Indlela Yokusebenzisa iBitcoin

Kutheni umntu angathembela imali yama-nerd xa kuthelekiswa nemali yebhanki ephakathi? Ama-nerd akuzisele i-intanethi. Iibhanki zikuzisele uQoqosho oluKhulu lweHlabathi.
Satoshi Nakamoto

Ngoku sele siqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni i-bitcoin kunye nenjongo yayo, lixesha lokufunda indlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokwenene. Kolu candelo, siza kukukhokela inyathelo ngenyathelo kwinkqubo yokufumana i-bitcoin, siphonononge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeewallets ezikhoyo, sikuncede usete eyakho iBitcoin wallet, kwaye siqhelise ukuthumela nokulandelela intengiselwano yeBitcoin kwinethiwekhi. Lixesha lokusebenzisa ulwazi lwakho kwisenzo!

Zininzi iindlela zokufumana nokutshintshiselana nge-bitcoin. Umzekelo, unako:

• Uhlawulwe nge-bitcoin njengentlawulo yomsebenzi wakho kwaye uhlawule iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zabanye abantu usebenzisa i-bitcoin (siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngale nto kwiSahluko 7)
• Umgodi we-bitcoin (siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngale nto kwiSahluko 9)
• Tshintshiselana ngemali yakho yesiqhelo (i-Rand) nge-bitcoin okanye utshintshe i-bitcoin yakho ngemali yesiqhelo ubuso ngobuso.
• Tshintshiselana ngemali yakho yesiqhelo (i-Rand) nge-bitcoin okanye utshintshe i-bitcoin yakho ngemali yesiqhelo kwi-intanethi.

Ngezantsi, siza kuphonononga indlela yokutshintshiselana ngemali yesiqhelo ne-bitcoin nangokuphindaphindiweyo, zombini ngendlela yobuso ngobuso nakwi-intanethi, kuba ezi zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo.

Peer-to-Peer: Ubuso ngobuso

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiintengiselwano phakathi kwabantu ababini (P2P) ukuthenga nokuthengisa i-bitcoin ubuso ngobuso kuthetha ukutshintshiselana ngokuthe ngqo ngemali yesiqhelo (okanye ezinye iimpahla okanye iinkonzo) nge-bitcoin nomnye umntu, ngaphandle kwesidingo sebhanki okanye omnye umntu ophakathi.

Zombini amaqela ayavumelana ngesixa semali kunye nemali yokutshintshiselana. Umthengi unika imali, umthengisi uthumela i-bitcoin, kwaye intengiselwano igqityiwe xa iqinisekisiwe kwi-blockchain. Ukutshintshiselana nge-bitcoin ngemali yesiqhelo kusebenza ngendlela efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Peer-to-Peer: Kwi-Intanethi

Nangona kulula ukwenza utshintshiselwano phakathi kwabantu ababini ubuso ngobuso ngokudibana nomnye umntu kwihlabathi lokwenyani, oku kuza nomngcipheko othile — njengazo zonke ezinye iintengiselwano zemali ezibanjwa ubuso ngobuso. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu bekhetha ukutshintshiselana nge-bitcoin kwi-intanethi, naphi na bakhoyo ngenxa ye-intanethi.

Nazi iindawo zokutshintshiselana phakathi kwabantu ababini kwi-intanethi, apho abathengi nabathengisi be-Bitcoin badibana khona kwi-cyberspace ukwenza iintengiselwano ngaphandle kwabalamli, ngokuthe ngqo kwi-intanethi.

Kwiindawo ezinjalo, akudingeki ukuba uthembe nabani na ngolwazi lwakho okanye ngemali yakho; udibana nabanye abantu kwaye nithengiselana ngokuthe ngqo.

Iindawo zokutshintshiselana eziphakathi (Centralized Exchanges)

Iindawo zokutshintshiselana eziphakathi ziinkampani ezivumela abathengi ukuba bathenge kwaye bathengise i-bitcoin ngokuthe ngqo ngazo. Zezona ndlela zilula zokufumana nokuthengisa i-bitcoin, kodwa le lula iza nemingeni emikhulu.

Imingeni yeZiko lokuTshintshiselana (Centralized Exchanges Trade-Offs)

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa uthenga i-bitcoin kwiindawo zokutshintshiselana eziphakathi, rhoqo kufuneka unikeze ulwazi lwakho lomntu siqu kwaye uqinisekise isazisi sakho. Oku kudala umngcipheko wokuba ulwazi lwakho lungabi khuselekile kwaye lube semngciphekweni wokuba luphangeleke. Ukongeza, ezi ndawo zigcina i-bitcoin yakho egameni lakho, okuthetha ukuba awulawuli imali yakho de uyirhoxise.

Ukongeza kwezi ngxaki, iindawo zokutshintshiselana eziphakathi zinokusebenzisa kakubi imali yomsebenzisi okanye zithengise i-bitcoin engaphezulu kunaleyo zinayo de ziwile — Ewe, kanye njengeebhanki! Ngaphandle kokuba, kwihlabathi le-Bitcoin, akukho bhanki ephakathi yokusindisa iibhanki ezikhohlakeleyo ngokushicilela imali engakumbi, kuba awukwazi ukuprinta i-bitcoin engakumbi!

Ngokungafaniyo nemali ebonakalayo, i-bitcoin ayigcinwanga ngokwenene kwi-wallet ye-Bitcoin. Endaweni yoko, zihlala kwi-ledger esasazekileyo eqinisekiswa kwaye ikhuseleke rhoqo yi-network ye-Bitcoin. Ke, ungayiba njani i-bitcoin?

Unobunini be-bitcoin yakho kuphela xa ulawula izitshixo zabucala ezikuvumela ukuba usayine iintengiselwano kwaye udlulisele ubunini be-bitcoin yakho komnye umntu. Le yindlela yokuthumela i-bitcoin.

Masijonge kwiingcamango ezimbini esizisebenzisayo xa sithetha igama elithi wallet:

• Isitshixo esikhulu sabucala, njengaloo password, apho izitshixo zakho zikawonke-wonke, ezifana nedilesi ye-imeyile, ziveliswa khona. Ungabelana ngedilesi yakho kawonke-wonke nabanye ukuze wamkele kwaye uthumele i-bitcoin, kodwa akufanele uze wabelane ngesitshixo sakho sabucala!
• Ujongano lweselfowuni okanye lwekhompyutha olusetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana ne-network ye-Bitcoin, ukujonga ibhalansi yakho ye-bitcoin, ukuthumela nokwamkela iintengiselwano, kunye nokuzisasaza kwi-network. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeewallet, kunye neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zazo, ziya kuchazwa kwiindawo ezilandelayo.

Iiwallet Zokuzigcina vs Iiwallet Zogcino-mali

Phambi kokuba sichaze iindidi ezahlukeneyo zee-wallet ze-Bitcoin kunye neempawu zazo, masenze umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweewallet zokuzigcina kunye neewallet zogcino-mali. Uhlobo ngalunye luneenzuzo zalo, imingcipheko, kunye nenqanaba lolawulo kwi-bitcoin. Ukuzigcina kuthetha ukuba umsebenzisi ugcina izitshixo zabucala kwaye ulawula ngokwenene i-bitcoin yakhe; kwi-wallet yogcino-mali, umntu wesithathu ugcina i-bitcoin egameni lomsebenzisi.

Kwi-wallet yokuzigcina (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-non-custodial wallet), nguwe kuphela onazo izitshixo ze-wallet kwaye unolawulo olupheleleyo kwinto engenayo nophumayo. Kwelinye icala, kwi-wallet yogcino-mali omnye umntu ugcina isitshixo sabucala, emnika ulawulo olupheleleyo lokuhambisa nayiphi na i-bitcoin leyo umnikezeli ayilawulayo egameni lakho.

• Ukuzigcina kufana nokuba yibhanki yakho. Iintengiselwano aziphantsi kophicotho-zincwadi nolawulo
• Ukuzigcina kuqinisekisa ukuba abantu besithathu abanakuthatha i-bitcoin yakho.
• Ukuzigcina kunika uxolo lwengqondo ngexesha lokungaqiniseki, kuba uyazi ukuba i-bitcoin yakho ikhuselekile.

Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-wallet olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu bafumana kunzima ukwahlula ukuba bafaka i-wallet yokuzigcina okanye yogcino-mali. Le theyibhile ibonisa umahluko kwinkqubo yokufaka.

“Not your keys, not your coins” sisaga esidumileyo phakathi kwabanini be-bitcoin. Sithetha ukuba ukuba awulawuli ngokuthe ngqo izitshixo zabucala ezinxulumene ne-wallet yakho ye-Bitcoin, awunabunini bokwenene beemali.

Nabani na ofumana izitshixo zakho zabucala unobunini be-bitcoin yakho. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzikhusela ngokuzigcina kude namehlo angafunekiyo! Siza kubona iindlela ezimbalwa onokwenza ngazo oku kamva encwadini.

Kwicandelo elilandelayo, siza kuthetha ngeewallet zokuzigcina kuphela, apho umsebenzisi enezitshixo zakhe kwaye unolawulo olupheleleyo kwi-bitcoin yakhe.

Ungakhathazeki ukuba kubonakala kunzima okanye awuqondi yonke into — le luhambo, kwaye uya kuqonda ngcono xa uqala ukusebenzisa i-Bitcoin!

Iindidi Ezohlukeneyo Zee-Wallet ze-Bitcoin

Indawo apho isitshixo sakho sabucala senziwa kwaye sigcinwa ichaza indlela esichaza ngayo ii-wallet ze-Bitcoin. Ukuba izitshixo zikwiselfowuni yakho, yiyo mobile wallet. Ukuba zigcinwe ngokhuseleko kwisixhobo esizinikeleyo, yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-hardware wallet.

Ngenxa yokuba izitshixo zinokuhanjiswa ukusuka kwesinye isixhobo ukuya kwesinye, “imeko” ye-wallet yakho ye-Bitcoin ayisoloko isisigxina. Umzekelo, ukuba ndenza izitshixo ze-wallet yam kwikhompyutha ndize ndizihambise kwifowuni yam kamva, i-“desktop wallet” iba yi-“mobile wallet.”

Xa kufikwa ekugcineni i-bitcoin yakho, akuphelelanga nje ekubeni ngubani onolawulo kwizitshixo — zininzi nezinye iingozi ekufuneka uziqwalasele. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufumana indlela yokugcina ekhuselekileyo kwaye elula. Xa uhlalutya izinto ezahlukeneyo zeewallet, uza kufunda ukuba akukho wallet igqibeleleyo enokuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno.

Yintoni omawuyiqwalasele xa ukhetha i-wallet

• Ukhuseleko: Qinisekisa ukuba i-wallet inemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko eqinileyo.
• Ubumfihlo: Qwalasela ukuba i-wallet ifuna ulwazi lomntu siqu.
• Ukulula ukuyisebenzisa: Khetha i-wallet ekulula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyijonga.
• Ukuhambelana: Qinisekisa ukuba i-wallet iyahambelana nesixhobo sakho.
• Imirhumo: Thelekisa imirhumo ehlawuliswa zi-wallet ezahlukeneyo.
• Igama elihle: Jonga igama labaphuhlisi ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayathembeka.
• Ulawulo: Ezinye ii-wallet zikunika ulawulo olungakumbi kwizitshixo zakho zabucala.

Open Source vs Closed Source

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyigcine engqondweni xa ukhetha i-wallet ye-Bitcoin kukuqonda ukuba usetyenziso okanye isoftware ivulelekile (open-source) na. Oku kubalulekile kuba iiprojekthi ezivulekileyo zivumela uluntu ukuba luhlolisise ikhowudi kwaye luqhubeke neprojekthi xa iqela liphumelele ukuyisebenza. Njengokuba ikhowudi ye-Bitcoin ivulekile ngokupheleleyo ukuze wonke umntu ayijonge, ayisebenzise, kwaye ayiguqule, kunjalo kufuneka ikhowudi ye-wallet oyisebenzisayo ukulawula i-bitcoin yakho ibe njalo.

Umsebenzi: Ingxoxo kunye novavanyo lwee-wallet ze-Bitcoin

Ngena kule webhusayithi ilandelayo: https://bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet

Sebenzisa ulwazi lwakho olutsha malunga neewallet zeBitcoin ukuze ukhethe leyo ifanele iimfuno zakho ngokusekelwe kwimigangatho esiyithethe namhlanje.

Umsebenzi: Ukuseta kunye nokuBuyisela iWallet

Ngoku ukuba siqonda ngcono ii-wallet zeBitcoin kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwazo, siza kubona indlela yokusebenzisa enye kwindlela esebenzayo. Kulo mzekelo, siza kwenza i-wallet yeselfowuni ngqo kwi-smartphone yethu. Ukuba abafundi abanazo ii-smartphone, utitshala uya kubanika enye ukuze bayisebenzise. Kukho iinketho ezimbini kulo msebenzi.

Ukhetho 1: Khuphela iWallet Entsha

Indlela yokwenza nokusebenzisa i-wallet yeBitcoin:

1. Khangela usetyenziso kwi-App Store (iOS) okanye kwi-Google Play Store (Android)
2. Vula usetyenziso uze ukhethe "Yenza i-wallet entsha". Isitshixo sakho sabucala senziwa ngokuzenzekelayo lusetyenziso lwakho.
3. Uya kucelwa ukuba ubhale phantsi uluhlu lwamagama ali-12 ukuya kwangama-24 uze uwagcine kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Le yindlela yakho yokubuyisela i-wallet, recovery phrase (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-seed phrase): ikuvumela ukuba ufumane ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwiimali zakho xa kukho imfuneko.Khumbula ukuba ukuba ulahleka okanye ulibale olu luhlu lwamagama, awuyi kukwazi ukufikelela kwi-bitcoin yakho ukuba ulahlekelwa yi-wallet yakho. Kwakhona, ukuba nabani na ufumana i-recovery phrase yakho, baya kufumana ukufikelela kwi-bitcoin yakho!
4. Kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ugcine i-recovery phrase yakho. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ufake, ngokulandelelana okufanayo, amagama e-seed phrase yakho.
5. Njengenye indlela yokhuseleko, ezinye ii-wallet zikuvumela ukuba ukhethe igama lokugqitha elikhuselekileyo.
6. Emva kokuba ugcine i-recovery phrase yakho, ngenisa kwi-wallet. Khangela ukhetho oluthi "Yamkela": i-wallet yakho iya kuvelisa isitshixo sikawonke-wonke ukuze wamkele i-bitcoin.
7. Dlulisa i-bitcoin kwi-wallet yakho. Nge-wallet ozilawulayo, awusoloko unako ukuthenga i-bitcoin ngqo ngemali yesintu, ngoko unokufuna ukuyithenga uze uyidlulisele kwi-exchange kuqala.

Cinga ngesitshixo sakho public key njengedilesi yakho ye-imeyile: le uyabelana ngayo nabanye ukuze bakuthumele i-bitcoin (okanye, kwimeko ye-imeyile, i-imeyile).

Cinga ngesitshixo sakho private key njengelithi igama lokugqitha kwi-imeyile yakho: awuzukwabelana ngale nto nabani na, kuba ingabavumela ukufikelela kwi-imeyile yakho.

Ukhetho 2: Buyisela iWallet

Khuphela i-wallet yeBitcoin uze ungeze ii-sats kubafundi ngamnye.

Nikeza umfundi ngamnye iphepha eline recovery phrase ukuze abuyise i-wallet.

Khokela abafundi inyathelo ngenyathelo:

1. Xa uqala i-wallet yakho okokuqala, uya kubona iindlela ezintathu zokwenza i-wallet, cofa [Ngenisa i-wallet ekhoyo]. Uya kubona isikrini sesingeniso, cofa [Buyisela nge-recovery phrase].
2. Faka amagama e-recovery phrase yakho nganye nganye, ngokulandelelana okufanelekileyo.
3. Uya kubona umyalezo wokuqinisekisa xa i-wallet yakho ingeniswe ngempumelelo. Imali yakho ebuyiselweyo ilungele ukusetyenziswa!

Intengiselwano yeBitcoin litshintshelo lobunini bebitcoin kumntu omtsha. Qaphela ukuba akusosimali uqobo oludluliselwa, koko bubunini baso: ngamanye amazwi, ilungelo lokulusebenzisa. Rhoqo xa intengiselwano yamkelwa kwibhloko, zonke i-node kwinethiwekhi zihlaziya ikopi yazo yencwadi yoluntu ukubonisa utshintsho lobunini. Kule ndlela, intengiselwano yeBitcoin ifana ngakumbi nentengiselwano yezindlu (okanye enye impahla) kunentengiselwano yemali.

Ukuze "uthumele" i-bitcoin, umthumeli usayina umyalezo ngeyona nto yakhe yabucala, ebonisa inethiwekhi ukuba umnini wokwenene we-bitcoin udlulisele ubunini kumamkeli.

I-bitcoin ngoku iya kudityaniswa nedilesi yomamkeli, imnika ubunini be-bitcoin, ukuze kuphela umnini omtsha angayisebenzisa esebenzisa isitshixo sakhe sabucala.

Iintengiselwano ezintsha zeBitcoin ziqalelwa kwi-wallets kwihlabathi lonke, kodwa akukho msebenzi ophakathi wokuhlawula. Endaweni yoko, abavukuzi bayakhuphisana ukurekhoda iintengiselwano kwincwadi.

Masithi uSipho uboleke uNoluthando i-0.5 BTC kwaye ulungele ukumhlawula. Bobabini bane-wallets zedijithali.

1. UNoluthando wabelana ngedilesi yakhe noSipho.
2. USipho usebenzisa isoftware ye-wallet yakhe ukwenza intengiselwano, equka idilesi kaNoluthando, isixa esiza kudluliselwa (0.5 BTC), kunye nemali yomvukuzi. Imali ephezulu yenza kube lula ukuba umvukuzi ayifake intengiselwano kwibhloko elandelayo.
3. Emva kokusayina intengiselwano, iyasakazwa kwinethiwekhi, apho iqinisekiswa khona zi-node. Zijonga ukuba uSipho unayo na imali eyaneleyo kwaye ungumnini wokwenene weemali azimisele ukuzisebenzisa. Ukuba akunjalo, bayayikhaba intengiselwano kwangoko.
4. Xa intengiselwano iqinisekisiwe, abavukuzi bakhetha ukuba bayifake na intengiselwano kwibhloko elandelayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimali ekhethiweyo. Xa intengiselwano ingene kwibhloko, yongezwa kwi-blockchain kwaye imali idluliselwa kwidilesi kaNoluthando.
5. Ubunini budluliselwe kuNoluthando. Ngoku angasebenzisa isitshixo sakhe sabucala ukusebenzisa imali.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa intengiselwano igqityiwe, ayinakuguqulwa.

Xa umthumeli sele enedilesi yakho, angakuthumelela i-bitcoin ngokufaka idilesi yakho kunye nesixa afuna ukusithumela. I-bitcoin emva koko ithunyelwa ukusuka kwi-wallet yakhe iye kwi-wallet yakho.

Intengiselwano iqinisekiswa yiNethiwekhi yeBitcoin kwaye idla ngokuthatha malunga nemizuzu eli-10. Ukuze ukhuseleke ngakumbi, kucetyiswa ukuba ulinde iziqinisekiso ezimbini, ezithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-20.

Umsebenzi: Iintengiselwano Zisebenza

Lo ngumsebenzi wokusebenzisana owenza lula indima ezisisiseko zabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwintengiselwano yeBitcoin.

Amanqaku Aphambili

1. Kukho iindidi ezine zabathathi-nxaxheba kuyo yonke intengiselwano ye-bitcoin: umthumeli, umamkeli, abavukuzi, kunye nabaqhubi bee-node.
2. Umthumeli kufuneka avume (asayine ngokwe-cryptography) isixa se-bitcoin sokuthumela KWAYE idilesi ethile yokuthumela kuyo.
3. Umamkeli kufuneka anikeze nge-idilesi esebenzayo kumthumli KWAYE aqinisekise ukuba intengiselwano iqinisekiswe ngempumelelo kwi-blockchain.
4. Abavukuzi baqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimfuno ziyasebenza phambi kokuba bongeze iintengiselwano kwiibhloko ezizayo.
5. Abasebenzisi beenodi baqinisekisa ukuba iibhloko ezivunyiweyo ziyasebenza phambi kokuhlaziya inguqulelo yabo ye-blockchain (incwadi yemali).

Ingcebiso kubafundi

Jikeleza kuzo zonke izikhundla ezine ukuze ufumane amava omsebenzi womntu ngamnye.

Nokuba wenza ntoni na kwi-Bitcoin, khumbula oku: “Musa Ukuthemba, Qinisekisa.” Akukho balawuli kwi-Bitcoin. Akufanele ulandele nje izimangalo zomntu ngaphandle kokubuza; kufuneka uhlale ubuza imibuzo malunga noko uxelelwa kona kwaye uqinisekise ngokwakho. Ngokulandela le mfundiso, uza kuzikhusela ekuphulukaneni ne-bitcoin yakho. Oku kusebenza kwizimangalo ezifana nokuthi “le iya kuba yi-Bitcoin elandelayo” njengoko kusebenza kwi “ithuba lotyalo-mali” okanye izithembiso ze “nzuzo ekhawulezayo nelula.” Kungenxa yoko le nto kufuneka sikhethe iiprojekthi ezivulelekileyo (open-source). Ukuba awukwazi ukuqinisekisa ikhowudi ngokwakho, kuya kufuneka uthembe uluntu oliza kuyenza le nto endaweni yakho; kodwa kungcono ukuthemba iqela elizimeleyo nelingaxhomekekanga kunokuba uthembe inkokeli okanye iqela elingasemva kweprojekthi.