nangaphezulu kwabemi abanakho iakhawunti yasebhankini. Imali yehlabathi engathathi cala, engafuni mvume kwaye inikezelwa ngokusisigxina inezinto ezininzi ezinokunceda olu luntu.

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu kwenza kube nzima kubemi ukuba bagcine imali. Ukugcina imali yinto ebalulekileyo ekwakheni ikapitali kuqoqosho kwaye ukuswela oko kuthintela ukukhula okwenyani kunye nokuqina. Endaweni yoko, uqoqosho luba luxhomekeke kwikapitali yangaphandle okanye rhoqo kwityala ukukhuthaza imveliso. Elo tyala lidla ngokuba nemigaqo ethile echaza uhlobo lophuhliso loqoqosho olufunwa ngumbolekisi kwaye enokuba ayisiyo leyo imarike yendawo ebeya kuyiphuhlisa ngokwendalo. Ukuba elo tyala lilawulwa embindini likwanika ithuba kubalawuli abangathembekiyo ukuba baphange inxalenye yalo ukuze bazuze.

Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu kukhokelela ekunyukeni kokubaluleka kwexesha elifutshane njengoko abantu bengasayiboni imfuno yekamva. Ukunciphisa ukubaluleka kwexesha elifutshane kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwenkcubeko kunye noqoqosho. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuphantsi, kunye nokunciphisa ukubaluleka kwexesha elifutshane kwenza kube lula kubantu ukucwangcisa kunye nokutyala imali kwikamva.

Ukungabandakanywa kwenani elikhulu labemi behlabathi ekufikeleleni kutshintshiselwano lwemali yehlabathi kukwabangela ukuba bangabandakanyeki kwiimarike zehlabathi. Oku kubenzakalisa ekubeni bakwazi ukuziphilisa ngokubonelela ngeempahla kunye neenkonzo kubathengi abavumayo. Ukungabandakanywa kwabo kukwabangela umonakalo kubathengi abanokuxhamla kwizibonelelo zokhuphiswano abanokuthi abo bangabandakanyekanga babanike; sonke siyalahlekelwa, abanye ngakumbi kunabanye.

4.6.5 Ukuvavanywa kweenketho zomgaqo-nkqubo

Utshintsho ngumthetho wobomi. Kwaye abo bajonga kuphela kwixesha elidlulileyo okanye langoku ngokuqinisekileyo baza kuphoswa likamva
John F. Kennedy

Nokuba oorhulumente bathatha siphi isisombululo kule ngxaki, ubunzulu nobubanzi beempembelelo zayo kuthetha ukuba ukunyuka kweBitcoin kufuneka kongezwe kuluhlu lomngcipheko welizwe.

4.6.5.1 Ukuchasa - Umlo

Ezinye izinto zomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, kodwa ngakumbi ezabaphathi-mali, zibonakala ngathi zithathe le ndlela ixesha elininzi ukusukela oko iBitcoin yaba nexabiso elitsalayo. Xa imigaqo-nkqubo ivele, ihlala isabela kuphela, icotha kwaye inefuthe lokuthintela ukukhula. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusenokuba kungakhange kujoliswe kuko kwaye kusenokuba sisiphumo sokungabikho kwendlela ecwangcisiweyo evela kurhulumente, kwaye ke abaphathi-mali abangaphantsi.

Ukuba iBitcoin iyaqhubeka nokunyuka, iincwadi zembali ziya kubona ukuba ukutyhala amathuba kwabanye kuya kuba yinkohlakalo enkulu kubemi abahlala kumazwe athathe le ndlela. Ukunyuka kwe-intanethi kwachasa kancinci, ekuqaleni kakhulu, kumazwe aphuhlileyo, kodwa ubulumko baphumelela ngokukhawuleza kwaye uninzi lwezibonelelo zorhwebo nezobuchwepheshe zaphuhliswa, zakhiwa kwaye zafunyanwa ngala mazwe awamkela xa yayisencinci.

4.6.5.2 Sukuwukhathalela - Umngcakazi

Le ndlela ibonakala ngathi yeyona ithathwe ngurhulumente abaninzi ukusukela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2024 ngaphandle kwamazwe ambalwa afana ne-El Salvador ne-Bhutan. Nangona kukho imizamo yeendawo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezifana neBitcoin Policy Institute e-US kunye neBitcoin Policy UK, urhulumente abaninzi bahlala bengazi kakhulu ngemiba kwaye ke baphoswa zizinyathelo zokunciphisa umngcipheko namathuba avela kuKunyuka kweBitcoin. Xa imigaqo-nkqubo ibikhona, ihlala isabela kuphela endaweni yokucwangciswa kakuhle.

Ukungazi ngenjongo akufanele kube yindlela yamkelekileyo kuba kukudlala ngethamsanqa nekamva labantu abahlala kwiindawo urhulumente anoxanduva kuzo. Ukuxhasa ulwazi olungelulo kunye nokusebenzisa intetho yezopolitiko ukunciphisa itekhnoloji ebalulekileyo akusiyo indlela yokuziphatha kakuhle okanye yobungcali ekwenzeni ezopolitiko. Ukuhleka iBitcoin njenge 'imali yomlingo ye-intanethi' kusenokuba kwakufanelekile kwiminyaka yokuqala xa yayiyinto yabathandi bobuchwepheshe okanye inexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, kodwa ngoku akusisiso isikhundla esamkelekileyo.

4.6.5.3 Libazisa - Umphambili ongacothayo

Ukuzama ukulibazisa ukunyuka kweBitcoin yindlela enokwenziwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuya kuza ngexabiso lesiphumo esibi kubantu abahlala ngoku nakwixesha elizayo kwiindawo urhulumente anoxanduva kuzo. Ngenxa yalo mngcipheko, le ndlela kufuneka ilandelwe kuphela xa kukho ulwazi kunye nobuchule obufanelekileyo.

Kusenokubakho iindawo apho ukongeza ukulibazisa okuthile okuquka umxholo othile kwaye okuququzelelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe kungaba luncedo ekuthomalaliseni utshintsho olungathintelwa. Umzekelo omnye kukuba ngokunciphisa imizamo yokucinezela okanye ukubeka imithwalo engafanelekanga kwiinkampani zemidiya yoluntu eziphakathi, intshukumo eya kwizisombululo ezingacinezelwayo ingalibaziseka. Oku kunganciphisa iindleko zolawulo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwezezimali lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho olukhulu ixesha elide.

4.6.5.4 Yamkela - Umtsha kwezinto

Ukuba izakuphumelela, yixhase. Imbali iyabathanda abakhokelayo abaxhasa abaphumeleleyo.
James Dewar

Ukuba iBitcoin iyaqhubeka nokunyuka njengemali yehlabathi, abaphumeleleyo bokuqala baya kuba:

• Abantu abayamkele iBitcoin kwangoko
• Amashishini kunye nabanini zabelo abayamkele iBitcoin kwangoko
• Abemi bamazwe oorhulumente bawo abayamkele iBitcoin kwangoko

Ixesha elide wonke umntu uya kuxhamla, kodwa izibonelelo ezinkulu zokuqala ziya kungena kumazwe oorhulumente bawo abamkela le ndlela.

Ngokuyamkela iBitcoin ngoku oorhulumente banokuthi:

• Baxhase imfundo yabemi babo
• Baphuhlise umthetho weBitcoin kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ngokujonga kwixesha elide
• Bakhuthaze, okanye ubuncinane bahlale bengathathi cala, ukukhula kwamashishini amatsha
• Baqikelele utshintsho kuqoqosho - ubungakanani becandelo lezezimali, ukuncipha kobaluleko namandla eenkampani ezinkulu
• Balawule ifuthe kwimali karhulumente

Ngaba iBitcoin iza kwenza ingasasebenzi ipolitiki ekholelwa ukuba indima yayo kukulawula endaweni yokukhonza?
Dumisani

Kuyingozi ngakumbi eluntwini ukuba usozigidi achithe ubutyebi bakhe obungaphezulu kwinto encedo kunokuba achithe kwinto yobunewunewu. Kuba xa echitha kubunewunewu, ubangela umonakalo ikakhulu kuye kunye nabantu abakufutshane naye, kodwa xa echitha kwinto encedo, ubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngakumbi eluntwini.
John A. Hobson

4.7.0 Intshayelelo

Oorhulumente abayi kuphelelwa kuphela ngamandla okuqokelela irhafu kwiindidi ezininzi zemivuzo kunye nempahla; baphinde bajongane nokuphulukana namandla okuqobela abantu kwimicimbi yemali.
James Dale Davidson

Njengoko kuchaziwe kwicandelo elijolise koorhulumente, ukunyuka kweBitcoin kulindeleke ukuba kubeke uxinzelelo olukhulu kwiimali zikarhulumente zokuxhasa iinkonzo zentlalontle. Olu xinzelelo longezelelweyo kulindeleke ukuba luvele ngexesha elifanayo namazwe amaninzi aseNtshona ajongene nabemi abadala abaninzi.

Ukususwa kukarhulumente njengomxhasi okanye umhambisi weenkonzo, kudityaniswe nemfuno enkulu evela kubemi babo, kuya kukhokelela kwimfuno enkulu kakhulu yemisebenzi yenceba kunye nephilanthropi yokuxhasa loo misebenzi. Kwihlabathi apho iiasethi zemali zinokugcinwa ngokuzimeleyo kwaye zingabonakali ngokwasemzimbeni, amazinga aphezulu erhafu eqobayo anokuhlala kuphela, nokuba kumazwe anenkululeko yokhetho, ngokunyanzeliswa kwemida engamkelekanga kwinkululeko yokuhamba. Bona isicatshulwa esingentla esivela kwiThe Sovereign Individual, okanye uyifunde yonke.

Nangona kunjalo, zikhona amathuba kwimisebenzi yenceba kunye nemibutho engenzi nzuzo. Akusosiphelo semfuno yeenkonzo zabo, koko kukuchasene noko. Kwaye abaninzi kwabo bafunda kwaye babona kwangaphambili baza kuba nempumelelo ngeli xesha lotshintsho baza kulandela umkhondo wabo bangaphambili (umzekelo uRockefeller noCarnegie) baze babe ngabaphilanthropi njengoko bebona imfuno kwaye benamandla okunceda.

4.7.1 Imingcipheko

Ndinyanzelekile ukuba ndihlawule imali eninzi kubahluphekileyo ngokomthetho, kangangokuba andinakukwazi ukunikela ngokuzithandela... oku kuthintela kwaye kubuthathachisa umoya wenceba ngaphakathi; kwaye lo moya, xa ungasebenzi... uba buthathaka ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye ekugqibeleni, mhlawumbi, uyaphela ngokupheleleyo
Thomas Alcock

Imingcipheko ejongene nemibutho yenceba ivela kwezi ngqwalasela zilandelayo:

• Ukwanda kwemfuno yoluntu kwiinkonzo zempilo nentlalontle ngenxa yotshintsho lwabemi (kumazwe aphuhlileyo)
• Ukuncipha kwamandla karhulumente okuqhubeka nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezikhoyo
• Ukuncipha kwamandla karhulumente okuqhubeka nokuxhasa ngemali imibutho yenceba ukuze iqhubeke neenkonzo ezikhoyo

Oku kungasentla kukhokelela kwimngcipheko wokuba imibutho yenceba kunye neengenzinzuzo zinokujongana nemfuno enkulu yeenkonzo ngexesha elifanayo nemithombo ephambili yemali isehla.

Ngexesha lekhulu lama-20 urhulumente waba ngumboneleli ophambili weenkonzo zempilo nentlalontle kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo, imimandla eyayikade iphantsi kwemibutho yenceba, amaqela oluntu kunye neendawo zonqulo. Ukuvela kwenkqubo yentlalontle ukusukela emva kwemfazwe yesibini yehlabathi kusekelwe ekunyukeni kwamandla koorhulumente bamazwe. Ukuba oku kuya kutshintsha, kuya kuvela imingxunya kwinkonzo yoluntu kwaye abantu baza kuzama ukuzilungiselela ukuzalisa ezo mingxunya.

Kuyanyanyisa kuluntu oluphucukileyo ukuba izibhedlele zixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yenceba yabucala.
Aneurin Bevan

Nangona abantu abaninzi, kuquka nabapolitiki, benze amabango okuziphatha malunga nokuxhomekeka kwimibutho yenceba njengento "enyanyisayo" okanye efanayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukugcina ezo ngcinga kwakuyilungelo lexeshana. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ezo ngcinga ziye zaphikiswa ngokwengqondo. Ukubuyela kulindelo lokuba abo banamandla makhulu baza kuthwala umthwalo omkhulu ngokuzithandela kunokuba kuxhatshazwa, kunokuthi kube luncedo ngokuziphatha nangokwezentlalo.

Inkqubela yangoku kunye neyesikhathi esizayo kwitekhnoloji yehlabathi kunye nemveliso ithetha ukuba olu tshintsho aluyi kuba kukubuyela emva kwihlabathi langaphambi kwekhulu lama-20. Izixhobo zokubonelela ngeziseko zokhuseleko ezifunwayo namhlanje zigqithile kakhulu kwezo zikhoyo ngaphambili. Eneneni iBitcoin, ngokukhuthaza izigqibo ezingcono zokwabiwa kwezixhobo, ukukhula kwemali kunye nokunciphisa ukulibazisa, ngokwayo iya kubonelela ngesiseko esitsha sokwandisa izixhobo ezinokuveliswa luqoqosho lwehlabathi.

4.7.2 Izoyikiso

Utshintsho ngumthetho wobomi. Kwaye abo bajonga kuphela kwixesha elidlulileyo okanye langoku ngokuqinisekileyo baza kuphoswa lixesha elizayo
John F. Kennedy

Imali yokuxhasa

Imibutho yenceba okanye engenzi nzuzo efumana inkxaso-mali kurhulumente ophakathi okanye wengingqi inokuba semngciphekweni wokuncitshiswa kwezi mali ngenxa yokusasazeka kwamandla emali kude nezi ziko zopolitiko.

Umngcipheko ofanayo usebenza nakwimibutho efumana inkxaso-mali enkulu kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezinokuthi zona zibe semngciphekweni ngenxa yokunyuka kweBitcoin. Ngokukodwa, siza kugxininisa ezo nkampani namhlanje zisebenza kwicandelo leenkonzo zemali. Ukuba ezi nkampani zixhasayo azizilungiselele kwaye aziphenduli kule teknoloji intsha, amandla azo okuqhubeka nokuxhasa imisebenzi yenceba anokuncipha.

Imibutho yenceba efumana inxenye yemali yayo kutyalo-mali, ilifa okanye izibonelelo, inokuba semngciphekweni wokuba ingeniso yokwenene kwezi mali inciphe njengoko iBitcoin inciphisa ixabiso lemali elikhoyo kwezinye iiasethi. Ngokukodwa oku kunokuchaphazela umhlaba, igolide kunye nezitokhwe. Amabond akwanokuphulukana nexabiso lokwenene hayi ngenxa yokuxhaphaza karhulumente kuphela, kodwa nangenxa yokhuphiswano oluvela kwiasethi yemali entsha.

Ubume babaxhasi bemali buhlala butshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye oku akusiyo into entsha. Nangona kunjalo, into enokuthi yenzeke ngenxa yokunyuka kweBitcoin kukuba umahluko kwiingqikelelo kunye neembono zezizukulwana ezitsha unokwahluka kakhulu kunoko bekubonwa ngaphambili.

Ukwanda kwemfuno

Njengoko oorhulumente besiba namandla amancinci okubonelela ngezinye iinkonzo zempilo nentlalontle, kuya kubakho imfuno engagqitywanga eluntwini. Abantu baza kujonga ngakumbi kwimibutho emincinci, yengingqi ukuze bancede ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno. Imibutho emitsha iza kuvela, ixhaswa ngabaxhasi abatsha abazinikeleyo.

Ilizwe eliphuhlileyo lijongene nengxaki enkulu yabemi ngenxa yokuguga kwabantu kunye nokwehla kwamazinga okuzala. Le mikhwa ityhala oorhulumente ekubeni bangene kwiingxaki zemali kwaye kwezinye iimeko yandisa umthwalo wezikweletu zexesha elizayo ezingaxhaswanga. Imfuno emininzi yangoku ayihlangatyezwanga, kwaye izithembiso ezingenakwenzeka ukuba zifezekiswe ziyaqhubeka zenziwa. Oku kukhuthazwa zizizathu zexesha elifutshane zopolitiko, kodwa kunemiphumo embi yokunyusa ulindelo olungaphezulu kakhulu kokunokunikezelwa. Olu lindelo luyimvelaphi yemfuno yesikhathi esizayo kuba xa zingafezekiswanga, abantu banokungazilungiselele ngokwabo, nangona babenokukwazi ukuba bebengazifumani ezo zithembiso ekuqaleni.

4.7.3 Amathuba

Kule ndima sigxininisa amanye amathuba anokubakho kwimibutho yenceba kunye neengenzinzuzo anokubonelelwa yiBitcoin. Awagqitywanga, kodwa ngamathuba afumanekayo kwimibutho emininzi kwaye ajolise ekukhuthazeni ingcinga.

Enye ingcamango ephambili kukuba ukuba iBitcoin iyaqhubeka nokuba yiasethi kunye nemali exabisekileyo kwihlabathi, kukho isizukulwana esele sibandakanyekile namhlanje apho abaninzi babaphilanthropi bekamso baza kuvela khona. Bangamaqela anomdla kwaye azinikeleyo abaninzi sele beqonda ukuba ubutyebi obukhulu buza nomthwalo onzima. Kulindeleke ukuba bazimisele ngakumbi ukusebenzisana nokuxhasa imibutho yenceba ezibeka ngokuziphatha ukunceda abasweleyo, nokuba imfuno ikhona ngoku, okanye iza kuvela njengoko oorhulumente besiba namandla amancinci okuzalisekisa izithembiso zangaphambili.

Ngemfuno entsha kunye nesizukulwana esitsha sabaxhasi, kungafanelekile ukucinga ukuqala isebe elitsha lemibutho yenceba okanye engenzi nzuzo. Isebe elitsha elizimeleyo linokufumana ingqwalasela engcono kwaye likwazi ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokukhawuleza ekunikezeleni nasekufumaneni inkxaso-mali. Unokufumana nabasebenzi abathanda iBitcoin abakulungele ukunikela ngexesha labo ukukunceda, kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo zokuxhasa iphilanthropi ngemali, kuba ukuba nobutyebi kuthetha ukuba abantu bangabanikazi bexesha labo.

Yamkela kwaye ujonge iminikelo yeBitcoin

Ukwamkela iBitcoin yindlela elula, enexabiso eliphantsi yokunxibelelana nesizukulwana sabantu abathanda iBitcoin. Zininzi iinkampani kwihlabathi jikelele ezenza oku ukuze zifumane ingeniso eyongezelelweyo, zisebenzisa amajelo onxibelelwano oluntu kunye neenkonzo ezikwi-intanethi ukuzazisa, rhoqo simahla. Ngokwamkela iBitcoin, imibutho ivulela iminyango kwimarike yehlabathi ekhula ngokukhawuleza yabantu abatyebileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le marike kulula ukuyijolisa okwangoku kuba idibene kakhulu kumaqonga onxibelelwano oluntu nakwi-intanethi.

Kwezinye iindawo zerhafu, irhafu yenzuzo iyafuneka xa kusetyenziswa iBitcoin kumashishini. Nangona kunjalo, iminikelo kwimibutho yenceba inokuba ayirhafiswa nto leyo enciphisa imiqobo ngakumbi kunakwishishini.

Ukwakha igama elihle kolu lwalamano lwehlabathi okwangoku kuya kuba lula kakhulu kuneminyaka embalwa ezayo xa sele likhulu kwaye umbutho wakho ungomnye kwamakhulu amkela iBitcoin. Ukongeza, abantu obadibanisa nabo namhlanje kulindeleke ukuba babe yinxalenye enkulu yabaphilanthropi bekamso kunabo baza kwamkela iBitcoin kamva. Ukunxibelelana nolu lwalamano luvula amathuba ehlabathi ukuba uthathelwe ingqalelo kwiilifa zeBitcoin kunye nolunye uncedo olungengomali njengokuzinikela.

Ulawulo lweMali

Kwimibutho yenceba kunye neengenzinzuzo ezifumana ingeniso ethile kutyalo-mali okanye/izibonelelo, ukufaka iBitcoin kwindibaniselwano yotyalo-mali kunokuzisa iziphumo ezingcono kumngcipheko othile ngokunyusa iSharpe ratio. Bona iSahluko 7.3 'Ulawulo lweMali' ukufumana ulwazi olungakumbi ngaloku.

Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha ekunikezeleni

Amashishini amaninzi asebenzisana neBitcoin azisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezijolise kolu lwalamano ukukhuthaza ingeniso kunye nokuzinikela kwabathengi. Kukho ithuba lemibutho yenceba lokujonga indlela itekhnoloji yeBitcoin enokubonelela ngayo iqonga lokuphucula indlela abanikela ngayo iinkonzo zabo.

Sinikezela umzekelo omnye apha ukukunceda uqonde le ngcamango kwaye sikuncede kwinkqubo yakho yokwenza izinto ezintsha.

‘Bhanka’ abangenaso isikhwama: Amakhadi okuhlawula eBitcoin, anikezelwa kwaye agcwaliswa yimibutho yenceba, anokunceda abantu abangenazo iiakhawunti zebhanki, nokuba ngenxa yemiba yesazisi okanye ingeniso encinci, ukufikelela kwiinkonzo ezifana neebhanki zokutya ngelixa begcina imfihlo kunye nesidima. Esi sisombululo sinokukhuthaza izakhono ezinxulumene nokuphila ngokuzimela njengokwenza izigqibo ezisekwe kubhajethi evenkileni. Oku kunokubonelela ngesiseko sokuba abafumani-mali bafumane amava kulawulo lwezemali nangona bengafikeleli kwiibhanki. Kunganceda nokuqinisekisa ukuba iintlawulo zifika kwiindawo ezifunekayo ngokukhawuleza nangexabiso eliphantsi.

Ulwakhiwo lokuNikela

Cinga ngokusasaza ulwakhiwo ukuze ubandakanye uluntu lwendawo ngakumbi. Ulwakhiwo olusasazekileyo lunokukhuthaza ukubandakanyeka okuvela ezantsi kwaye lunokubonakalisa ngcono intshukumo eya kwihlabathi olusasazekileyo.

Ukwanda kwemfuno

Chonga indawo apho iinjongo zothando zombutho wakho zinqamlezana khona neendawo apho kukho iimfuno ezingekagcwaliswa, okanye apho urhulumente ngoku egcwalisa ezinye iimfuno kodwa anokurhoxa okanye anciphise unikezelo xa ejongene nemingeni yezezimali kwixesha elizayo.

Beka phambili kwaye wenze izicwangciso zokwandisa iinkonzo zakho kwezi ndawo.

4.7.4 Umsebenzi

Yila iphulo lokuqokelela-mali elijolise kubantu abasebenzisa iBitcoin.

Ezinye izinto onokuzicingela:

• Kutheni abaxhasi bothando abavela kule teknoloji beya kufuna ukusebenzisana nawe?
• Zeziphi amaxabiso agcinwa ngolu luntu?
• Umbutho wakho okanye iphulo lakho lihlangana njani nala maxabiso?
• Loluphi uzibophelelo kwiBitcoin olunokutsala iminikelo kakhulu?
• Lusazinzulu njani ngokweendawo olu luntu?
• Zeziphi iindidi zobutyebi ezikhoyo kolu luntu namhlanje, kwaye kwixesha elizayo?
• Ungathetha njani nabo kwaye ubafikelele?
• Ungayiphuhlisa njani intsebenziswano yexesha elide kunye nokuthembana nale ndidi zabantu?