Yintoni iBitcoin?

Abantu abaninzi bayayilahla ngokuzenzekelayo imali yedijithali njengento engenakwenzeka ngenxa yeenkampani ezininzi ezasile ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1990. Ndiyathemba kuyacaca ukuba yindlela yokulawulwa embindini kwezo nkqubo eyabangela ukuba ziphumelele. Ndicinga ukuba lixesha lokuqala sizama inkqubo engaxhomekekanga kuthembeko, engenaziko lokulawula.Satoshi Nakamoto

Njengoko sabona kwisifundo esidlulileyo, amaCypherpunks amaninzi azama ukudala enye indlela yemali. Esi sifundo siqhubekeka nembali yomnye wabo: umbono obalaseleyo owaziwa njenge “Satoshi Nakamoto”. Lo mntu ongaziwayo (okanye iqela), kudala phambi kweBitcoin, wayethatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo ezikwi-intanethi malunga ne-cryptography kunye nekhompyutha ukuze kufunyanwe iindlela ezisebenzayo zokutshintsha inkqubo yemali ye-fiat.

Ngo-Okthobha ka-2008, uNakamoto wabhengeza uxwebhu olutsha olubalulekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” kuluhlu lwe-imeyile lwe-cryptography. Olu xwebhu lwabeka isiseko senkqubo ye-peer-to-peer engaxhomekekanga, eyenzelwe ukuququzelela ukuthengiselana okukhuselekileyo kwi-intanethi ngaphandle kwesidingo sabalamli. Umbono kaNakamoto wawucacile: ukudala uhlobo lwemali yedijithali olusekelwe kubantu bodwa, lukhululekile kulawulo lwemimandla enamandla kunye neenkampani zezezimali.

Nangona ubuwena bukaNakamoto bungaziwa, injongo yakhe yayingacacanga: ukuthabatha amandla kwabambalwa aze ayibuyisele ebantwini abaninzi ngokudala inkqubo yemali evulekileyo, ecacileyo, engenaziko, ezimeleyo kurhulumente.
Bitcoin yayisisimanga kwimicimbi yezezimali ka-2008, eyabetha abantu abaqhelekileyo ngelixa izizityebi zixhamla. Yanika enye indlela kwinkohlakalo kunye nobuthathaka benkqubo ye-fiat. UNakamoto wabeka isiseko sento entsha, waza wakhetha ukungazithathi izidima.

NgoJanuwari 3, 2009, uNakamoto wagrumba ibhloko yokuqala yeBitcoin, eyaziwa njenge genesis block. Oku kwabhengeza ukuqaliswa kwenethiwekhi yeBitcoin, inkqubo engaxhomekekanga kuthembeko, ekhuselekileyo ngebhuku-mali elisasazekileyo.

Ngo-2011, emva kokubonisa ukuba inethiwekhi ingaqhuba ngaphandle kwakhe, uNakamoto wasuka, eshiya iBitcoin ezandleni zabanye ababelana nombono wakhe.

Kwiminyaka elandelayo, abantu abaninzi bajoyina baza banegalelo. IBitcoin yakhula yaba luphawu lwethemba kunye namandla, inika indlela ekhuselekileyo, engenakuthintelwa yokuthengiselana. Njengenkqubo evulekileyo, akukho mntu unokuyilawula, kwaye nabani na angathatha inxaxheba.

Namhlanje, umbono kaNakamoto wenkqubo yezezimali engenamda necacileyo uyaqhubeka. Abantu kwihlabathi liphela bakhetha iBitcoin, kwaye uqoqosho olujikeleze iBitcoin luyavela kwiindawo ezininzi.

Indlela Yokuvumelana kaNakamoto

Ke, iBitcoin isebenza njani? IBitcoin inezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye xa uqala ukuyifunda, ungafumanisa ukuba inzulu kakhulu. Ngethamsanqa, ukuba ungumntu omtsha kwiBitcoin, akufuneki uqonde yonke into ngokupheleleyo ukuze uqale ukuyisebenzisa.

Kufana nendlela abasebenzisi abaninzi bengayazi indlela i-intanethi isebenza ngayo: abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba i-TCP/IP protocol isebenza njani, kodwa basathumela ii-imeyile nemiyalezo, kwaye bapapasha umxholo kwiintanethi zabo zentlalo yonke imihla. Kufana nokuqhuba imoto — abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba imoto isebenza njani ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa bayakwazi ukuqhuba.

IBitcoin ayikagqitywa ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi okwangoku. Sisixhobo esitsha, njengendlela i-intanethi yayinjalo kwiminyaka yee-90s. Ngenxa yoku, kunokuba luncedo ukugxila kwiziseko zeBitcoin, endaweni yokugxila kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa bayo.

Ingcamango ephambili ngendlela iBitcoin esebenza ngayo ingacatshulwa ngomhlathi omnye: IBitcoin yimithetho eqhelekileyo evunyelwene ngayo ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinethiwekhi. Ungayicinga njengomdlalo webhodi odlalwa nabahlobo. Kumdlalo onjengeMonopoly, niyavumelana nabanye abadlali ngemithetho ethile. Enye yemithetho yeMonopoly kukuba kufuneka kusetyenziswe kuphela "iibhili zeMonopoly". Ukuba uSipho (omnye wabadlali) angathatha isigqibo sokusebenzisa iphepha langasese endaweni yeebhili zeMonopoly ukuthenga indlu, abanye abadlali bangamxelela ukuba uyakhohlisa baze bayeke ukudlala naye. Ngamafutshane, ukuze udlale umdlalo, kufuneka kube nokuvumelana kwimigaqo kwaye nize nivumelane ukuba ningaphambuki kuyo, kungenjalo niya kugxothwa.

Le yindlela iBitcoin esebenza ngayo. IBitcoin yindawo yabantu abavumelana ngemithetho efanayo. Le mithetho ibhalwe ngeendlela ezinzulu zobalo, ibhalwe kwikhompyutha, kwaye yamkelwa ngqo ngabo bonke abasebenzisa isoftware yeBitcoin. Imithetho yeBitcoin isebenza kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba ngokulinganayo, oko kuthetha ukuba wonke umdlali kufuneka alandele imithetho yomdlalo okanye angakwazi ukudlala kuba inethiwekhi iza kumgxotha.

Umzekelo, enye yemithetho yeBitcoin ithi "Akusoze kubekho iBitcoin ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-21." Ukuba umntu angazama ukwenza iBitcoin ezizigidi ezongezelelweyo, ngeke zibe luncedo kuye, kuba bonke abanye baya kumqaphela baze bamgxothe. Le nto yenza iBitcoin yomelele kangaka.

Oku kusebenza nakubantu kunye nemibutho enempembelelo enkulu kwihlabathi lefiat. KwiBitcoin, akukho ndawo yokukhohlisa okanye ukonakalisa — wonke umntu uphathwa ngokulinganayo, kwaye akukho mntu unokutshintsha loo nto.

Uyazi ukuba, ukusukela ngo-2009, iBitcoin iye yamelana nemizamo yamawaka yokuyihacka, ukuyitshintsha, okanye ukuyonakalisa? IBitcoin ibonakalise rhoqo ukuba akukho mntu unokuyimisa, ukuyilawula, okanye ukuyiphazamisa.

Abadlali Bomdlalo

Ukuze siqonde ngcono indlela iBitcoin esebenza ngayo ngokungaphakathi, kufuneka singene nzulu kwiindima ezahlukeneyo kwinethiwekhi. KwiBitcoin, abathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo badlala indima ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezihambelanayo, bephuhlisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweprotocol.

1. Abavukuzi: Abakhi Bokhuseleko

Abavukuzi bangumqolo weBitcoin. Basebenza ngasemva ukuqinisekisa nokukhusela inethiwekhi besebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yiProof-of-Work (PoW).

Abadlali aba banomatshini abakhethekileyo abanamandla amakhulu okusebenza. Bafaka la mandla kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin, bekhuphisana omnye nomnye kumdyarho wehlabathi wonke wokongeza iibhloko ezintsha zotshintshiselwano kwincwadi yeBitcoin (i-blockchain). Ukuzinikela kwabo kuqinisekisa ukuba incwadi ayinakutshintshwa kwaye ikhuseleke kwiintshutshiso ezimbi.

Indalo yokuzimela kwabavukuzi ithetha ukuba nabani na angathatha inxaxheba — kodwa enyanisweni, ukhuphiswano lukhulu. Njengomvuzo wokunceda kwabo, umvukuzi wokuqala osombulula iphazili ufumana iBitcoin entsha, umvuzo obizwa ngokuba yi-block reward.

Abavukuzi beBitcoin basasazeke kwihlabathi lonke, begcina inethiwekhi ikhuselekile kwaye ingagxilwanga, beqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko lweBitcoin luhlala lomelele kwaye lusasazekile.

2. Iinodi: Abagcini Bokuvavanya

Iinodi zeBitcoin ziqhutywa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo kwihlabathi lonke. Aba bathathi-nxaxheba basebenza njengabagcini benethiwekhi yeBitcoin ngokusebenzisa isoftware yeBitcoin kwiikhompyutha zabo apho bagcina ikopi yonke yencwadi. Iinodi zivavanya utshintshiselwano kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba bonke abathathi-nxaxheba balandela imithetho yokuvumelana.

Ngokusasaza uxanduva lokuvavanya phakathi kwenethiwekhi yeenodi, iBitcoin ihlala yomelele kwiintshutshiso kwaye igcina ukungathembani. Iinodi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwencwadi, zize zibe yinxalenye yenkcubeko yokuzimela yeBitcoin.

3. Abasebenzisi: Abathathi-nxaxheba Abagunyazisiweyo

Abasebenzisi — umphefumlo wenethiwekhi yeBitcoin — ngabantu abenza utshintshiselwano. Ungabacinga njengabantu abaqhelekileyo abaye bazigunyazisa ngokusebenzisa iBitcoin ebomini babo. Umzekelo, abanye abasebenzisi bagcina imali yabo kwiBitcoin ngelixa abanye beyisebenzisa ukuthenga ukutya okanye ukufumana umvuzo wabo.

IBitcoin inika abasebenzisi amandla ngokususa isidingo sabalamli abafana neebhanki noorhulumente, ivumela utshintshiselwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwabantu. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzisi banolawulo olupheleleyo kwimali yabo nakwiintshukumo zabo.

4. Abaphuhlisi neeProjekthi: Abakhi boPhuhliso

Inkqubo yemali yekamva ayizukuzakhela yona, kwaye ayizukwamkelwa kwihlabathi lonke ngendlela efanelekileyo ngaphandle komzamo. Apho ke bangena khona abaphuhlisi beBitcoin kunye neeprojekthi. Abaphuhlisi basebenzisa ubuchule babo bobugcisa ukuphucula nokwenza izinto ezintsha kwiBitcoin protocol. Aba bantu bafaka ikhowudi, bacebisa ukuphuculwa, kwaye bajongana nezisilelo, beqinisekisa ukuba inethiwekhi iyakhula xa ijongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo. Uhlobo lweBitcoin oluvulekileyo luvumela intsebenziswano, apho abaphuhlisi kwihlabathi lonke banokunceda ekukhuleni kwayo.

Ubuhle bophuhliso olusasazekileyo kukuba akukho mntu mnye unokulawula ngokupheleleyo i-protocol. Oku kwenzeka ngenkqubo yokuvumelana. Abaphuhlisi bacebisa izimvo notshintsho, kwaye kuphela abo banemibono engcono ehambelana nombono omkhulu wehlabathi elingcono bafumana inkxaso kuluntu, bephakamisa ukukhula kweBitcoin ngendlela evulekileyo nedemokhrasi njengoko ikhula ukuya kubantu abazizigidi ezisibhozo.

Iiprojekthi zeBitcoin zibandakanya amaqela ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiingqungquthela ezingenzi nzuzo, iinkampani, ukuya kumaqela nabantu abavelisa umxholo onexabiso. Aba bantu basebenzisana kwiinjongo ezithile ngaphakathi komsebenzi omkhulu weBitcoin wokukhulula uluntu. Iiprojekthi zeBitcoin zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni nasekukhuthazeni ukwamkelwa kweBitcoin, zisebenza kwikamva elijolise ekomelezeni nasekukhululeni uluntu.

Ingoma Entle

Ukuzimela kweBitcoin kunokuthelekiswa nomculo odlalwa ngoomatshini abaninzi, apho wonke umculi udlala indima yakhe ukwenza umculo omhle. Akukho mphathi kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin: abavukuzi, iinodi, abasebenzisi, abaphuhlisi, kunye neeprojekthi basebenza ngokuzimela nangentsebenziswano.

Incwadi yokubhalisa esasazekileyo, egcinwa ziindawo zeenodi, iqinisekisa ukucaca, ngelixa indlela ye-proof-of-work inika ukhuseleko kwaye ithintele ukugxila kwamandla kubavukuzi; abasebenzisi bafumana inkululeko yemali kunye namandla, bekhululekile kulawulo lwenkqubo yemali yesiqhelo; abaphuhlisi, bekhokelwa kukuvumelana, baqinisekisa ukuba i-protocol iyazivumelanisa neemfuno zoluntu eziguqukayo; iiprojekthi zeBitcoin, ngendlela yazo eyahlukileyo, zenza igalelo kwinjongo enkulu yokukhulula uluntu.

Umntu ngamnye kolu lwandiso lomculo oluzimeleyo udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni ukwamkelwa kweBitcoin nasekomelezeni uluntu, enegalelo ekomelezeni nasekuphila ixesha elide kweBitcoin, esenza indawo engenamda, engenakuthembana, nenika amandla.

Ingoma yokuzimela kwiBitcoin ibonisa umbono kaSatoshi Nakamoto kunye nomdla omkhulu woluntu lwehlabathi elilwela inkululeko namandla.

Umsebenzi: Ukuvumelana

Lo ngumsebenzi weklasi apho abathathi-nxaxheba bafunda ngokwabo ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukuvumelanisa intshukumo kwiqela elingenamphathi ocacileyo. Injongo kukuba abathathi-nxaxheba baqonde indlela ukuvumelana (consensus) kufezekiswa ngayo kwiBitcoin.

Amanqaku Aphambili

1. Ukuvumelana = ukuvumelana
2. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweqela elilawulwa ngumntu omnye kunye nelingalawulwa kukuba kukho umbuzo wokuthembana. Amaqela azimeleyo afana neenethiwekhi ezisebenza phakathi kwabantu abaninzi awanampathi kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba abathembani. Afuna indlela eyahlukileyo yokusebenzisana.
3. Kubaphuhlisi beenethiwekhi ezisebenza phakathi kwabantu abaninzi, oku kwaziwa njengeByzantine Generals Problem. IBitcoin isombulula le ngxaki ngobalo kunye nokumba nge-proof-of-work.
4. Ukuzimela kweBitcoin kubalulekile kwixabiso layo. Kwimbali, iinkokeli zoluntu zisoloko ziwonakalisa amaxabiso emali ekuhambeni kwexesha.
5. Ukuvumelana kukaNakamoto kuthiywe ngegama lomdali weBitcoin, uSatoshi Nakamoto. Le ndlela yokuvumelana yindlela amawaka abantu angazaniyo nabangathembaniyo agcine ngayo incwadi yeBitcoin ukusukela ngo-2009.

Ngamagama alula, iBitcoin yimali. IBitcoin ayisosixhobo sokutyala imali kodwa yindlela ekhuselekileyo, enika amandla yokugcina imali oyisebenzele nzima.

Ukugcina iBitcoin akuyi kukwenza ube sisityebi kuba ayikuniki mbuyekezo yeBitcoin engakumbi. Ixabiso layo, xa lithelekiswa nayiphi na imali ye-fiat, liyenyuka; kodwa oku kungenxa yokwamkelwa kwayo okukhulayo kunye nokwehla kwamaxabiso eemali ze-fiat.

IBitcoin luhlobo olutsha lwemali: yi “The Internet of Money", okuthetha ukuba ivulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukujoyina kwaye aqale ukutshintshiselana ngexabiso nabanye abasebenzisi. Nakwona magumbi akude nabantu abahluphekileyo ehlabathini ngoku banokufikelela kwinkqubo yemali. Njengokuba wonke umntu onefowuni kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi angasebenzisa injini yokukhangela, iBitcoin yenza kube lula ukuba wonke umntu onefowuni kunye ne-intanethi afikelele kwinkqubo yemali yehlabathi entsha.

• Iintlawulo Ezikhawulezayo, Ezisezantsi: Thumela imali ngemizuzu, ngemirhumo ephantsi.
• Ukufikelela Kwezezimali: Abantu abangama-2.5 bhiliyoni abangenazo iiakhawunti zebhanki banokufikelela kwimali.
• Ubumfihlo Obunyukayo: Iintengiselwano zeBitcoin zisesidlangalaleni kodwa isazisi sakho asaziwa.

IBitcoin iphelele kwidijithali kwaye ayinamingxunya. Akukhathaliseki ukuba ukwi phi kuba ikhona kwiikhompyutha nakwiiselfowuni ezivela kwihlabathi liphela. Abasebenzisi abaninzi kwihlabathi lonke basebenzisa isoftware yeBitcoin kunye nekopi yencwadi yayo yokurekhoda.

Le software kunye nerekhodi yazo zonke iintengiselwano inethuba elincinci kakhulu lokuphela kuba zininzi iikopi zayo. Ukuze uyicime, kuya kufuneka ucime yonke i-intanethi, ngonaphakade — into engekho lula ukuba yenzeke.

Ekugqibeleni, iBitcoin iyancipha, okuthetha ukuba inani leBitcoin eliza kubakho lilinganiselwe ngokupheleleyo. Akukho mntu unokwenza iBitcoin yobuxoki kwi-blockchain — nkqu noorhulumente nabantu abakhulu kwezomali abanakho.

Iimpawu zeBitcoin

Ukuvela kweMali eQinileyo

Ubomi bemali eqinileyo ngokuqhelekileyo budlula kwizigaba ezithathu ukuze yamkelwe luluntu: ukusuka ekubeni yindawo yokugcina ixabiso ukuya ekubeni sisixhobo sokutshintshiselana, ekugqibeleni ibe yindawo yokubala.

Isigaba sokuqala semali, indawo yokugcina ixabiso, yenzeka xa imali iqala ukufumana ukuthembela njengempahla ezinzileyo (okanye enyukayo) ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abantu abaqaphela oku kwangethuba bafuna ukukhusela ubutyebi babo ngokuyigcina kule mali, ngakumbi ngexesha lobunzima kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho.

Amanye amaqela, abiza iBitcoin ngokuba 'ligolide ledijithali.' Oku kungenxa yokuba iBitcoin izinzise ngokucacileyo njengendawo yokugcina ixabiso kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Rhoqo ngemini, abantu abaninzi baqala ukubona iBitcoin njengendlela yokuzikhusela kukunyuka kwamaxabiso, njengokuba igolide yayisetyenziswa kwimbali.

Isigaba esilandelayo yenzeka xa ukuzithemba kuzinzo lwemali kuqina. Kulapho imali iqala ukuguquka ibe sisixhobo sokutshintshiselana, isenza ukuba iintengiselwano zibe lula kubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla. Kule sigaba, imali iqala kwamkelwa ngokubanzi ekutshintshiseni iimpahla neenkonzo.

IBitcoin iyaqhubeka isondela ekubeni sisixhobo sokutshintshiselana. Ngokwamkelwa okukhulayo kwabarhwebi kunye nophuhliso lweprotocol, iintengiselwano zeBitcoin ziba lula kwaye ziqhelekile kurhwebo lwemihla ngemihla. Rhoqo ngemini, abantu abaqhelekileyo kunye namashishini basebenzisa iBitcoin njengendlela yokutshintshiselana.

Kwigqibela, imali ifikelela kwinqanaba lokuba yindawo yokubala, isebenza njengomlinganiso oqhelekileyo wokubiza amaxabiso eempahla neenkonzo. Eli linqanaba apho iba ngumlinganiso osisigxina wokulinganisa onke amanye amaxabiso.

Uhambo oluya ekubeni yindawo yokubala luthatha ixesha elide (ixesha elide). Okwangoku, ihlabathi libala amaxabiso eempahla neenkonzo kuphela ngeemali ze-fiat. Ngoko ke, iBitcoin ifuna ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kunye nokudityaniswa kwiinkqubo ezininzi zezezimali. Nangona kunjalo, isiseko sele sibekwe njengoko amashishini nabantu ngabanye beqala ukucinga nokubala amaxabiso ngeBitcoin.

IBitcoin isendleleni yayo kule nkqubo yophuhliso lwemali eqinileyo. Xa iBitcoin idityaniswe ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yezezimali yehlabathi, inokuba ngumlinganiso osisigxina wokubala, iguqule yonke inkqubo yemali yehlabathi.

Iimpawu zemali

Njengoko ufundile, uluntu ngokuhamba kwexesha luqaphele ukuba imali eqinileyo kufuneka ibe neempawu ezithile ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Makhe sibone ukuba iBitcoin iyawuphumelela na lo mlinganiselo.

• Ukuhlala ixesha elide: IBitcoin iphelele kwidijithali kwaye ayichatshazelwa kukonakala ngokwasemzimbeni.
• Ukuhlulahlulwa: Ukuze kuthelekiswe, imali ye-fiat yeZAR ingahlulwa ibe yisenti (0.01). IBitcoin ingahlulwa ibe yinto ebizwa ngokuba ngama-satoshis, okanye ama-sats (0.00000001). Ngenxa yokuba iBitcoin idijithali, inokwahlulwa ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Okwangoku, iBitcoin yeyona mali inokwabiwa kakhulu emhlabeni.
• Ukuthwaleka: NgoJulayi 2025, ngaphezulu kwe-R18 bhiliyoni ye-bitcoin yathunyelwa ngemizuzu embalwa kuphela, kwaye kwaxabisa kuphela i-R180... umrhumo wotshintshiselwano we-0.000001%. Akukho enye inkqubo yokuhlawula enokuhambisa imali eninzi ngexabiso eliphantsi kangaka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngaphandle kwabalamli. Oku kwenza iBitcoin ibe yeyona mali ithwaleka lula.
• Ukwamkelwa: IBitcoin isesemva kakhulu ekwamkelweni njengendlela yokutshintshiselana, kwaye ukwamkelwa kwayo kusezantsi xa kuthelekiswa neemali zesintu.
• Ukungabikho kobuninzi: Kuya kubakho kuphela ii-bitcoin ezizizigidi ezingama-21. Ngokwekhodi, akunakwenzeka ukuba le mali yonyuke, oko kuthetha ukuba iBitcoin ayinabuninzi kuphela kodwa yeyokuqala enqabileyo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ke yeyona mali inqabileyo.
• Ukutshintshiselana ngokulinganayo: Iyunithi nganye ye-bitcoin iyafana nezinye kwaye inokutshintshiselwa kwaye ithengiselwane kwi-protocol yeBitcoin ngendlela efanayo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yimali etshintshiselanayo.

Bitcoin xa ithelekiswa neGolide neRand yaseMzantsi Afrika

IBitcoin luhlobo lwemali ekrelekrele enokulawulwa ngeenkqubo, ayinakuthathwa lula, kwaye inazo zonke iimpawu ezenza ilungele ukugcina ixabiso kwaye ilungele abathengisi abafuna iintengiselwano ezikhawulezayo. Inazo iimpawu ezilungileyo zegolide — njengokunqaba kwayo — kodwa inazo neenzuzo zeemali zesintu kuba unokuyahlula-hlula kwaye uyithwale lula. Kwaye, izisa neempawu ezintsha ezilungele ihlabathi lethu ledijithali.

Ucinga ntoni? IBitcoin ayikavakali kakhulu kwaye ayikagqitywa ukwamkelwa, kodwa ingaba yimali ethembekileyo?

Ingxoxo: Ingaba iBitcoin yimali ethembekileyo?

Ngoku sele sixoxe ngeBitcoin ngokunzulu, masibuyele kwitheyibhile yethu yokuthelekisa imali esiyifundileyo kwiSifundo 1 kwaye sibone ukuba iBitcoin ithelekiswa njani nezinye iindlela zemali.

Ukuthatha uxanduva lobuqu

Isiphumo yinkqubo esasazekileyo engenalo inqaku elinye lokusilela. Abasebenzisi bagcina izitshixo zabo zemali ye-crypto kwaye bathengiselana ngokuthe ngqo, ngoncedo lwenethiwekhi ye-P2P ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuphindaphindwa kokuchitha.
Satoshi Nakamoto

Kwihlabathi le-fiat, abantu baxhomekeke kurhulumente, iibhanki, kunye nababoneleli bentlawulo abaziwayo. Iintloko zezi ziko (zezimali) zimisela imithetho yenethiwekhi, kwaye abathathi-nxaxheba, abaninzi babo bengabemi abaqhelekileyo, kufuneka balandele le mithetho. Akukhathaliseki apho uhlala khona — kuhlala kukho imigaqo esemgangathweni ekuxelela ukuba wenze ntoni kwaye wenze njani. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kukhokelele kumjikelo wobunzima, ngakumbi kwiintsapho ezijongene nemingeni yemihla ngemihla.

Ngenxa yale nkqubo, abantu baqhele ukunika uxanduva lwezimali zabo ezandleni zabanye. Umzekelo, uninzi lwabantu luxhomekeke komnye umntu ukuba abancedise, ngakumbi xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle (njengokuphulukana nokufikelela kwi-akhawunti yakho yasebhankini).

Njengoko usazi ngoku, inkqubo yemali yeBitcoin yahlukile kakhulu. IBitcoin isebenza ngendlela ethile, kwaye abaphathi batshintshwe yinkqubo ezimeleyo yemithetho. Akukho mlawuli okanye nkokeli, okuthetha ukuba akukho mntu uza kukuxelela ukuba wenze ntoni, okanye alungise iimpazamo zakho. Ukuba ufuna inkululeko entsha kunye namandla eBitcoin, kuya kufuneka ufunde indlela esebenza ngayo kwaye uyisebenzise ngendlela ehambelana nobomi bakho.

NgeBitcoin, ulawula ngokupheleleyo imali yakho, kodwa olu lawulo longezelelweyo luthwala uxanduva olukhulu. Umzekelo, ukuphulukana nokufikelela kwi-bitcoin yakho ngokuphulukana nezitshixo zakho zewallet yedijithali kuthetha ukuba uphulukene neemali zakho — ngonaphakade. Akukho nomnxeba wenkonzo yabathengi onokuwufowunela okanye omnye umntu onokunceda: xa kukho ingxaki, kufuneka uyilungiselele ngokwakho.

Ngethamsanqa, oku akuyi kwenzeka kwabo bathatha uxanduva olupheleleyo lobomi babo. Ukusebenzisa iBitcoin akunzima ngokwemvelo; yahlukile nje. Nantoni na engakhululekanga ivela kukungazazi, kodwa ukuba uzimisele ukufunda kwaye wamkele ngokupheleleyo uxanduva lokukhusela ubutyebi bakho, iBitcoin iba sisixhobo esinamandla: ulawula, kwaye akukho mntu unokuthatha ubutyebi bakho ngaphandle kwemvume yakho okanye ulwazi lwakho.

Isitshixo sikwiintshukumo, ekuqondeni indlela iBitcoin esebenza ngayo nasekuyisebenziseni ngokweemfuno zakho ezizodwa kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.

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