Tasiri a kan sassa daban-daban na masana'antu

A cewar Cambridge University Electricity Consumption Index (CBECI), bukatar wutar lantarki na Bitcoin yana kusan 148 TW a shekara (kamar yadda yake a ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 2024), daidai da kusan kashi 0.6% na jimillar amfani da wutar lantarki a duniya.

4.1.0 Muhawarar Amfani da Wuta a Bitcoin

Dangantakar da hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin ke da ita da wutar lantarki wata ce daga cikin abubuwan da ake ta muhawara akai kuma da dama ba su fahimta ba. A duniyar da tattaunawar siyasa ke kara mayar da hankali kan tasirin da dan Adam ke yi wa muhalli saboda karuwar masana’antu da sauyin dabi’un masu amfani, fitowar fasahar da ke amfani da wuta mai yawa don gudanar da ayyukanta dole ne ta jawo hankalin jama’a sosai. Duk da haka, yawancin wannan bincike ba ya da amfani sosai, kuma a lokuta da dama yana da matukar kuskure, kamar yadda sakon da World Economic Forum ya wallafa a sama ke nuna.

Masu suka suna cewa aikin hakar Bitcoin — wanda tsarin Proof-of-Work (PoW) ke tafiyar da shi — yana kara fitar da hayakin carbon, yana kara matsa lamba ga hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki na duniya wanda hakan ke kawo cikas ga manufofin kare muhalli. Rahotanni da ke nuna yawan wutar da Bitcoin ke amfani da ita, har ma fiye da kasashe gaba daya kamar Argentina, sun kara tsoro cewa hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin na kara lalata muhalli maimakon taimakawa kokarin dorewar muhalli.

Sai dai, akwai wata sabuwar fahimta da ke bayyana cewa aikin hakar Bitcoin na iya taka rawa mai kyau wajen sabunta hanyoyin samar da wuta da kuma taimakawa wajen sauya zuwa hanyoyin samar da wuta masu sabuntawa.

To, shin Bitcoin na iya zama mai amfani ga muhalli gaba daya? Shin zai iya taimakawa wajen inganta daidaito da kwanciyar hankali a hanyoyin samar da wuta, don haka ya taimaka wajen sauya zuwa samar da wuta mai sabuntawa?

4.1.1 Amfani da Wuta a Matsayin Tsaro

Babban aikin hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin shi ne kula da rajistar mu’amaloli ta yadda babu wata hukuma guda daya da ke tabbatar da ita. Saboda babu hukuma guda daya da ke tabbatar da rajistar, hanyar sadarwar tana bukatar hanyar tabbatar da ingancinta da hana a yi amfani da kudin sau biyu. Dukkan masu amfani da hanyar sadarwar dole su amince da matsayin rajistar (wato wa ke da me) a wani lokaci. A nan ne aikin hakar Bitcoin ke shiga.

Masu hakar suna amfani da na’urorin kwamfuta na musamman ko ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) da aka baza a duk fadin duniya. ASICs din an tsara su ne don su ci gaba da kokarin warware wata matsala ta lissafi wacce ke bukatar yin biliyoyin lissafi a kowane dakika. Idan an samu nasara, mai hakar zai samu lada a matsayin sabbin bitcoin da aka kirkira, sannan hanyar sadarwar za ta tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar lissafi a lokaci guda. Saboda haka ake kiran wannan tsari da ‘proof-of-work’.

Gaba daya, hanyar sadarwar masu hakar Bitcoin a duniya na samar da karfin kwamfuta mai yawa. Wannan an tsara shi ne don kare hanyar sadarwar - idan wani mai mugun nufi zai so kai hari ko ya canza bayanai don amfaninsa, dole ne ya samar da karfin kwamfuta da zai fi na mafi yawan hanyar sadarwar. Idan hakan zai yiwu, zai bukaci kudade masu yawa kuma har yanzu ba zai iya rike iko na dogon lokaci ba don kawo cikas mai tsanani ga hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin. Saboda haka, yiwuwar nasarar irin wannan hari ta ragu sosai, godiya ga shingen amfani da wuta.

Bitcoin ba ya bata wutar lantarki, ana amfani da ita ne don tsaro.
Kyle Torpey

4.1.2 Neman Wutar da Aka Watsar

Masu hakar Bitcoin suna aiki a cikin yanayi mai matukar gasa da sauran masu hakar a gasar duniya ta 24x7 don hada sabon block na mu’amaloli a rajista da kuma samun ‘block reward’. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kasuwanci ga masu hakar su nemi wutar da tafi araha wacce take da yawa kuma ba a samun gasa sosai wajen amfani da ita. Wannan yana jawo masu hakar zuwa wuraren da ake da wutar da ba a amfani da ita ko kuma ana watsar da ita.

Babban dalili shi ne samun riba. Wutar lantarki ita ce babban kudin gudanarwa ga mai hakar saboda aikin yana bukatar wuta sosai. Ta amfani da wutar da aka watsar – wato wutar da ba za a yi amfani da ita ba, kamar wutar da ta wuce kima daga hanyoyin sabuntawa ko kuma iskar gas da ake kona wa a banza – masu hakar za su iya rage kudin wuta sosai. Wutar da aka watsar yawanci tafi araha saboda ba a iya samun ta cikin sauki ko kuma ba a bukatar ta sosai. Misali, a yankunan da ake da wutar ruwa ko iska fiye da bukata, farashin wuta na iya sauka saboda rashin hanyoyin rarraba wutar. Wannan yana ba masu hakar damar samun yarjejeniyar wuta mai araha, wanda ke inganta ribarsu.

Yarjejeniyar wuta na iya tabbatar da samun damar amfani da wutar da aka watsar ko kuma wutar da ba a amfani da ita, wanda ke ba masu hakar kariya daga sauyin farashin wuta a kasuwannin gargajiya. Farashin wuta na canzawa saboda bukatar yanayi, farashin man fetur da abubuwan siyasa. Wutar da aka watsar na ba masu hakar damar samun wuta mai dorewa da saukin tsada, wanda ke saukaka tsare-tsaren dogon lokaci da samun riba. Hakanan, akwai amfani ga suna wajen amfani da wutar da aka watsar, saboda yana rage sukar muhalli ta hanyar rage hayakin carbon na mai hakar.

Baya ga amfanin da mai hakar ke samu, mai samar da wuta ma yana amfana da samun kwastoma mai dogaro da shi don wutar da ta wuce kima. Masu samar da wuta, musamman a yankunan da ke da nisa ko kuma masu albarkatu, na iya samun matsala wajen sayar da wutar da ta wuce kima. Masu hakar Bitcoin na zama ‘mai saye na karshe’ ga wannan wutar da za a watsar. Saboda haka, hadin gwiwa tsakanin masu samar da wuta da kamfanonin hakar na iya zama mai amfani ga bangarorin biyu, inda masu samar da wuta za su iya samun kudin shiga daga wutar da aka watsar, masu hakar kuma su samu wuta mai araha.

Bugu da kari, hanyoyin samar da wuta masu sabuntawa, kamar hasken rana da iska, sau da yawa suna samar da wuta fiye da bukata a lokutan da ba a amfani da ita ko kuma a wuraren da ke da nisa da masu amfani da wuta. Masu hakar Bitcoin na iya kafa ayyukansu kusa da wadannan hanyoyin, suna amfani da wutar da za a watsar (wato wutar da ba za a yi amfani da ita ba). Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman ga gonakin iska ko filayen hasken rana da ke da samarwa mai sauyawa. Wannan ya bambanta da hanyoyin samar da wuta daga man fetur inda man da ba a amfani da shi za a iya kai shi cikin sauki zuwa inda ake bukata. Wannan yasa wutar da aka samar daga man fetur ba ta da araha sosai don tallafawa hakar Bitcoin mai riba.

4.1.3 Kalubalen Daidaita Hanyar Wuta

Daga mahangar masu samar da wuta, daidaita hanyar wuta babban kalubale ne ga hanyoyin samar da wuta masu sabuntawa saboda yanayin samarwar da ke sauyawa, kamar hasken rana da iska. Ba kamar hanyoyin gargajiya ba (misali, kwal, gas, ko nukiliya), wadanda ke iya samar da wuta a kowane lokaci, hanyoyin sabuntawa na dogara ne da yanayin muhalli. Wannan yana haifar da sauyin samar da wuta wanda ke sa wahalar daidaita bukata da samarwa a lokaci guda.

Misali, samar da wuta daga hasken rana da iska na dogara ne da yanayi da lokaci. Hasken rana yana aiki ne kawai idan rana na haskawa, injin iska kuma yana samar da wuta ne idan iska na kadawa. Wannan yana haifar da sauyin karfin wuta, wanda ke sa wahalar daidaita samar da wuta da bukata a kowane lokaci. Idan samar da wuta daga hanyoyin sabuntawa ya ragu kwatsam (misali, idan iska ta tsaya ko kuma lokacin da gajimare ya mamaye rana), hakan na iya haifar da karancin wuta, wanda zai iya jawo katsewar wuta ko kuma a bukaci amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar man fetur.

Bugu da kari, a lokutan da ake da yawan samar da wuta daga hanyoyin sabuntawa (misali, ranakun da rana ke haskawa sosai ko iska ke kadawa) da kuma karancin bukata (kamar tsakanin karfe 1-4 na safe), dole ne a dakatar da amfani da wasu hanyoyin sabuntawa don kauce wa cunkoso a hanyar wuta. Wannan yana rage ribar ayyukan samar da wuta masu sabuntawa kuma yana haifar da rashin inganci.

Ana yawan tambaya ko batir ko wasu fasahohin ajiya na wuta za su iya taimakawa wajen daidaita sauyin samar da wuta. Duk da cewa wadannan fasahohi na iya taimakawa wajen adana wutar da aka samar fiye da bukata daga hanyoyin sabuntawa, suna da tsada kuma iyakacin karfinsu kadan ne. Wannan yana rage damar daidaita sauyin samar da wuta da amfani da ita na dogon lokaci.

4.1.4 Bitcoin a Matsayin Mai Daidaita Hanyar Wuta

Aikin hakar Bitcoin, saboda saukin daidaita bukatar wutarsa, na iya zama kayan aiki mai amfani wajen daidaita hanyoyin samar da wuta masu sabuntawa. Masu hakar Bitcoin na iya daidaita amfani da wutarsu cikin sauri gwargwadon bukatar hanyar wuta. A lokutan da ake da yawan samar da wuta daga hanyoyin sabuntawa, masu hakar za su iya kara ayyukansu don amfani da wutar da ta wuce kima. Akasin haka, a lokutan da bukata ta karu ko kuma samar da wuta daga hanyoyin sabuntawa ya ragu, masu hakar za su iya dakatar da ayyukansu ko rage amfani da wuta, don a samu wuta ga ayyuka masu muhimmanci. Wannan saukin daidaitawa yana taimakawa wajen daidaita hanyar wuta, yana saukaka hada hanyoyin sabuntawa ba tare da bukatar ajiya mai tsada ko amfani da na’urorin da ke canza wuta zuwa zafi ba.

Bugu da kari, masu hakar Bitcoin da dama suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen rage amfani da wuta, inda suke rage amfani da wutarsu a lokutan da hanyar wuta ke cikin matsin lamba (misali, lokacin zafi ko sanyi mai tsanani). Ta hanyar zama masu amfani da wuta da za a iya sarrafawa, masu hakar na taimakawa wajen hana katsewar wuta da tabbatar da cewa hanyar wuta ta ci gaba da aiki, musamman a lokutan da bukata ta karu.

Maimaikon a dakatar da amfani da wutar da ta wuce kima daga hanyoyin sabuntawa, aikin hakar Bitcoin na iya amfani da wannan wuta da kuma samar da kudin shiga daga gare ta. Wannan yana samar da dalilin kasuwanci ga wutar da za a watsar, yana inganta ingancin ayyukan samar da wuta masu sabuntawa. A yankunan da ake da yawan hanyoyin sabuntawa, kamar Texas ko Iceland, masu hakar Bitcoin sun kafa ayyuka kusa da tashoshin samar da wuta masu sabuntawa, suna taimakawa wajen amfani da wutar da ta wuce kima tare da daidaita hanyar wuta.

A Texas, masu hakar Bitcoin sun hada kai da Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) 2 don shiga cikin kokarin daidaita hanyar wuta. Ta hanyar daidaita ayyukansu gwargwadon yanayin hanyar wuta a lokaci guda, wadannan masu hakar na taimakawa wajen daidaita samar da wuta da bukata, suna tabbatar da cewa za a iya hada hanyoyin sabuntawa ba tare da kawo cikas ga ingancin hanyar wuta ba. Misali, lokacin guguwar sanyi a Texas a shekarar 2021, masu hakar Bitcoin sun rage amfani da wuta, wanda ya ba da damar amfani da wuta ga muhimman ayyuka da gidaje.

4.1.5 Karfafa Amfani da Wuta Mai Tsabta

Baya ga samar da kudin shiga daga wutar da ta wuce kima da zama mai saye na karshe, masu hakar Bitcoin na taimakawa wajen karfafa zuba jari a sabbin hanyoyin samar da wuta masu sabuntawa ta hanyar yin dogon lokaci tare da masu samar da wuta. Wannan yana ba mai samar da wuta damar samun kudin shiga mai dorewa, yana karfafa gina karin gonakin iska, tashoshin hasken rana, da ayyukan samar da wutar ruwa. Samuwar masu hakar Bitcoin na iya sa irin wadannan ayyuka su fi samun riba ta hanyar samar da kwastoma mai dorewa. Haka kuma, masu hakar na iya biyan kudin wuta nan take, wato kafin a hada tashar wuta da hanyar wuta. Wannan yana rage lokacin da ake bukata don dawo da kudin da aka zuba da kuma rage kudin jari ga sabon aikin samar da wuta mai sabuntawa. Idan mai hakar Bitcoin ya zama kwastoma mai tabbaci, mai samar da wuta na iya yanke shawarar gina aikin da ya fi girma fiye da wanda zai iya yi ba tare da mai hakar ba.

Bukatar samun mai saye mai dorewa ga wutar da ake samarwa daga hanyoyin sabuntawa kwanan nan ta bayyana a fili a Birtaniya - an ruwaito cewa ana biyan gonakin iska don su daina aiki sannan ana amfani da tashoshin gas don maye gurbinsu.Wutar Iska da Aka Watsar, wani shafin yanar gizo da ke bibiyar adadin makamashin iska da ba a amfani da shi a Birtaniya, ya kiyasta cewa a watanni biyu na farko na shekarar 2025, kudin da masu amfani suka biya saboda wannan dakatarwar ya kai £253m, karin £158m idan aka kwatanta da lokaci iri daya a shekarar da ta gabata.

Business Matters ta bayyana cewa dalilin matsalar shi ne “yaduwar gaggawa na gonakin iska a teku, wanda aka gina cikin sauri fiye da yadda za a iya sabunta tsarin watsar lantarki na Birtaniya.” A ranakun da iska ke kadawa sosai amma bukatar lantarki ta yi kasa, hanyar watsar lantarki ba za ta iya daukar wutar da ta wuce kima ba, kuma mai kula da hanyar yana biyan gonakin iska diyya don su dakatar da aiki. Bugu da kari, ana biyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na gas da ke kusa da cibiyar bukata don su cike gibin.

A gefe guda, a Iceland, inda makamashin kasa da na ruwa suka fi yawa, masu hakar Bitcoin sun taka rawa wajen fadada ababen more makamashi mai sabuntawa. Arha da wadatar makamashi mai sabuntawa da ke yankin ya jawo masu hakar ma'adinai da dama, wanda ya samar da dangantaka mai amfani tsakanin bangarorin biyu.

Gwamnatin Iceland ta gane damar da ke tattare da hakar Bitcoin wajen bunkasa tattalin arziki, samar da ayyukan yi, da jawo jarin kasashen waje. Saboda haka, ta goyi bayan masana'antar kuma tana karfafa ci gabanta.Industry Leaders Magazine

Damar da ke tattare da saukin motsi na hakar Bitcoin shima yana da muhimmanci. Ayyukan hakar Bitcoin ba su da takura ta wurin da za a kafa su kamar yadda masana'antu na gargajiya suke da shi. Ana iya kafa su a wurare masu nisa da ke da wadataccen makamashi mai sabuntawa, amma ba su da isasshen hanyar kaiwa cibiyoyin jama'a ko hanyar watsar lantarki. Wannan ya sa su zama masu dacewa wajen amfani da makamashi a wuraren da masana'antu na gargajiya ba za su iya aiki ba, yana karfafa ci gaban makamashi mai tsafta a wuraren da ba a amfani da su sosai. Ta haka, masu hakar Bitcoin su ne kasuwa da ke zuwa wajen makamashi, maimakon a kawo makamashi gare su, tare da duk kudaden da ke tattare da gina ababen more rayuwa.

Hakar Bitcoin na samar da kwarin gwiwa na tattalin arziki don ci gaban makamashi mai sabuntawa ta hanyar samar da bukata mai dorewa ga makamashi mai tsafta, taimakawa daidaita hanyoyin watsar lantarki, da tallafawa ci gaban ababen more rayuwa a yankunan da ke da wadataccen makamashi mai sabuntawa. Yayin da ayyukan hakar ke kara karkata zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa, suna zama muhimman 'yan wasa a kokarin duniya na komawa ga makomar makamashi mai dorewa.

4.1.6 Labari mai kyau da ke ci gaba da bunkasa

Dangantakar Bitcoin da makamashi tana da bangarori da dama kuma tana ci gaba da sauyawa. Hakar Bitcoin ta sha suka saboda yawan makamashin da take amfani da shi, inda wasu masu sharhi da masu kula da muhalli ke nuna bincike da ke cewa amfani da makamashin hanyar ya kai na wasu kasashe gaba daya, yayin da wasu ke nuna damuwa cewa bukatar makamashin masana'antar na iya kara tabarbarewar yanayi. Amma wannan labari yana mantawa da damar da ke tattare da hakar Bitcoin wajen taka rawa mai amfani a sauyawa zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa da inganta hanyoyin watsar lantarki.

Hakar Bitcoin, da bukatarta ta musamman ga lantarki mai arha da yawa, tana kara daidaituwa da makamashi mai sabuntawa. A yankunan da ke da wadataccen iska, rana, ko wutar ruwa, masu hakar za su iya amfani da makamashi da zai lalace a banza. Wannan yanayi yana taimakawa inganta ribar tattalin arzikin ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa ta hanyar samar da bukata mai dorewa ga wutar da ta wuce kima, musamman a lokutan da ba a amfani da wuta sosai.

Neman makamashi da aka makale yana da matukar muhimmanci ga masu hakar Bitcoin daga bangaren kasuwanci saboda yana rage kudi, yana karfafa dorewar muhalli, kuma yana tabbatar da daidaiton aiki a kasuwar makamashi mai canzawa. Wannan dabarar ba wai kawai tana sa hakar ta fi samun riba ba, har ma tana sa masana'antar ta zama muhimmin dan wasa a kula da hanyoyin watsar lantarki da ci gaban makamashi mai sabuntawa.

Hakar Bitcoin na samar da mafita ga wasu daga cikin manyan kalubalen da hanyoyin watsar makamashi mai sabuntawa ke fuskanta. Rashin daidaiton makamashin rana da iska yana haifar da rashin tabbas, saboda samar da makamashi yana canzawa gwargwadon yanayi. Masu hakar Bitcoin, da ayyukansu masu sassauci da girma, za su iya taimakawa daidaita hanyar watsar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da makamashi da ya wuce kima a lokutan da ake samarwa da yawa, da kuma rage amfani a lokutan da bukata ta yi yawa. Wannan damar da ake da ita na daidaita bukata da samarwa an riga an yi amfani da ita a kasuwanni kamar Texas, inda masu hakar ke hada kai da masu kula da hanyar don tabbatar da daidaiton hanyar watsar lantarki.

Damar Bitcoin wajen kawar da kona methane a wuraren hakar mai wata fa'ida ce da ake yawan mantawa da ita. Ta hanyar kama da amfani da iskar gas da aka makale da za a kona a banza, masu hakar Bitcoin za su iya taimakawa rage fitar methane mai cutarwa, suna mayar da abin da ke cutar da muhalli ya zama albarkatu masu amfani.

Binciken muhalli game da hakar Bitcoin abin sa ran ne kuma abin maraba ne. Amma fasahar na kara nuna damammaki na musamman wajen karfafa amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa da inganta hanyoyin watsar lantarki.

Yayin da masana'antar ke kara girma, hadin kai da masu samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da masu kula da hanyoyin watsar lantarki yana taimakawa hakar Bitcoin ta zama muhimmin dan wasa a kokarin duniya na komawa ga makamashi mai dorewa.

Bayanan kula

1. Bitcoin Ba Ya Bata Lantarki, Ana Amfani Da Shi Don Tsaro, wani labari da ke bayyana yadda lantarki ke zama ginshikin tsarin tsaron Bitcoin, Bitcoin Magazine, Nuwamba 2015https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/bitcoin-doesn-t-waste-electricity-it-s-used-for-security-1446482572
2. Masu hakar Bitcoin suna da kaso 95% na Manyan Masu Amfani da Lantarki a Texas, The Miner Mag, Fabrairu 2024.https://theminermag.com/news/2024-02-29/bitcoin-mining-map-north-america-texas/
3. Rashin isasshen hanyar watsar lantarki ya sa kudin ‘wasted wind’ ya kai £250m, Business Matters, Maris 2025https://bmmagazine.co.uk/news/lack-of-grid-capacity-pushes-wasted-wind-costs-to-250m/
4. Iceland: Wurin da ba a zata ba na hakar Bitcoin, Industry Leader Magazine, Satumba 2023https://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/iceland-the-unlikely-bitcoin-mining-hub/
5. Me yasa methane ke da karfin cutar da muhalli fiye da carbon dioxide? Climate Portal, Disamba 2023.https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/what-makes-methane-more-potent-greenhouse-gas-carbon-dioxide
6. Kamfanin hakar Bitcoin Crusoe ya sayi abokin hamayya Great American Mining, Data Center Dynamics, Oktoba 2022https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/bitcoin-flare-firm-crusoe-buys-rival-great-american-mining/

4.2.0 Kalubale ga Masu Gudanar da Zuba Jari

Bitcoin ba kawai sabon shiga bane a bangaren zuba jari na cibiyoyi, yana da wasu siffofi na musamman da ke kawo kalubale ga tsarin kudi na gargajiya wajen yadda za a rarraba shi da kuma tantance kimarsa. Bitcoin yana da shekaru 15 kacal kuma mafi yawan wannan lokaci, karamin kadara ne mai rashin ruwa sosai wanda masu zuba jari na kashin kansu suka fi mamaye. Shiga kasuwar bitcoin daga masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi har yanzu bai yadu ba. Tsawon shekaru da dama, rashin bayyananniyar doka da ka'idoji ya kasance babban cikas kuma wata hanya ce mai sauki ta kaucewa shiga.

Fara kasuwannin nan gaba a bitcoin a karshen shekarar 2017 shi ne mataki na farko na halatta wannan kadara ga masu zuba jari da ke karkashin doka. Sai dai, amincewar hukuma ga Bitcoin ETFs a watan Janairu 2024 ne ya nuna wa bangaren masu gudanar da zuba jari na kwararru cewa bitcoin yanzu ya zama ajin kadara da ya kamata a kula da shi.

Yanzu da bitcoin ke zama ajin kadara da ake kara fahimta, babban kalubale ga masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi shi ne yadda za su tantance da kuma tsara dabarar zuba jari a kansa. Masu kula da dukiya suna fuskantar matsin lamba daga abokan ciniki don samar da ba kawai ra'ayi ba, har ma da ingantaccen tsari da kayayyakin da za su ba abokan ciniki damar shiga wannan sabon ajin kadara. Idan ba haka ba, suna fuskantar barazanar rasa manyan abokan ciniki ga masu fafatawa da ke da bude zuciya wajen gina dukiya.

Kwanan nan ne kawai ya zama kalubale ga masu gudanar da zuba jari su ba da lokaci don nazarin bitcoin, balle ma su ware kudi a kansa. Amma, da sha'awar abokan ciniki ke karuwa, watakila mun kai matakin da masu gudanar da zuba jari da ba su da dabarar zuba jari a bitcoin dole su kawo hujja mai karfi.

Wannan bangare yana duba wasu hanyoyin da masu gudanar da zuba jari na gargajiya za su iya duba bitcoin a matsayin kadara, makomarsa, hanyoyin tantance kimarsa da tasirinsa ga fayilolin zuba jari. Ba a nufin ya zama tilas ba – al'ummar masu gudanar da zuba jari ta daure sosai kuma kowanne mai gudanarwa yana da nata hanyar zuba jari da tsarin aiki.

4.2.1 Fara Fahimtar Bitcoin

Za a iya raba masu zuba jari na cibiyoyi zuwa rukuni biyu. Rukuni na farko ya kunshi masu kudi da yawa da za su iya shiga ta hanyar wata hanya ko ofishin iyali. Wannan rukuni ya kuma hada da masu zuba jari na musamman ko hedge funds da, ta yanayinsu, za su iya zuba kudi cikin sauri. Suna da 'yan masu ruwa da tsaki, hakan yana sa su fi samun 'yanci da saurin yanke shawara. Suna da 'yanci daga ka'idoji kuma suna da karfin daukar hadari. Wannan rukuni tuni yana da damar shiga bitcoin.

Rukuni na biyu shi ne bangaren zuba jari na gargajiya. Ya kunshi masu ba da shawara na zuba jari da ke karkashin doka, manyan masu kula da kadarori, bankuna, masu gudanar da kudaden jari, fansho, asusun tallafi da asusun dukiyar kasa. Wannan rukuni yana tafiya a hankali sosai kuma yana da karancin daukar hadari.

Wannan rukuni ma yana da tsattsauran ra'ayi. Mambobinsa suna da dogon tarihi da cikakken tsarin zuba jari. Masu gudanarwa na iya fuskantar takurawa daga umarnin da ke iyakance kadarorin ko kasuwannin da za a iya zuba jari. Yawanci ana yanke shawarar raba kudi ta kwamitoci da suka kunshi masu kula da fayil, masu nazari da ma'aikatan bin doka inda ake bincike sosai da rubuta ra'ayoyi bisa ka'idoji masu tsauri, duka a karkashin kulawar hukumar kudi.

Abu ne mai sauki a fahimci wannan rukuni da kalubalen da suke fuskanta da bitcoin. Ta yanayi, wannan rukuni yana da tsattsauran ra'ayi, yana kin sauyi kuma gaba daya wannan hanya ta taimaka musu. A irin wannan yanayi, idan fasaha mai kawo sauyi ko rikitarwa ta zo, dabi'ar su ita ce su yi taka-tsantsan, su nuna shakku ko su yi watsi da ita gaba daya, musamman idan yawancin masana'antar ma suna haka. Saboda haka, a wannan yanayi mai tsari, ba abin mamaki bane cewa wannan rukuni na biyu ya dau lokaci kafin ya fara zuba jari a sabon kadara kamar bitcoin.

Masu karatu na yawancin jaridun kudi na gargajiya da ke rubutu game da hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin da tsarin sa sun lura cewa masu sharhi da dama suna kokawa wajen ganin inda zai dace a cikin tsarin kudi na gargajiya. Wannan abin fahimta ne. Bitcoin ya fito ne daga wajen tsarin kudi na yanzu. Kuma, a matsayin fasaha da ke sake fasalin ma'anar kudi kanta, karbuwarsa na iya sa yawancin tsarin kudi na gargajiya ya zama tsohuwa. Tabbas, wannan yana kama da yadda fasahohin da suka kawo sauyi suka yi a wasu masana'antu.

Duk da haka, karuwar bukatar shiga daga abokan ciniki na tilasta masu gudanar da zuba jari su duba yiwuwar saka bitcoin a cikin fayiloli ko su fuskanci barazanar rasa abokan ciniki. Wannan bukata ce ta zama babban dalili wajen kaddamar da Bitcoin ETFs daga manyan masu kula da kadarori irin su BlackRock, Fidelity da sauransu. Wannan ya ba masu gudanar da zuba jari wata hanya da hukuma ta amince da ita, inda za su iya biyan bukatar abokan ciniki na shiga bitcoin ta hanyar da ta dace da tsarin zuba jari na yanzu.

Bayan shekaru 15 na mummunan labari daga kafafen yada labarai na gargajiya da na kasuwanci, Bitcoin har yanzu yana ci gaba da karya hasashen masu sukar sa. Hanyar sadarwar tana kara girma kuma alamomi kamar yawan adiresoshin jama'a, karfin hash na hanyar sadarwa da darajar dala da ake mu'amala da ita, duka suna nuna fasaha da ke kara habaka cikin sauri.

Saboda haka, yana kara wahala ga masu gudanar da zuba jari su kawo hujja mara tushe na rashin ware kudi ga bitcoin.

4.2.2 Bitcoin: Zai Iya Zama Madadin Kadara Da Ake Iya Karba?

Dangane da umarninsu (misali, kadara daya, dabara daya ko asusun kadara da dama masu nauyin hadari da dai sauransu), manyan masu gudanar da zuba jari na gargajiya suna da nasu ka'idoji da tsarin tantance zuba jari. Wadannan hanyoyi suna da tsari da tsauri, kamar yadda ya kamata. Saboda haka, zai iya zama kalubale ga mai gudanar da zuba jari ya fahimci ko rike bitcoin a cikin fayil zai dace da tsarin zuba jari na yanzu saboda ba za a iya tantance kimarsa da hanyoyin gargajiya da ake amfani da su ga sauran ajin kadara ba. Saboda haka, wani bangare na tantance bitcoin a matsayin zuba jari ya kamata ya tafi tare da duba hanyoyin zuba jari na yanzu.

Daga mahangar ilimi, burin gudanar da zuba jari mai inganci shi ne gina fayiloli mafi dacewa a 'efficient frontier'. Wato, fayilolin da ke ba da mafi girman tsammanin riba ga wani matakin hadari da aka kayyade, ko mafi karancin hadari ga wani tsammanin riba da aka kayyade. Babban tambaya ga masu gudanar da zuba jari ita ce ko ware kudi ga bitcoin zai iya taimakawa wajen cimma wannan buri.

Bincike ya nuna cewa nasarar tantance hadari da riba ya kamata ya sanya fayil ya kasance a ko kusa da efficient frontier. Daya daga cikin hanyoyin auna wannan shi ne Sharpe Ratio. Yana raba ribar da fayil ya samu fiye da kasuwa da wani auni na canjin darajar fayil, kamar daidaiton bambancin ribar da aka samu. Mafi girman Sharpe Ratio yafi kyau idan ana kwatanta fayiloli.

Abin lura ne cewa fayiloli a efficient frontier yawanci suna da yawan bambancin kadara. Wato, suna dauke da nau'ikan kadara da ribarsu ba ta da alaka sosai da juna dangane da motsin farashi. Kadarorin madadin ba su da alaka sosai da manyan ajin kadara (hannu da bashi) don haka suna iya zama abin sha'awa ga masu gudanar da zuba jari da ke neman karin bambanci a fayil. 'Madadin', kamar hannun jari na masu zaman kansu, kadarorin gida, gonaki, ko ma fasaha da kayan tarihi suna kara shiga jerin abubuwan da masu kula da fayil na cibiyoyi ke duba don bambanci, musamman ganin yadda kasuwar bashi ta gaza a 'yan shekarun nan. Masu kula da fayil na '60/40' (60% hannun jari, 40% bashi) suna fuskantar matsin lamba don inganta ribar zuba jari gaba daya.

Sai dai, madadin kadara sau da yawa suna da babban cikas. Suna iya kasancewa a kasuwanni da ba su da zurfin ruwa kamar manyan kasuwannin hannun jari ko bashi. Yana da wahala a samu masu saye ko sayarwa da yawa. Ko tantance farashin kadara don fayil ma yana da wahala saboda kawai 'marking to market' ba ya da tabbas a kasuwa mai rashin ruwa.

Bitcoin kadara ce ta madadin da ba ta da wannan matsala. Kasuwa ce da darajarta ta haura dala tiriliyan daya kuma tana kasuwanci awanni 24 a rana, kwana bakwai a mako a duniya baki daya. Yawan ciniki yana kaiwa biliyoyin daloli a kowace rana. Haka kuma, sabanin sauran zuba jari na madadin, bitcoin iri daya ne, ana iya tabbatar da shi kai tsaye, ana iya raba shi cikin sauki kuma ba shi da hadarin abokin ciniki idan aka rike shi kai tsaye.

4.2.3 Nazari da Tantance Kimar Bitcoin

Masu Gudanar da Zuba Jari na Kwararru tuni suna da tsari mai tsauri na tantance yiwuwar zuba jari. A shekarar 2017, masanin tsarin kasuwanci Brian Leemoon ya kirkiro wata hanya don tantance fasahar Bitcoin ta amfani da hanyoyi uku da aka saba amfani da su wajen nazarin kasuwanci: SWOT, PESTLE da Porter's Five Forces. Daga mahangar mai gudanar da zuba jari, misalin taƙaitaccen SWOT analysis na Bitcoin zai iya zama kamar haka:

Karfi

• Mafi shahara a cikin kadarorin dijital, hanyar biyan kudi ta bude da tsarin da ya fi dadewa
• Tsarin da ya daidaita sosai ba tare da manyan sauye-sauye ga tsarin kudinsa ba
• Hanyar sadarwa mai matukar karko da 99.99% uptime tun lokacin da aka fara
• Mafi aminci kuma mafi yaduwa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kadara na dijital
• Kasuwar kadara ta dijital mafi daraja da ruwa tare da mafi yawan masu amfani
• Hanyar sadarwar kadara ta dijital da ke kara habaka cikin sauri – yawan adiresoshi, hash rate, darajar da ake mu'amala da ita
• Yana ba da damar shiga tattalin arziki a kasashen da ke tasowa
• Kyakykyawar dangantaka da makamashi mai sabuntawa da sauran fa'idodin ESG
• Yana zama kadara ta asusun kamfanoni, yana karfafa kasafin kudi
• Yanayin doka yana inganta. wato amincewar ETFs a Amurka

Rauni

• Farashin kadara mai matukar canzawa da faduwar farashi mai yawa
• Kudin mu'amala a kan sarkar yana matukar canzawa
• Rashin ilimin kasuwa game da yadda yake aiki da siffofinsa
• Wahalar tantance kimarsa ga masu zuba jari
• Rashin bayyananniyar doka a manyan kasuwanni
• Mummunan fahimta a kasuwa da dangantaka da amfani da shi wajen laifi
• Hadarin aiki ko suna da ke tattare da goyon bayan Bitcoin a cikin bangaren kudi na gargajiya
• Zai iya zama mara ruwa idan ra'ayin masu zuba jari ya juya akansa
• Masu adana kadara na 3rd-party suna fuskantar barazanar satar yanar gizo ko sata

Dama

• Ya zama an amince da shi a matsayin ajiyar daraja da kadara ta asusun duniya
• Ya kara karbuwa a matsayin hanyar biyan kudi don kaya da ayyuka
• Nasara na ka'idojin matakin aikace-aikace zai jawo karuwar masu amfani sosai
• Karuwar masu amfani daidai da yadda intanet ta karu a tsakiyar shekarun 1990
• Dama don samun riba mafi kyau ta hanyar bambance-bambancen zuba jari (ba su da alaƙa da juna)
• Yanayin kasuwa ya dace da buƙata - raguwar darajar kuɗin fiat na iya ci gaba
• Dama ga masu kula da zuba jari su samu fa'ida na farkon shiga fiye da abokan hamayya

Barazana

• Tashin farashi mai yawa wanda zai iya jawo faduwar farashi mai tsanani
• Dokokin kasuwanci a manyan kasuwanni sun juya baya ga fasahar
• Cibiyar sadarwa ta fuskanci matsalar fasaha, wanda ke shafar yadda ake kallon darajarta
• Wani 'sabuntawa' ga cibiyar sadarwa ya haifar da matsalolin fasaha da ba a zata ba
• An fi ta da wani kadarar dijital wanda ke da goyon bayan masu amfani ko dokoki fiye da ita

Wannan ba cikakken jerin bane kuma ya kamata mu sa ran masu zuba jari za su rike ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da karfi da rauni da sauransu. Duk da haka, wannan aikin yana karfafa masu nazari su fahimci cibiyar sadarwar Bitcoin, ka'idojinta da kadararta sosai kuma su yi la'akari da abin da ke sa ta zama mai dacewa da zuba jari. Hakanan yana da muhimmanci a duba wannan nazari lokaci-lokaci saboda muhimman abubuwan tsarin suna ci gaba da bunkasa.

Nazarin SWOT yana kuma karfafa masu nazari su kwatanta da tsarin kuɗin fiat. Rashin yarda da matsalolin da ke tattare da kuɗin fiat na iya zama cikas ga fahimtar Bitcoin. Tsawon shekaru, ba a tattauna matsalolin kuɗin fiat sosai a cikin al'ummomin zuba jari ko na ilimi ba, saboda an yarda gaba ɗaya cewa babu wata madadin mai inganci tun bayan karewar tsarin zinariya, wanda ya ba da damar tsarin kuɗin fiat masu yawo. Wato, har sai da Bitcoin ta bayyana.

Bitcoin tana da sabbin halaye na musamman. Saboda haka, an yi muhawara sosai kan yadda za a tantance darajarta a matsayin zuba jari. Wani yawan suka shine ba ta da kudaden shiga kamar hannun jari, takardun bashi ko kadarorin gida, don haka ana ganin ba ta dace da zuba jari ba. Duk da haka, wannan na iya nuna rashin sassaucin tsarin zuba jari wanda ke bukatar a sake fasalta shi don dacewa da sabbin ra'ayoyi. Yana taimaka wa wasu masu zuba jari su dauki bitcoin (kadarar) a matsayin 'zinariya ta dijital' mai inganci fiye da zinariya ta zahiri. Zinariya ma ba ta da kudaden shiga kuma tana da dogon tarihi na amfani a matsayin kudi. Kwatanta halayen kudi na zinariya, fiat da bitcoin na iya zama abin koyo, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin labarin 2018 'The Bullish Case for Bitcoin' na Vijay Boyapati.

Idan babu hanyoyin gargajiya na tantance daraja, ta yaya ya kamata mu duba yiwuwar darajar bitcoin a nan gaba?

Masani Jesse Myers4 daga OnRamp yana ba da shawarar cewa saboda bitcoin za a iya dauka a matsayin sabon tushen kudi wanda zai iya sake saita farashin duk wasu kadarori, to kasuwar da bitcoin za ta iya shiga ita ce dukiyar duniya gaba daya (kimanin €900T), wato, duk darajar da ke cikin hannun jari, takardun bashi, kadarorin gida, kasuwannin kudi da sauransu.

Tabbas, ba a sa ran bitcoin za ta mallaki mafi yawan ko ma babban kaso na dukiyar duniya nan kusa ba. Wannan labari ne na shekaru da dama. Don haka, a halin yanzu, ta yaya za mu iya bibiyar ko cibiyar sadarwar Bitcoin na tafiya a hanya madaidaiciya, don tabbatar da cewa wannan ra'ayin zuba jari a bitcoin (karamin b don kadarar) yana nan daram?

A cikin cibiyar sadarwar Bitcoin akwai alamomi da dama da za mu iya bi don duba ayyukan da ke faruwa. Ga wasu misalai a kasa. Wannan ba cikakken jerin bane kuma cikakken bayanin kowanne ya wuce iyakar wannan darasi.

• Hashrate na cibiyar sadarwa (jimillar karfin kwamfuta da ake amfani da shi wajen hakar ma'adinai da sarrafa mu'amaloli a kan rajistar Bitcoin mai amfani da Proof-of-Work)
• Darajar euro da aka mu'amala a kan cibiyar sadarwa
• Yawan bitcoin da ke kan kasuwanni (ma'aunin karancin bitcoin da ake da shi don kasuwanci)
• Yawan masu amfani, walat masu aiki a kan cibiyar sadarwa (mataki na asali da mataki na biyu kamar Lightning). Ya kamata a lura cewa kimantawa na iya bambanta sosai, don haka yana da muhimmanci a zabi hanya guda don duba canje-canje yadda ya kamata.
• Yawan nodes masu aiki a kan cibiyar sadarwa
• HODL waves (rarraba masu rike da bitcoin bisa tsawon lokacin da suka rike tsabar kudi)
• Yanayin wallafa labarai masu alaka da Bitcoin, kamar fina-finai, littattafai ko labarai a manyan kafafen yada labarai.
• Yanayin karuwar yawan 'yan kasuwa da ke karbar biyan bitcoin a manyan tattalin arziki. Ana iya bibiyar wannan a btcmap.org

Bibiya da tarin alamomi na cibiyar sadarwa yana taimaka wa manaja ya duba ko ra'ayin zuba jari yana nan daram. Haka kuma, bibiya da ci gaban hannun jarin da ake sayarwa a kasuwa (kamar masu hakar ma'adinai ko kamfanonin da ke ba da damar zuba jari a bitcoin) na iya samar da karin bayanai masu goyon baya. Ana iya tantance wadannan hannun jari da hanyoyin gargajiya da masu kula da zuba jari suka saba da su, kamar samfurin ragin kudaden shiga ko ma'auni kamar farashi/riba, farashi/sayarwa, farashi/ci gaban riba, farashi/kudaden shiga kyauta, ko farashi/darajar littafi.

4.2.4 Tasirin Bitcoin a kan Kundin Zuba Jari

Duk da cewa tana da shekaru 15 kacal, zuwa watan Agusta 2025 bitcoin ta zama kadarar ta 7 mafi daraja a duniya. Duk da cewa yana da muhimmanci ga masu kula da zuba jari su fahimci yanayin Bitcoin da yiwuwar tasirinta ga tattalin arziki da al'umma, tambaya mafi muhimmanci daga mahangar sana'a ita ce yiwuwar tasirinta ga kundin zuba jari.

Idan mun yarda cewa Bitcoin na iya mallakar babban kaso na dukiyar duniya a dogon lokaci, to yana da ma'ana a ware wani kaso don ta a matsayin mai karfin kara riba. Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a duba ko ribar ta dace da hadarin. Wannan yana bayyana a cikin Sharpe Ratio da aka ambata a baya. Manaja ya kamata ya kuma duba bambance-bambancen zuba jari. Wato, yadda ribar zuba jari na wata kadara ke da alaƙa da sauran kadarori a cikin kundin, tare da la'akari da hadarin canjin farashi da faduwa.

Akwai bayanai a fili game da tasirin bitcoin a kan kundin zuba jari a Fidelity Investments ko Nakamoto Portfolio daga Swan Research. A cikin wani bincike da aka sabunta a Yuni 2024, Fidelity ta gudanar da nazarin ribar zuba jari, canjin farashi da alaƙa tsakanin bitcoin da hannun jari, takardun bashi da zinariya a cikin kundin 60/40 na hannun jari/takardun bashi. Sun gano cewa bitcoin ta samar da wani fa'ida na bambance-bambancen zuba jari, ko da yake alaƙar na canzawa.

Jadawalin da ke ƙasa yana nuna alaƙar canji na shekaru 3 tsakanin bitcoin da hannun jari da takardun bashi, daga Yuli 2013 zuwa Maris 2024. Yana nuna cewa, yayin da alaƙar tsakanin hannun jari da takardun bashi ke karuwa. Alaƙar shekaru 3 da hannun jari na 0.53 da da takardun bashi na 0.26 har zuwa Maris 2024 na nuna babban yiwuwar bambance-bambancen zuba jari a cikin kundin kadarori da dama.

Jimillar darajar kasuwar bitcoin bai wuce €100B ba har zuwa tsakiyar 2016. Don haka, auna alaƙar a farkon lokaci na iya zama ba da ma'ana sosai ba tunda kasuwar bitcoin ba ta da zurfi, ruwa da ingancin farashi a shekarun farko, musamman kafin Janairu 2018 lokacin da aka fara cinikin kwangilar bitcoin futures.

Daga mahangar ribar zuba jari, Fidelity ta lura cewa daga Agusta 1, 2010 zuwa Maris 31, 2024, bitcoin ta samu ribar shekara-shekara na 178%, yayin da ta lura cewa tun bayan fara cinikin futures, ribar shekara-shekara na kusan 29.6%. Tabbas, abin da ya faru a baya ba tabbacin abin da zai faru a gaba bane. Duk da haka, a bayyane yake cewa bitcoin na da damar kara ribar kundin zuba jari sosai.

Canjin farashin bitcoin na yawan ambato a matsayin dalilin da yasa masu kula da zuba jari ke kauce wa bitcoin a matsayin wani bangare na kundin zuba jari. Wannan korafi ne mai dan ban mamaki, tunda sarrafa canjin farashi na kadarori daban-daban a cikin kundin zuba jari abu ne da kowane kwararren manaja ya saba da shi. Haka kuma, Fidelity ta gano cewa canjin farashin shekara-shekara na bitcoin ba shi da bambanci sosai da na 'magnificent seven' na manyan kamfanonin fasaha masu tasiri. A karshen 2023, akwai hannun jari 92 na S&P da suka fi bitcoin canjin farashi.

Fidelity ta kuma lura cewa canjin farashin bitcoin yana raguwa a lokaci. Wannan abin da ake sa ran zai faru ne yayin da kasuwa ke girma. Kasuwa mai zurfi da ruwa na ba da damar shigowar babban jari ba tare da tasiri sosai ga farashin kasuwa ba.

Babban canjin farashi, wanda ake auna da daidaiton bambanci na ribar zuba jari, yana da fahimta sosai ga masu zuba jari a matsayin sakamakon kadarori masu yin kyau. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa, daga 2020 zuwa farkon 2024, masu zuba jari a bitcoin sun sami lada mai kyau saboda canjin farashinta, inda Sharpe ratio ya kai 0.96 idan aka kwatanta da 0.65 na S&P 500. Sortino ratio na iya zama mafi bayani, tunda yana duba daidaiton bambanci na ribar da ke kasa kawai ko 'mummunan' canji. Kima ta 1.86 na nuna cewa mafi yawan canjin farashi a cikin shekaru hudu ya kasance zuwa sama. Wannan duk da wasu manyan faduwar farashi a cikin wannan lokaci.

A ƙarshe, bitcoin dukiya ce mai sauyin farashi sosai. Wannan abin tsammani ne saboda sabuwa ce kuma tana cikin dogon tafiya na gano farashinta da kuma karɓuwar masu amfani. Masu saka jari na ƙwararru suna da kayan aiki don rungumar wannan sauyin farashi, kuma, la’akari da yiwuwar samun riba mai yawa, sukan sarrafa hakan yadda ya dace. Suna iya tantance adadin da ya dace, bisa tsarin saka jarinsu da kuma yadda suke iya ɗaukar haɗari. Kuma, don rage sauyin farashi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, riƙe bitcoin akalla tsawon zagaye ɗaya na shekara huɗu na halving na iya zama mafi ƙarancin lokacin riƙewa da ya dace.

4.2.5 Sauyin Labari

Tun farkon 2024, an samu babban sauyi a labarin da ake bayarwa game da bitcoin a cikin harkokin kuɗi na gargajiya. Kasuwa ta shiga shekarar 2023 da har yanzu akwai tasirin rugujewar FTX. Saboda haka, yawancin masana'antar ba sa ɗaukar bitcoin a matsayin dukiya mai dacewa da saka jari sosai.

Bayan shekara guda, labarin ya sauya sosai. Amincewar SEC na Amurka da kayayyakin Bitcoin ETF ya nuna babban sauyi a tsarin dokoki. Wannan ci gaban ya buɗe ƙofa ga masu saka jari na ƙwararru, yana ba su damar shiga wannan ajin dukiya ta hanyar samfurin da aka tsara, wanda manyan masu kula da dukiya masu daraja suka fitar.

Bayan watanni tara kacal da fara ciniki, Bitcoin ETFs sun zama mafi nasara a tarihin ETFs. Bayan zangon ciniki biyu kacal, sun riga sun karya tarihin jawo mafi yawan kuɗi a shekara ta farko da kuma yawan masu saka jari na cibiyoyi. Bayan amincewar ETF da nasarar cinikinsu, manyan kamfanonin saka jari (kamar Blackrock, Fidelity da Cantor Fitzgerald) suna yin tsokaci masu kyau sosai game da makomar bitcoin. Wannan yana ƙara matsin lamba ga masu kula da saka jari da ba su da tsari mai kyau na bitcoin.

Yana ƙara wahala ga masu saka jari na ƙwararru su kare rashin samun wani kaso na bitcoin, ko da a matsayin bincike ne kawai. Haka kuma, sauyin labarin ya taimaka wajen bayyana ainihin matsalar tsarin kuɗin fiat - yana raguwa a ƙarfin siye da lokaci.

A ƙarshe, aikin ƙwararrun masu saka jari shi ne sarrafa haɗari. Da wannan a zuciya, yana da kyau a yi la’akari da abin da ‘babu ko kaɗan’ a bitcoin ke nufi daga mahangar sarrafa haɗari.

Shin kamar caca ne, da tabbacin kashi 100%, cewa hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin da tsarin sa za su gaza? Idan haka ne, shin wannan ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa haɗari ne?

A duniyar kuɗi na gargajiya, masu shakku da bitcoin har yanzu su ne mafi rinjaye. Wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne. Wannan fanni na da halin tsoron sauyi, yana aiki ne a cikin yanayi mai cike da dokoki. A irin wannan yanayi, inda bin doka da oda ke da muhimmanci, babu wani babban riba ga wanda ya fara rungumar sabuwar fasaha mai kawo sauyi. A gaskiya, akwai haɗarin rasa aiki ga wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin yin gaba da kowa.

Sai dai, kamar sauran fannoni kamar inshora ko injiniya inda sarrafa haɗari mai kyau ke da muhimmanci, buƙatar yin aiki yadda ya kamata ya fi muhimmanci fiye da son zama daidai. Saboda haka, masu kula da saka jari da ke da shakku game da bitcoin ya kamata su yi la’akari da samun wani kaso, saboda haɗarin rashin samun riba gaba ɗaya idan bitcoin ya ci gaba da yin kyau a dogon lokaci. Haɗarin rashin samun wani kaso bai kamata a yi watsi da shi ba.

4.2.6 Tasirin Bitcoin a Nan Gaba ga Gudanar da Saka Jari

Hakanan yana da kyau a yi la’akari da irin tasirin da hauhawar bitcoin a cikin fayilolin saka jari zai iya yi wa masana’antar gudanar da saka jari a dogon lokaci.

Matsalar 'adana ƙima' na kuɗin fiat ta kasance babban dalili da ya sa masana’antar gudanar da saka jari ta ƙwararru ta bunƙasa tun daga shekarun 1970. Rashin iya adana ƙarfin siye na kuɗin fiat a cikin asusun ajiya mai sauƙi ya haifar da yawaitar kayayyakin saka jari, ga masu amfani da ke neman ƙara ko aƙalla kiyaye ƙarfin siyan su.

Sakamakon wannan al’amari shi ne manyan ajin dukiya - hannayen jari, bashi da kadarorin ƙasa, sun samu ƙarin ƙima saboda iyawarsu na adana ƙima a dogon lokaci. Haka kuma, yayin da raguwar ƙimar kuɗin fiat ta ƙaru, kuɗaɗe sun ƙara zuba jari a cikin waɗannan kadarori, wanda hakan ke haifar da saka jari a wuraren da ba su dace ba da kuma ƙimar da ba ta dace ba, wanda zai iya haifar da kumfa a kasuwa da sakamako mara kyau ga masu saka jari. Ana ganin wannan tasiri har ma a cikin ƙimar kadarori na daban kamar zane-zane, motoci tsofaffi da sauran abubuwan tarawa.

A nan gaba, idan bitcoin ya fi samun karbuwa a matsayin mafi ingancin ajiyar ƙima fiye da sauran ajin dukiya kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin ajiyar baitul-mali, wane tasiri hakan zai yi wa ƙimar sauran ajin dukiya?

Tasirin dogon lokaci na iya zama babba: bitcoin na iya jawo 'ƙimar kuɗi' daga sauran ajin dukiya, a hankali da farko, sannan da sauri yayin da mutane suka fahimci halayensa. A wannan yanayi, yawancin kayayyakin saka jari za su zama tsofaffi, wanda zai sa masana’antar gudanar da saka jari ta ragu. A karshe, kaso na wannan fanni a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya na iya raguwa ya koma yadda yake shekaru 50 da suka wuce.

Tabbas, ba yawa daga cikin masu sharhi ke tsammanin wannan yanayi zai faru nan kusa ba - karɓuwar bitcoin a duniya labari ne na shekaru da dama. Duk da haka, kamfanonin gudanar da saka jari da suka riga suka shirya suna da babbar dama fiye da wadanda ba su shirya ba. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci ga duk kamfanonin gudanar da saka jari su sanya ‘The Rise of Bitcoin’ a cikin rajistar haɗarinsu. Kuma, ko mafi shakku daga cikin masu kula da saka jari ya kamata ya tambayi kansa:

Me zai faru idan, kamar yadda intanet ta tashi, ba za mu iya kawai zabar fita daga ciki ba?

Bayanan kula

1. Tashi ko Faduwa, Bitcoin tsarin kimanta ƙima, Ibrahim Leemoon, Jami'ar Wilkes, Disamba 2017.
2. Dalilan Da Ke Sa A Yi Imani Da Bitcoin, 2 ga Maris, 2018 daga Vijay Boyapati yana ƙunshe da kwatancen halayen kuɗi na Bitcoin, Zinariya da Fiat.
3. Cikakken kimar da Bitcoin zai iya samu, Jesse Myers, Fabrairu 2003.
4. Akwai albarkatu da dama da ke samar da bayanai da jadawali game da hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin. Bitbo misali ne:https://charts.bitbo.io/index/
5. Babban kadarorin duniya da aka fi daraja ana bibiyarsu a nan:https://companiesmarketcap.com/assets-by-market-cap/
6. Fayil ɗin Nakamoto jerin kayan aiki, bincike da lambar buda-tushen da zai iya taimaka wa masu nazari su tantance tasirin bitcoin a cikin fayilolin saka jari.
7. Abubuwan da za a yi la’akari da su wajen haɗa bitcoin a cikin fayilolin saka jari, Fidelity Institutional
8. Dangantaka tana bayyana ƙarfinsa na haɗin ribar saka jari tsakanin kadarori. Dangantaka madaidaiciya tana da ƙima 1, yayin da dangantaka akasin haka tana da -1. Dangantaka 0 na nufin babu alaƙa tsakanin kadarorin. Dangantaka muhimmin sashi ne wajen raba kadarori kuma hanya ce mai amfani don auna bambancin fayil.
9. Dubawa Mai Zurfi Kan Sauyin Farashin Bitcoin, Fidelity Digital Assets
10. Matsakaicin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a Amurka daga TradingEconomics.com; tushe: Hukumar Kididdiga ta Ma'aikatar Kwadago ta Amurkahttps://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-cpi
11. Bitcoin ETFs Sun Kafa Tarihi: Manyan 'Yan Kasuwa na Wall Street Sun Shigo, Amma Har Yanzu Akwai Dama Ga Masu Zuba Jari Masu Hikima, Yahoo Finance, 28 ga Agusta, 2024.

Broad money represents the big set of money that people and businesses directly use to transact with each other, store our savings in, and define as our ‘money’
Lyn Alden

4.3.0 Introduction

Once a new technology rolls over you, if you're not part of the steamroller, you're part of the road.
Stewart Brand

Banking and payments have been strongly related ever since banks emerged. Many institutions are engaged to some degree in both activities. In the 2020s the largest banks rank alongside the largest payments services companies and often have significant cross-shareholdings. For example as at December 2023, Bank of America, which founded Visa in 1958 as BankAmericard, owned 1.53% of Visa Inc. Morgan Stanley owned 3.26% (source: Wikipedia).

Until the 19th century the involvement of banks in payments, other than as issuers of paper money backed by gold, was much lower as most transactions were made in cash. By the middle of the century paper cheques, supported by banks, had emerged and become the primary means of exchange in the United States for larger transactions as a replacement for cash. The advent of the telegraph created the opportunity for Western Union to pioneer the first money transfer service in 1871. Historically, the main roles of banks were as custodians of money through the provision of bank accounts, and as providers of credit to individuals and businesses.

The rise of digital communications and the internet have generated huge innovation in payments both inside the banking system and outside, PayPal is an example of these new payment providers. However, until the advent of stable coins on blockchain ledgers, the banking system still lay underneath all payments solutions. USDt, also known as Tether, now allows the banking system to be disintermediated from payments denominated in and valued by the market as US Dollars. Payment disintermediation is one element of technology that may change banking and payments. Another more consequential change for the role of banks could be driven by the emergence and growth of value transfer denominated in an entirely different unit of money - bitcoin.

The purpose of this chapter is to consider what the rise of Bitcoin may mean for the banking and payments industries. It also aims to provide a basis for banks and payments services companies to identify threats and opportunities that this neutral, permissionless and global value transfer technology may present. 

4.3.1 Risk

The most important causes of change are not to be found in political manifestos or in the pronouncements of dead economists, but in the hidden factors that alter the boundaries where power is exercised. Often, subtle changes in climate, topography, microbes, and technology alter the logic of violence.
James Dale Davidson

We are not concerned here with the usual financial or operational business risks that banking, payment services and other companies may need to monitor and manage. In this section we consider strategic business risks that could emerge and how the rise of Bitcoin may drive a once in a century transformation of the industry. If we were to rank industries by likelihood and impact with respect to being affected by the rise of this technology, then banking and payments would sit right at the top of the list.

History is replete with examples of technology innovation changing how human societies evolved and were governed. The Sovereign Individual, a 1997 book by James Dale Davidson and William Rees-Mogg, explores how technology changes drove the change in the West from a world governed by the Church to one of the nation states we inhabit today. They identify the key technology innovations as the emergence of the printing press and the use of gunpowder as a fuel for violence which changed the returns to violence at scale.

An important observation is that there is no evidence that either the Church or the people at large wanted or instigated the change that occurred. In retrospect it appears inevitable that the power that emerged from the Church’s control of information would ebb as the new economics removed its monopoly on producing written materials.

The printing press lowered the cost of reproducing information, and thus increased the decentralisation of the production of written material. 

History suggests that technology that drove large change was not instigated by the governmental framework, the institutions, the leadership or by the people via democratic processes. More often we saw that people and institutions tended to vainly resist, obstruct and delay the adoption. In the 20th century we can observe this in the early responses to the use of automobiles, electricity, cryptography, email and the internet.

The embracing of new technologies by markets drove the reshaping of where people lived, how they worked and sometimes the very structure of what they regarded as their culture, country or leadership entity. In many cases it changed the scale and construction of that very entity itself. Other examples of technology driving wide scale societal change include the rise of farming, electricity, automobiles and the internet.

This evidence is cited to support the conclusion that technology must therefore be superordinate to law. Law can catch up afterwards, but the flow of causation shows legal means can’t reasonably or durably stop change, and nor can legal means cause it. Laws changing are an effect of technology change, not the cause, and new technology innovation can’t be voted in, decreed by a ruler or indeed prevented without self-harm.

Law has been unable to prevent the advance of many technologies which at the time of their inception the society seemed to wish to prevent. Where this has been achieved it has usually reduced the wealth of that nation in the medium to long term.

4.3.2 Credit and Money Creation

It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our banking and monetary system, for if they did I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning.
Henry Ford

Most banks are involved in credit creation and this along with related consumer and global banking activities underpin a large source of earnings.

Friedrich Hayek, Nobel prize-winning economist, argued that the centralisation of money that occurred during the 20th century was an underlying driver of the centralisation of nation states. The rise of Bitcoin may push this into reverse, something which many people support and indeed to which politicians pay lip service, but have been seemingly unable to deliver.

Prior to the 20th century emperors, kings, queens and governments were always constrained by access to money. They often resorted to tactics such as debasement or coin clipping to fight these constraints. However, because these workarounds required effort and took time the constraint still worked to some extent. The wealth that money measures does not emerge centrally from above but from a decentralised economy. Until the 20th century the nature of money reflected this flow upwards from the market and thus was itself ‘real’. The form of this money, its specific technology, varied in time and place as part of the evolution of human societies.

Since the early part of the 20th century experiments were undertaken to remove the ‘realness’ of money, culminating in its full dissociation from reality in 1971 when the dollar’s convertibility to gold was “temporarily” suspended.

I have directed Secretary Connally to suspend temporarily the convertibility of the American dollar except in amounts and conditions determined to be in the interest of monetary stability and in the best interests of the United States.
Richard Nixon

Money is a technology and Bitcoin, as a digital money, may be one of the biggest technology innovations in human history.

...money is, at root, technology as much as any other basic machine like the wedge, lever or wheel.
Business Insider

Comparable in scale to the invention of farming, the printing press or gunpowder. Excluding altruism, money motivates all voluntary human action and therefore it is possible that a new solution in this technology for 8 billion people may turn out to be the most impactful technology innovation in human history.

Money is power, it is a technology, and as such it is superordinate to law, and therefore by deduction it is also superordinate to lawmaking institutions. The decentralisation of money will drive the decentralisation of power.

One of the penalties paid for the blessings of stability of the currency is that the law finds itself unprepared for unexpected and revolutionary changes in the monetary system.
Phanor J. Eder

Today nations specify one or more moneys as legal tender. If the market were to determine something else as a preferred money either locally or internationally then governments may face a situation where the demand for the local tender currency is outpaced by the demand for the global, neutral ‘real’ money. We will again observe that real money is a market determined good which may cause legislative change, and is not itself created by law. Nations could always choose to keep tender laws that specify the less demanded money, but would be well-advised to consider the self-harming consequences of making such choices :

History shows it is not​ possible to insulate yourself from the consequences of others holding money that is harder than yours.
Saifedean Ammous

The argument presented above shows how a decentralised, global and neutral money can drive decentralisation of power. Now we turn to how Bitcoin, a decentralised monetary communications technology, may also be a precursor of the decentralisation of non monetary communications and media. 

4.3.3 Disintermediation of Payments

If you try to unwind the credit bubble but [the banks] are completely essential for payments and hence for commerce... there's no a priori... reason why that should [be]
Allen Farrington

Bitcoin’s design both on its base layer blockchain, some open second layers, and apps on higher layers enables individuals to transact digital value with one another without relying on third parties. It has not previously been possible to have disintermediated digital payments. However, designing the capability for peer to peer payments does not imply that all or even most payments will end up as such. The extent to which payments become peer to peer as Bitcoin’s footprint grows will emerge from the market. The market is, in part, shaped by those that offer services, which could include existing banking and payments institutions. If these institutions do not participate then the market will simply emerge with new players growing to supply the services demanded.

The ability to transact a decentralised currency digitally in a peer to peer fashion will act as a control against the future use of monopoly or oligopoly power to centralise money and payments. This means the engagement of existing banks and payment institutions to provide services does not threaten Bitcoin’s overall thesis. 

From the time that the first Bitcoin exchanges came online they have acted as custodians for many holders of bitcoin. Hence any payments of bitcoin made from these exchanges either to an individual’s self custody wallet or directly to a merchant have been intermediated by the exchanges. However, once in self custody payments can be made peer to peer and many bitcoiners also transact this way.

The evolution of the Lightning Network as a low cost, instant and final settlement layer 2 payments solution has led to a new and diverse group of payments intermediaries. They offer the convenience of custodied funds on lightning that can be accessed via phone apps for quick and easy face to face or online payments in bitcoin. It is possible for individuals to run their own self custodial lightning node, but it is a more demanding technical implementation than just holding bitcoin in self custody on chain. Lightning wallets are more suitable than on chain funds for day to day spending, and they rather resemble a current/checking account with a bank than a savings or investment account. As with current accounts, and for the same reasons, these wallets tend to hold only smaller amounts needed for short term spending. Many bitcoiners have shown themselves to be comfortable to trade off self custody for convenience when using Lightning on the grounds that they are only taking on counterparty risk with small funds.

Reduction of systemic risk

The settlement of most digital payments today, however the payment appears on the surface, requires banks to transact either internally or with other banks. This is due to the way that the financial system needs to be structured as a pyramid with the central bank at the top below which the banks manage digital payments in the currency for which the central bank is responsible. This means that when a bank crisis occurs, the consequences of allowing a bank to fail presents systemic risk to the payments network.

Credit card processing, at time of sale:

1. Customer presents card for payments
2. Payment request sent to payment processor
3. Payment processor sends on request to card association (Visa, Mastercard)
4. Card association send on request to customer's card issuing bank
5. Issuing bank approves or declines the payment
6. Card association passes on response to payment processor
7. Payment processor sends on response to merchant terminal which approves or declines the payment

Payment finalisation, at some later time:

1. Payment processor instruct their bank to make (net) payment to merchant’s bank
2. Customer instructs their bank to make (net) payment to card issuing bank

The conflation of the banking system with payments creates an unnecessary risk which manifests itself in a political requirement to rescue banks when there is a credit crisis or else the entire economy would collapse as payment processes fail. This creates a moral hazard in the credit creation process itself.

Lightning Network processing

1. Merchant terminal presents Lightning invoice QR code
2. Customer scans invoice QR code from their Lightning wallet on their smartphone and send funds
3. The transaction is finalised in real time by nodes in the Lightning Network passing bitcoin through a chain of liquidity

Note: this process only transmits information and money

Payment finalisation happens at time of sale

• Merchant receives funds immediately as compared with days or weeks using existing rails
• Banks not required
• No credit risk
• No systemic risk

By enabling a real separation between responsibility for the currency and the digital payments process, Bitcoin offers the opportunity to significantly reduce, if not remove, the dependency between digital payments and banking, making the overall financial system more resilient. This may mean that societies no longer have to face the conundrum of needing to socialise losses made in the banking sector or face the breakdown of the economy’s payments systems. No one party is responsible for Bitcoin, although many individuals, companies and non-profits contribute to its growth and development. Bitcoin’s value emerges not from institutional structures, but from the market.

4.3.4 Threats

Payments

There is a clear societal and economic stability benefit from being able to disentangle payments systems from the wider banking system. If banks were no longer central to the global payments system then the requirement to bail out those that become insolvent due to poor debt creation would be significantly reduced. For their own success, banks are likely to become more responsible for their lending practices as the backstop that currently exists may be significantly reduced or even removed.

Not only is this a threat to some earnings banks make from payments, but it has a wider knock on implications for their business in savings and loans.

There is likely to be a more diverse set of payments providers, including some consumers becoming their own providers by running personal or community bitcoin lightning services. With many new entrants banks and existing payment service providers will need to develop attractive services to maintain their earnings. 

International remittances and foreign exchange

Bitcoin and stable coin solutions offer a significant reduction in the frictions and costs linked with foreign payments and international remittances. This may represent a significant threat to earnings for banks and payment service providers.

The size of foreign exchange markets has risen from essentially zero since the outbreak of World War II to $7.5trn per day at the end of 2022, with almost all that growth occurring since the end of the Bretton Woods exchange system in 1971. Banks and payment service providers derive significant earnings from providing services in these markets.

https://www.cls-group.com/media/psfny5au/cls_fx_policy_02_fall_of_bretton_woods_fx_50years_afloat_shapingfx_series_oct2023.pdf

Savings and Loans

Consumers are no longer compelled to store value in banks in order for it to be usable in payments. This is not just a threat to the ‘too big to fail’ position that banks inhabit today as mentioned above in 3.4.1, but also may impact their ability to create debt in the form of loans.

A reduction in the quantity of credit that banks could create may significantly reduce earnings in both consumer and global banking.

4.3.5 Opportunities

Whilst BItcoin makes disintermediated savings and payments possible, some people are likely to see value in trading some counterparty risk for convenience either in part or in whole. There is a huge opportunity for banks and payment services providers to leverage their existing market presence to produce successful products that attract such customers. 

Payments

The Bitcoin payment space is developing rapidly both from a merchant and customer perspective. There are large opportunities for banks and payment services providers to innovate on their existing platforms to seamlessly introduce native bitcoin payment solutions. It is inevitable that this will happen eventually, however, the threat of being late to this opens opportunities for future market share to accrue to new players who are already providing and developing such solutions. Some of the solutions are open source, others are proprietary, and some are in between where the code is open sourced, but operators can choose to implement the open source code as a backbone for their proprietary solution. 

Such solutions may be geographically limited or available globally. They also typically come with reduced payment fees and faster time to final settlement - often under a second. They cut out middlemen and sidestep correspondence and central banks to offer better and more efficient payment services to customers and merchants.

Micropayments and streaming micropayments are not economically deliverable using today’s systems and money technology. Layers on top of Bitcoin such as the Lightning Network can deliver these functionalities with economically sensible cost. There are a number of areas where the development of such payment solutions could have a dramatic positive impact on growth. One such area is in micropayments for reading individual news articles or streaming payments for watching video media. This may improve the customer experience by reducing advertising intrusion as well as drive growth in direct revenue to media organisations. There will likely be many more areas where the evolution of micropayments will be able to add value to existing products and markets for consumers and profits for the underlying providers. They may also enable the development of entirely new products and markets.

Artificial Intelligence agents cannot make or receive payments in the existing system as they have no human or legal identity. There is an opportunity to lead and shape products that help AI agents to send and receive payments. Existing banks and payment service providers could develop technology that helps to advance this. Since this market does not exist, it’s not a threat, but it could be a missed opportunity. Bitcoin does not require human identity to function and therefore it is likely that AI agents will use technology built on Bitcoin to acquire send and receive payments functionality at some point.

International remittances and foreign exchange

There is an opportunity for banks and payment service providers to leverage Bitcoin and stable coin solutions to streamline their services for consumers and businesses, lowering costs, improving reliability and reducing payment delays. The sooner that they engage the better able they may be to reduce the ‘democratisation’ offered by these new technologies and preserve a good share of their existing markets. Failure to do so in a timely manner is likely to increase the erosion of their earnings in these markets.

Savings

Banks have an opportunity to develop and provide new accounts that could range from simple to sophisticated with varying custody benefits to customers. There will be trade-offs that customers face between self-custody and convenience and banks could develop a matrix of products to satisfy different customers. Many customers may be happy both to self-custody some bitcoin whilst also having accounts with banks for some of their money.

Different accounts may carry varying benefits to provider and customer, here are some possible examples:

• Shared custody for a fee, but provider has no rights to use customer assets for lending
• Free custody accounts where the provider has the right to use for full reserve lending
• Custody accounts with interest in bitcoin if the provider is authorised to lend against fractional reserves and/or provide liquidity into trading markets or payments channels.

Credit

There may be opportunities to extend new forms of credit based on bitcoin collateral. Some examples are suggested below:

• Fiat (eg US$) credit based on bitcoin collateral in shared custody or proof of control
• Bitcoin credit similar to above
• Unsecured bitcoin credit.

4.3.6 Activity

Critically analyse the threats and opportunities identified.

Bitcoin maganin da ya dace ga raguwar darajar kudin fiat. Iyakar adadin Bitcoin, manhajar buda-baki, da rarrabuwar hanyar sadarwa na kare shi daga hauhawar farashi. Haka kuma, kasancewarsa kudin makamashi, yana bukatar amfani da makamashi don samu, wanda ke nuna yadda yake da kima ta musamman wajen kare darajarsa.
Jack Mallers

4.4.0 Gabatarwa

Bangaren fasaha yana gaba wajen karɓar Bitcoin. Kamar yadda ake yawan faɗi, kuma kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin maganar da ke sama – yana haɗa abubuwan da mutane ba su fahimta game da kwamfuta da kuma abin da ba su fahimta game da kudi. Wannan maganar ta kuma bayyana wasu muhimman abubuwa game da Bitcoin da ya kamata a fahimta don gane ainihin kimarsa. Wannan yana sa bangaren fasaha ya kasance a matsayi mai kyau don cin gajiyar karɓarsa, amma kuma a gaba wajen sauye-sauyen da za su faru a duk tsawon rayuwar kasuwanci.

Idan muka duba kowanne irin kasuwanci na yau da kullum, hakan na iya bayyana kamar haka:

• Dabarar Kasuwanci – ta yaya kowanne kasuwanci zai dace 
• Tsarin Kasuwanci – Yaya za a cimma hakan
• Abin da za a sayar – Wadanne kayayyaki ko ayyuka da ƙwarewar da ake bukata don cimma hakan
• Yadda za a yi nasara – Dabarar fita kasuwa da tallace-tallace 
• Tsaro – Duk wani tasiri ga Gudanarwa, dokoki da bin doka
• Gudanar da ma'aikata – wadanne ƙwarewa ake bukata
• Nasarar Abokin Ciniki – Hada kai, shigarwa, gudanarwa da riƙe abokan ciniki
• Ci gaba da ƙirƙira – yadda za a ci gaba da bin sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa cikin sauri a tsarin

4.4.1 Dabarar Kasuwanci – ta yaya kasuwanci zai dace?

Bitcoin sabuwar fasaha ce da ake karɓa a duniya baki ɗaya. Ko da a farko ba a iya ganewa haka ba, zai iya shafar dukkan fannoni na kowanne kasuwanci har da wadanda suka shafi fasaha kai tsaye.

Shi ne farkon dukiya ta dijital da ke da iyaka kuma ya haifar da sabon kasuwa na ‘crypto-coins’ ko ‘alt-coins’ da ke ƙoƙarin kwaikwayonsa ko gina wani abu daban ta amfani da fasahohin da ke ƙasa da shi. Daya daga cikin mafi bayyane daga cikin wadannan shi ne blockchain, wanda ke samar da muhimmin damar sarrafa kudi na dijital, amma a wasu lokuta yana zama mafita da ke neman matsala da za ta warware.

An samar da cikakken tsarin kasuwanci a kusa da Bitcoin don ba kawai samar da kudi mai ƙarfi ga zamanin dijital ba, har ma da kwangiloli masu wayo, tsarin biyan kudi da sauran mafita da suka dogara da tsarin.

Don fahimtar yadda Bitcoin zai iya shafar kasuwancinsu, masu samar da fasaha dole ne su fahimci:

• Lambobin sirri
• Bitcoin a matsayin jagora kuma shugaba a fannin
• Kalubalen Blockchain da sadaukarwa da ake bukata
• La'akari da tsaro 
• Gudanar da manhajar buda-baki
• Hanyoyin sadarwa 
• Ilmin lissafi na ɓoye bayanai
• Amfani da tasiri ga abokan ciniki – biyan kudi da sauransu.

Madaidaicin tushe: https://www.solulab.com/cryptocurrency-tech-industry-impact/

Tsaro da sirri - Lambobin sirri da ilmin lissafi na ɓoye bayanai

Tsaron hanyar sadarwar bitcoin yana da matakai da dama. Idan ka aika bitcoin, ana ɓoye mu'amalar da hashing na SHA-256. Aikin hakar ma yana amfani da hashing don ƙirƙirar sahihin bulok kowane minti goma.

Ana iya ɓoye mu'amalolin Bitcoin, amma hakan na bukatar fahimta da amfani da damar kamar:

• Kada a sake amfani da adireshi
• Guje wa amfani da KYC da kuma kada a yi amfani da adireshin imel na kai
• Amfani da walat da aka haɗa da naka node
• Yada haɗin kai na on-chain ta hanyar Tor
• Amfani da Lightning
• Amfani da fasalin Coinjoin
• Amfani da manhaja mai tsaro kamar walat

Kamfanonin fasaha masu mayar da hankali kan tsaro suna da damar fahimta da amfani da wadannan damar don kare abokan ciniki da nasu bitcoin.

Bitcoin a matsayin jagora kuma shugaba

Bitcoin ita ce fasaha ta farko kuma ta tsaya ita kadai a shekarun farko na wanzuwarta. Masana'antar crypto ta girma a kusa da ita inda masu fafatawa ke ƙoƙarin maye gurbinta ko amfani da fasahohin da ke ƙasa da ita don ƙirƙirar sabbin mafita. Wannan ya faru a matakai na karɓuwa kuma ya faru sau biyu a tarihin Bitcoin kamar yadda aka nuna a jadawalin da ke sama. Duk sau biyu, Bitcoin ta dawo da rinjayenta yayin da waɗannan ‘alt-coins’ suka kasa cika alkawuransu. Fahimtar dalilin da yasa hakan ke faruwa a matsayin al'ada mai maimaituwa zai taimaka wajen jagorantar zuba jari a cikin gida da kuma samar da damar ba da shawara ga abokan ciniki.

Matsalar trilemma na blockchain da sadaukarwa

Matsalar trilemma na blockchain tana nufin kalubalen cimma manyan abubuwa guda uku na fasahar blockchain: tsaro, iya fadada aiki, da rashin mai iko guda daya.

Trilemma tana nuna cewa idan an fi mayar da hankali kan daya daga cikin wadannan abubuwa, sau da yawa ana sadaukar da sauran biyun, wanda ke sa ya zama da wahala a cimma duka ukun lokaci guda. Bitcoin ta fi mayar da hankali kan tsaro, inda karfin hash ke kara kare hanyar sadarwa, da kuma rashin mai iko guda daya, wanda ke ba da damar samun hanyar sadarwa ta duniya ba tare da wani babban hukuma ba. Wannan yana zuwa ne da sadaukar da iya fadada aiki, inda adadin mu'amaloli da ake iya sarrafawa a kowane dakika bai da yawa. Wannan matsalar an bar ta a warware a matakai na gaba kamar Lightning, iri daya da tsarin matakai da TCP/IP ke amfani da shi.

Gudanar da manhajar buda-tushen lamba

Bitcoin manhaja ce buda-tushen lamba kuma ana samun lambar asali a karkashin lasisin buda-tushen MIT, kyauta don saukewa da amfani da ita don kowanne dalili. Buda-tushen lamba yana nufin fiye da kawai kyauta don amfani. Hakanan yana nufin cewa bitcoin ana ci gaba da shi ne ta hanyar al'umma mai buda-tushen lamba ta masu sa kai.Andreas Antonopulos

Wannan “al'umma mai buda-tushen lamba ta masu sa kai” suna aiki tare ta dandamali irin su GitHub. Ta hanyar ma'ajin lamba na jama'a, suna tsara ci gaban manhajar a fili. Lambar da tarihin ta koyaushe suna nan a bayyane. Dukkan tsarin yana da irin halaye da blockchain, wato littafin bayanai na buda-tushen lamba da ke zuciyar hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin.

Manufar buda-tushen lamba tana bayyana a ko'ina cikin tsarin Bitcoin; daga abokan ciniki kamar Bitcoin Core da Bitcoin Knots, zuwa na'urorin hakar DIY kamar BitAxe, zuwa walat kamar Wasabi, Green Wallet, ko Blink.

Duk wani kamfani ko mutum da ke da fasaha zai iya shiga cikin wadannan ayyuka, ya kara kima kuma ya gina mafita a kansu.

Wani kyakkyawan tushe na bayanai don ci gaban da ya shafi Bitcoin shine Jameson Lopp, wanda ya dade yana cikin harkar Bitcoin tun farkon zamani.

Abubuwan da suka shafi hanyar sadarwa

Hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin tana kunshe da nodes da ke hade da juna a cikin hanyar sadarwa mai kama da raga tare da tsarin "fats". Babu uwar garke, babu sabis na tsakiya, kuma babu tsarin mulki a cikin hanyar sadarwar. Node kwamfuta ce da ke hade da wasu kwamfutoci wadda ke bin ka'idoji kuma tana raba bayanai. 'Full node' kwamfuta ce a cikin hanyar sadarwar peer-to-peer na Bitcoin, wadda ke dauke da kwafin dukkan blockchain na Bitcoin kuma tana daidaita shi. Nodes suna da matukar muhimmanci wajen ci gaba da tafiyar da hanyar sadarwar kudin intanet, lambar da ke cikin manhajar Bitcoin Core. Ma'adinai wani rukuni ne na musamman na nodes da ke aiwatar da aikin hash da kirkirar blocks. Kamar yadda hoton Lightning a sama ya nuna, akwai tsarin kamfanoni da ke samar da kayan aiki da/ko manhaja don samar da wadannan ayyuka, wanda kowanne kamfanin fasaha zai iya shiga ciki.

Amfani da tasiri ga abokan ciniki

Kamar yadda hoton ya nuna, wani bangare na tsarin yana kunshe da kamfanoni da ke samar da tsarin biyan kudi, walat, rukunin hakar ma'adinai da manhajoji da ke kawo kima ga mai amfani kamar Podcasts da Exchanges. Kowanne daga cikin wadannan bangarori na iya zama hanyar da za a bincika ga kamfanin fasaha, ko dai don fahimtar damar da zai iya samarwa ko barazanar da zai iya kawo wa kasuwancin da ake da shi.

Ta yaya kasuwanci zai bukaci canzawa?

Da fahimtar wadannan muhimman abubuwa, kasuwanci zai samu damar duba ko dabarar da ake da ita yanzu tana bukatar canzawa, misali amsa manyan tambayoyin da aka bayyana a cikin ‘Playing to Win’:

• Burina na nasara – menene manufar kasuwancinmu da burin jagoranci kuma ta yaya Bitcoin ke shiga cikin wannan?
• Ina za mu taka rawa? – wane yankuna, nau'ikan kayayyaki, da sassan kasuwa za mu iya samun nasara a ciki bisa fahimtar tsarin Bitcoin.
• Ta yaya za mu yi nasara? – tayin kima da fa'idar gasa bisa abin da muke iya yi yanzu.
• Wadanne kwarewa dole ne su kasance? – wane irin jarin kayan aiki da zuba jari ake bukata.
• Wadanne tsarin gudanarwa ake bukata? - ta yaya canza nau'in kudi/dukiyar kamfani zai shafi kasuwanci da tsarin cikin gida.

Wani misalin hanya shine yin nazarin SWOT, wanda zai iya hada da:

Karfi

• Wadanne kwarewa da fasahohi ne ake da su a cikin gida da za a iya amfani da su a masana'antar Bitcoin?

Rauni

• Wadanne kwarewa ko karin zuba jari ne za a iya bukata don magance wadannan canje-canje?

Dama

• Wadanne sabbin kasuwanci ne ke tasowa a kusa da Bitcoin?
• Ta yaya AI da Bitcoin/Lightning ke aiki tare?

Barazana

• Me abokan hamayyarmu ke yi don magance wannan fanni?
• Wadanne sabbin abokan hamayya za su iya bayyana yayin da Bitcoin ke girma?
• Wadanne hadari wannan ke iya haifarwa ga kasuwancin da ake da shi yanzu?

Kammala irin wannan nazari ta amfani da wannan ko wasu tsare-tsare zai taimaka wajen fahimtar yadda Bitcoin zai iya shafar kasuwanci, da kuma irin canje-canjen da za a bukata.

4.4.2 Tsarin Kasuwanci – ta yaya za a cimma wannan?

Kamar yadda aka nuna a tsarin misali na Lightning, masana'antar IT na da matukar muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin Bitcoin, kuma akwai hanyoyi da dama da za a iya kara kima bisa amsar tambayoyin inda za ku taka rawa da yadda za ku yi nasara, kamar:

• Ci gaban tsarin sadarwa na Layer 2s/3s
• Shiga cikin ci gaban manhajar buda-tushen lamba
• Kirkirar sabbin mafita na kayan aiki
• Ci gaban manhajoji da software
• Aiwtar da mafita na AI da Bitcoin
• Inganta tsaro da sirrin IT ga hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin
• Hakar Bitcoin da nazarin makamashi

4.4.3 Abin da za a sayar - Waɗanne kayayyaki ko ayyuka za a iya ƙirƙira ko daidaita su zuwa wannan sabon tsarin kasuwanci?

Wasu misalan kamfanoni da ke kawo sabbin abubuwa a wannan fanni sun haɗa da:

Fountain wata Manhajar Podcast ce da ke kawo sabbin hanyoyi a harkar Podcast.

Manhajar tana da alaƙa da walat ɗin Lightning da CashApp ko Strike ke ƙarfafa, wanda ke ba masu amfani damar aika da karɓar ‘sats’ - ƙananan adadin bitcoin.

Masu sauraro za su iya zaɓar su riƙa aika sats zuwa ga mai shirya yayin da suke sauraro. Hakanan za su iya ‘boost’ podcast ɗin da suka fi so ta hanyar aika sats tare da saƙo zuwa ga mai podcast. Boosts za su bayyana a matsayin sharhi don sauran masu sauraro su karanta su kuma amsa. Idan ka aika Boost, zai bayyana a shafin shirin da na kashi a ƙarƙashin ayyuka. Yawan Boost da ka yi, daɗin matsayinsa a shafin kashi. Hakanan za a ga shi daga sauran masu amfani da ke bibiyarka a Fountain a cikin Discover feed ɗinsu.

Saboda haka, masu Podcast za su iya samun sats ta hanyar lightning saboda hulɗar masu sauraro, kuma za su iya zaɓar a raba wannan ta atomatik da duk wanda ya taimaka wajen shirin.

Ga mai amfani, kowanne minti da aka kashe wajen kallon abun ciki, ƙirƙirar abun ciki, ko kallon tallace-tallace, yana ƙara darajar dandalin da ake amfani da shi. Ka yi tunanin waɗanda ake amfani da su kullum. Youtube, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok - duk waɗannan dandali ba za su da wani amfani ba idan ba lokaci da hankali da masu amfani ke ba su, amma babu ɗayansu da ke ba mai amfani lada saboda kasancewa. A manhajar Fountain, masu amfani za su iya samun lada saboda son, sauraron abun da aka tallata ko kawai sauraron podcast.

Kamfanoni na iya la'akari da karkatar da kuɗin talla – wanda aka fi sani da cewa rabin kuɗin yawanci ana ɓata su amma ba a san wanne rabin ba – don ɗaukar irin wannan tsari.

MicroStrategy Incorporated kamfani ne na Amurka da ke samar da bayanan kasuwanci, manhajar wayar hannu da ayyukan girgije. Kamfanin yana ƙirƙirar manhajoji don nazarin bayanai na ciki da na waje domin yanke shawarar kasuwanci da kuma ƙirƙirar manhajoji na wayar hannu.

A watan Agusta 2020, MicroStrategy ta zuba $250 miliyan a bitcoin a matsayin kadarar ajiyar kamfani, saboda raguwar ribar ajiyar kuɗi, kuma yanzu tana amfani da bitcoin don ba ma'aikata lada. MicroStrategy na daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙirƙira da aiwatar da mafita a wannan fanni, kuma a 2023, MicroStrategy ta sanar da wasu shirye-shirye da dama a wannan fanni:

• Ba wa ma'aikata lada saboda halartar taron waya. Ta hanyar haɗa lightning da Zoom, yayin da ake tsara tarurruka da taron kamfani, kamar ranar kamfani, ma'aikatan da suka halarta kuma suka zauna har ƙarewar taron za su samu SATs.
• Ba wa ma'aikata lada saboda raba ilimi tare da haɗin Salesforce. Ma'aikata suna samun lada saboda samar da ilimi mai amfani a cikin labarai da abokan ciniki za su iya karantawa don samun amsa ga tambayoyinsu game da kayayyakin MicroStrategy. Hakanan ana biya ma'aikata saboda amsa tambayoyi kai tsaye da sats.
•  Lada saboda kallon abun ciki tare da haɗin Wistia. Bidiyon da ƙungiyar talla ta ƙirƙira, wanda ke bayyana hangen nesa da manufar MicroStrategy, da kuma ra'ayin abokan ciniki kan yadda kayayyakin kamfanin ke amfani, ana ɗora su a Wistia yayin da ma'aikata ke samun lada saboda kallon waɗannan abubuwan. Manufar ita ce taimaka wa ma'aikata "su fahimci hangen nesan kamfani, sabbin damar kayayyaki, da fahimtar yadda abokan ciniki ke amfani da su" yayin da ake ba su lada da Sats.
• Lada saboda koyo tare da haɗin Adobe LMS. Ma'aikatan MicroStrategy sun bayyana cewa saboda muhimmancin ci gaban kai na ma'aikata ga kamfani, an ƙirƙiri tsarin koyo kuma an haɗa shi da Adobe Learning Management System, wanda shima ke aiki da lada na Lightning.

MicroStrategy ta lura cewa waɗannan damar za su kasance a samuwa ga abokan cinikin dandalin MicroStrategy.

Tun bayan zuba jari na farko a bitcoin, MicroStrategy ta zuba jari sosai har ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu rike da bitcoin, kuma ta ga hannayen jarinta sun fi na sauran kamfanoni a fannin. Ƙarin darajar zaɓin hannun jari da ma'aikata ke da shi an bayyana a wata hira da cewa ya taimaka wajen riƙe ma'aikata.

Tushe:https://cryptotvplus.com/2023/05/how-microstrategys-sats-rewards-spark-employee-motivation/

Kamar yadda waɗannan misalai biyu suka nuna, amfani da Bitcoin da Lightning na ba da damar samar da lada ba kawai ga ma'aikata a cikin gida ba har ma da ayyuka na waje. Kamfanonin fasaha suna da damar da za su iya ɗaukar waɗannan tsare-tsare ga kansu, da kuma taimaka wa abokan ciniki su aiwatar da mafita.

Irin kayayyaki ko ayyukan da za a iya bayarwa zai dogara sosai da ɓangaren fasahar da kamfani ke ciki, amma wasu misalai sun haɗa da:

• Kamfanonin software - Biyan kuɗin SaaS ta hanyar streaming na SATS
• Kamfanonin tsaro – ayyuka na musamman don gano cryptojacking
• MSPs – Shirye-shiryen ilimi kan Blockchain/Bitcoin ga abokan ciniki
• Dandalan sada zumunta - caji don amfani maimakon dogaro da kuɗin talla
• Aika sats ga masu amfani (misali don cike tambayoyi ko don shafe lokaci a dandalin ko shafin yanar gizo) maimakon kashe kuɗi a talla da kasuwanci
• Kamfanonin FinOps suna ɗaukar hanyar Bitcoin don biyan kuɗi
• Masu samar da cibiyoyin bayanai suna ba da mafita na zafi/mining don AI/BTC
• Kamfanonin dumama suna haɗa mining
• Kamfanonin makamashi mai sabuntawa suna haɗa mining

Hakanan yana da muhimmanci a fahimta cewa an zuba manyan jari a cikin ‘alt-coins’ da suka yi ikirarin kawo sabbin mafita, amma har yanzu ba su samu karɓuwa sosai ba. Mafi kyawun ra'ayoyin nan watakila za su ƙare a kan hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin.

4.4.4 Yadda za a ci nasara – dabarar zuwa kasuwa da tallace-tallace

Dabarar tallan dijital ya kamata ta haɗa da shiri na amfani da tashoshin yanar gizo don kafa suna a intanet da cimma manufofin talla na musamman. A ƙarshe, burin shi ne ƙara bayyana kowanne kasuwanci da jawo sabbin abokan ciniki ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. Kamar yadda aka nuna a misalan da ke sama, ƙananan biyan kuɗi na iya sa sabbin tsare-tsaren talla su yiwu.

Dabarar talla da shirin ya kamata a daidaita su don haɗa da shirye-shiryen da suka shafi Bitcoin da aka amince da su, tare da bayyana manufofi da burin da aka sa a gaba.

Manufofi na iya haɗawa da:

• Kafa jagoranci a tunani kan Bitcoin a fannin fasaha da ya shafi kasuwanci
• Jawo sabbin abokan ciniki da kayayyaki da ayyuka masu daidaita da Bitcoin
• Ƙara wayar da kai game da alama a fannin Bitcoin

Shirin talla na iya haɗa da ayyuka kamar:

• Gina sabon shafin sauka na yanar gizo da ya mayar da hankali kan Bitcoin da/ko Lightning
• Haɗa saƙon Bitcoin a cikin kamfen ɗin talla da ake da su
• Kaddamar da kayayyaki ko ayyuka da suka shafi Bitcoin
• Ƙara yawan mabiya a kafafen sada zumunta da suka shafi abun cikin Bitcoin
• Ba da gudummawa ga manhajar buda-baki
• Amfani da damar streaming na sats don ƙarfafa kallon abun tallace-tallace ko na ilimi

4.4.5 Tsaro – ko akwai tasiri ga Gudanarwa, dokoki da buƙatun bin doka

Shin amfani da Bitcoin da sauran hanyoyin buda-baki na da tasiri ga yadda muke kallon haɗarin IT da bin doka?

Tsaro da bin doka suna da matukar muhimmanci ga nasarar Bitcoin, wanda ke dogara da hashing, lissafin lambobi da ɓoye-ɓoye. A matsayin sa na tsarin buda-tushen lamba, kowa na iya duba lambarsa da kuma bada gudummawa. Kamfanonin fasaha na da damar da za su iya bada gudummawa a wannan tsarin.

Dangane da hanyoyin da kamfani ya zaba ya mayar da hankali a kai, akwai wasu fannoni na tsaro da bin doka da za a iya la'akari da su, kamar dokokin mu'amalar kudi ko sirrin abokan ciniki.

4.4.6 Gudanar da hazaka – wadanne sabbin kwarewa za a bukata

Yawancin masu amfani da Bitcoin tun farko sun fito ne daga masana'antar fasaha, watakila saboda masu amfani da farko sun bukaci sanin fasaha sosai don fahimtar yadda Bitcoin ke samar da tsaro da karanci.

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a gabatarwa, wani karin magana ne cewa Bitcoin ya hada duk abin da ba ka fahimta game da kwamfuta da duk abin da ba ka fahimta game da kudi. Na biyun na iya bukatar karin ilimi a cikin gida, amma masana'antar fasaha a fili ta fi sauran bangarori dacewa wajen gano da samar da kwarewar da ake bukata. Dangane da takamaiman fannin da aka mayar da hankali a kai, ana iya bukatar gano sabbin kwarewar fasaha a fannin sadarwa, ɓoye-ɓoye ko lissafin lambobi a cikin kamfani.

Fahimtar fannoni na fasaha na Bitcoin ma ba ta yadu ba gaba daya, kuma kamfanonin fasaha na da damar taimakawa wajen ilmantar da kasuwa.

Don iya samar da ingantaccen ilimi da horo ga ci gaban cikin gida da tallafi da kuma ga kasuwa, dole ne a fahimci bangaren kudi na Bitcoin. Wannan na iya zama ba a cikin saukin kamfanonin da suka mayar da hankali kan fasaha ba, amma za a bukace shi don samar da ingantaccen ilimi da horo ga abokan ciniki masu yuwuwa kan dalilin muhimmancinsa da kuma dalilin da yasa sabbin kayayyaki da ayyukan da kamfani ke bayarwa ke da amfani.

4.4.7 Gudanar da abokan ciniki – shiga, fara amfani da kuma rike su

Babban manufar kowanne kamfani ita ce samar da sakamako mai kyau ga abokan cinikinsa da kuma juya hakan zuwa riba. Kamfanonin fasaha sau da yawa suna kafa 'Kungiyar Nasarar Abokin Ciniki' don mayar da hankali kan tafiyar da kowanne abokin ciniki daga farkon sanin kamfani har zuwa fifiko, fara amfani da kayayyaki da kuma kula da abokan ciniki, har ma da samun amincewa daga gare su.

Duk yadda ake gudanar da wannan aiki, yanzu dole ne a hada da Bitcoin. Wannan na iya hada da:

• Taron ilmantar da abokan ciniki game da Bitcoin
• Shiga daga abokan ciniki wajen ci gaban sabis
• Tallata sabbin ayyuka masu alaka da Bitcoin ga abokan ciniki na yanzu
• Gudanar da gamsuwar abokan ciniki dangane da sabbin ayyuka
• Tattara misalan amfani da shaidun abokan ciniki dangane da hanyoyin Bitcoin

Wannan zai bukaci sabbin kwarewa da kuma yiwuwar kafa sabbin hanyoyin aiki.

4.4.8 Kirkira

Bitcoin yana matakin farko na karbuwa da ci gaba, don haka yana kan hanya mai sauri da ake samun kirkira a sassa da dama na masana'antar. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci ga kowanne kamfanin fasaha ya kasance a gaba wajen bin sabbin kirkira don ci gaba da dacewa a masana'antar. Tunda masana'antar fasaha tuni tana canzawa da sauri, ya kamata al'adar kirkira ta ci gaba ta riga ta kasance, kuma Bitcoin ya kamata a hada shi a cikin wannan tsari.

4.4.9 Takaitawa

Intanet ta daga matsayin 'Sashen IT' zuwa manyan shugabanni ta hanyar mukamin CTO yayin da aka fahimta cewa IT ba 'kayan aiki kawai ba ne' amma yana sauya (ko kawar da) tsarin aiki. Bitcoin yana kara wannan gaba yayin da yake sauya bangaren kudi na kasuwanci. Kowanne babban/tsakiyar kamfani yanzu kamfani ne na software, kuma cikin shekaru 10-15, watakila kowanne kamfani zai zama kamfanin Bitcoin ma.

Kamfanonin fasaha na da damar fahimta da kuma amfana daga karbar Bitcoin. Wannan na iya kasancewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban dangane da irin kamfanin da kasuwar da ake niyya, amma zai bukaci fahimta da zuba jari a sassa da dama na kamfani don samun nasara.

4.5.0 Gabatarwa

Ina ganin Intanet zai zama daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin rage rawar da gwamnati ke takawa. Abinda kawai ake bukata, amma za a kirkiro shi nan ba da jimawa ba, shine amintaccen e-cash, wata hanya da za ka iya tura kudi daga A zuwa B a Intanet ba tare da A ya san B ko B ya san A ba. Kamar yadda zan iya daukar takardar kudi ₦20, in mika maka, sannan babu wani rikodi daga ina ta fito. Kana iya karbarta ba tare da sanin ko ni wanene ba.
Milton Friedman

Kamfanoni da mutane da dama sun kasa fahimtar muhimmancin intanet lokacin da aka fara kirkirarsa, kuma har yanzu wasu suna ci gaba da kasa gane irin sauyin da ya kawo wanda yanzu muka dauka a matsayin ruwan dare. Wadannan sauye-sauye sun canza fannoni da dama na rayuwarmu. Masu amfani da intanet a wancan lokacin - lokacin da aka furta wannan magana - suna fama da aika imel ta hanyar modem mai jinkiri, da wuya su iya hango cewa wata rana za su rika yawo da na'ura mai hannu da ke ba su damar shiga aikace-aikace iri-iri a kowane lokaci.

Fasahar girgije (Cloud) ta kawo irin wannan sauyi, tun daga lokacin da aka fara gabatar da ajiya na asali shekaru kadan kafin a kirkiri Bitcoin, inda a farko aka dauke ta a matsayin wani nau'in ajiya ne kawai a waje, amma daga baya ta zama babbar hanyar samar da ayyukan IT kuma tana ci gaba da bunkasa da sauri fiye da yadda mutane ke iya bi.

Abinda ke batawa intanet damar samar da sabon matakin daraja, kamar yadda Friedman ya lura tun da wuri, shine amintaccen kudin dijital da zai iya biyan kowane irin daraja da aka samar ta intanet, wanda Bitcoin ya kawo. Ya bunkasa ne a hankali, ba tare da kasafin talla ko manyan kamfanoni a bayansa ba, kuma yana da saurin karbuwa fiye da intanet har ya zama 'e-cash' da Friedman ya kira sako. Yana baiwa mutane da kamfanoni damar yin mu'amala da juna a duniya ba tare da bukatar izini ko tsarin gwamnati ba. Wannan zai bude sabon babi na kirkire-kirkire da hadin kai a duniya, kuma kamfanonin da suka fahimta kuma suka fara amfani da shi tun da wuri sune za su fi amfana.

4.5.1 Bitcoin ga masu ba da sabis na kwararru

Ayyukan kwararru yawanci suna nufin kasuwancin da ke ba da sabis da kwarewa maimakon kayayyakin da aka sarrafa. Idan kai daya ne daga cikinsu, wannan babi zai bayyana irin tasirin da wannan ci gaba zai iya yi wa wannan masana'antar, yadda samun kudin dijital mara dogaro da amana da ake iya amfani da shi a duniya zai iya canza yadda kake kasuwanci, da kuma irin sabis din da za a iya samarwa don cin gajiyar wannan ci gaba.

Me yasa a duba Bitcoin?

Bitcoin na iya bude sabbin hanyoyi ga sabis da ake da su, ya shafi yadda ake bukatar sabunta wasu sabis, kuma yana ba da damar gina sabbin sabis masu alaka da kwarewar da kake da ita da ilimin masana'antar ka.

Kara Bitcoin cikin tattaunawa da abokan ciniki na yanzu

A halin yanzu, bitcoin har yanzu yana fi shahara a tsakanin B2C. Kamfanin sabis na kwararru da ke da abokan ciniki kamar otal-otal ko sarkar gidajen abinci na iya ba da shawara ga wadannan abokan ciniki yadda za su hada biyan Bitcoin ga abokan cinikinsu.

Yayin da kasuwa ke kara girma, kara Bitcoin a matsayin hanyar biyan kudin sabis din su na iya tallata irin kwarewar da suke da ita a wannan fanni. Masu rike da Bitcoin suna da sha'awar neman kamfanonin da za su iya biyan su da Bitcoin.

Yadda Bitcoin zai iya shafi sabis na yanzu

Ga kungiyoyin sabis na kwararru, karuwar tattalin arzikin Bitcoin na iya bukatar karin hadin kai inda masu kaya, masu samarwa, masu amfani da ma abokan hamayya za su rika musayar bayanai da fahimta cikin gaskiya a cikin tsarin. Bitcoin yana da alaka da tsarin da yake aiki a ciki, yana daidaita filin wasa da raba iko da alhakin ga wadanda ke mu'amala a ciki. Misali, Nostr (Notes and other stuff transmitted by relay) sabon dandali ne na sada zumunta da ke ba da damar kai tsaye tsakanin al'umma don musayar bayanai da daraja ta amfani da Bitcoin.

Kamar yadda girgije ya ba da damar hadin kai a duniya da samar da damar amfani da albarkatun IT ga mutane da yawa, Bitcoin na iya ba da damar amfani da kudin gaskiya da budewa ga kowa a duniya. Kungiyoyin sabis na kwararru za su bukaci duba hanyoyin da suke bayarwa don la'akari da yadda wannan sauyi zai iya shafar yadda suke isar da sabis da kayayyaki ga abokan cinikinsu.

Sabbin sabis bisa tsarin Bitcoin

Baya ga shafar sabis na yanzu, Bitcoin da tsarin da ake ginawa a kansa na ba da damar kirkirar sabbin sabis a matsayin wata hanya ko sabuwar hanyar samun kudin shiga ga kamfanonin sabis na kwararru. Ga wasu misalai a kasa:

Lissafi

Asali

Duk da cewa bitcoin ba kasafai ake rike shi a matsayin kudi a cikin asusun kamfanoni ba, fahimta mai zurfi game da bitcoin na iya taimakawa wajen bayyana dalilin da yasa manyan kamfanoni masu sayar da hannun jari suka fara rungumarsa a 'yan shekarun nan. Wasu daga cikin halayen bitcoin, kamar iyakar adadi na tokens miliyan 21 da kuma karancin da za a iya tabbatarwa a cikin blockchain na jama'a, na iya sa ya zama ajiyar daraja mai jan hankali. Wannan bangare mai muhimmanci na jari na iya zama kariya mai amfani daga karuwar gibin kasafin kudi, raguwar darajar kudi, da hadarin siyasa. Yayin da masu kula da kudin kamfanoni ke fuskantar sabbin kalubalen tattalin arziki, halayen bitcoin na musamman sun zama taimako.

A al'ada, asusun kamfanoni suna tafiyar da kudi cikin tsanaki ta hanyar zuba yawancin jarin su a cikin kadarorin da ake dauka a matsayin masu karancin hadari (misali, ajiya a banki, asusun kasuwa, takardun gwamnati, takardun kasuwanci, da yarjejeniyar saye da sayarwa). Sai dai, rashin tabbas a tattalin arziki ciki har da hauhawar farashi, ribar banki, da karuwar hadarin siyasa na iya sa kamfanoni su sake tunanin ingancin irin wadannan dabaru.

Mai nazarin zuba jari kuma marubuci Lyn Alden ta bayyana nau'ikan hauhawar farashi guda uku: hauhawar kudi, hauhawar kadarori, da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki (CPI). Hauhawar kudi (karuwar yawan kudin da ke yawo kamar yadda M2 ke aunawa) ba lallai ba ne amma yana gabatar da hauhawar kadarori (karuwar farashi da kimar kadarorin da za a iya zuba jari a ciki) da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki (karuwar farashin kayayyakin da ba na kudi ba da sabis).

Dangane da irin kasuwancin, kamfanoni na iya fuskantar tasirin hauhawar farashin kadarori da na kayayyaki. Misali, hauhawar farashin kadarori na iya sa darajar kadarorin da kamfani ke son zuba jari ko saya ta karu, sannan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki na iya sa kudin ajiya ya karu idan aka kwatanta da ikon sayen kudi.

Dalilin da yasa masu kula da kudin kamfanoni za su iya duba zuba jari a Bitcoin

Kamfanonin sabis na kwararru ya kamata su lura da yawan kamfanonin da ke kara Bitcoin a cikin asusun su, da dalilin da yasa, misali MicroStrategy da Metaplanet. Fahimtar amfanin amfani da asusun kamfani a matsayin hanyar kara darajar hannun jari na kara daraja ga shawarwarin da kamfanin sabis na kwararru zai iya ba abokan cinikinsa.

Dokoki

Akwai ci gaba da dama a fannin dokoki a duniya game da kadarorin dijital wanda ya kara wa masu zuba jari kwarin gwiwa a Bitcoin a matsayin jari. Tare da karuwar bayanan kasuwa da tarihin farashi, dokokin da ke goyon bayan kadarorin dijital kamar tsarin doka na Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) na Tarayyar Turai (E.U.), da amincewar SEC na Amurka ga kasuwar musayar Bitcoin a watan Janairu 2024 sun ba masu zuba jari da kamfanoni kwarin gwiwa da fahimta da suke nema.

Sauyin Dokar Lissafin FASB

A watan Disamba 2023, Hukumar Kula da Ka'idojin Lissafi ta Amurka (FASB) ta sabunta ka'idojinta kan yadda kamfanoni za su lissafa da bayyana Bitcoin da sauran kadarorin dijital a cikin asusun kamfanoninsu. Wadannan sabbin dokoki sun amfanar da kamfanonin da ke rike da Bitcoin ta hanyar ba su damar amfani da lissafin darajar kasuwa, wanda yanzu ya ba kamfanoni damar nuna karin darajar kadarori idan sun tashi a kasuwa. A da, kamfanoni suna iya nuna ragin darajar kadarorin dijital kawai. Sabbin ka'idojin na iya ba da cikakken hoto game da bayanan kudi da lafiyar kudi ta kamfani ta hanyar nuna ainihin darajar Bitcoin da ake rike da shi.

Ayyukan Farashin Bitcoin Tsawon Lokaci

A matsayin gwaji na tunani, ka yi la'akari da yadda asusun kamfani na S&P 500 zai kasance idan sun zuba kashi 1% na asusun su a Bitcoin cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Idan aka dauki matsakaicin asusun kamfani na ₦10 biliyan, ka yi la'akari da idan aka zuba kashi 1% (₦100 miliyan) a Bitcoin a watan Yuni 2019 a farashin ₦10,000. Duk da faduwar farashi da canje-canje, matsayin Bitcoin zai dawo da karfi kuma ya kai kusan ₦700 miliyan zuwa Yuni 2024. Duk da cewa kamfanin na iya fuskantar canje-canje na gajeren lokaci, aikin kudi na dogon lokaci zai inganta sosai, musamman a lokacin hauhawar farashi da ya biyo bayan barkewar annobar COVID-19.

Dama

Yanayin tattalin arziki na yanzu da ke cike da rashin tabbas da hauhawar farashi na sa masu kula da kudin kamfanoni masu hangen nesa su duba yiwuwar kara Bitcoin a cikin asusun su. Jerin kamfanonin da suka zuba jari a Bitcoin kamar Block Inc., MicroStrategy, Stone Ridge Holdings Group, da sauransu na nuna wata alama da za ta iya ci gaba da karuwa yayin da kamfanoni ke la'akari da hadarin raguwar kudi saboda hauhawar ribar banki da kuma yiwuwar rasa ikon sayen kudi saboda tallafin kudi da na tattalin arzikin bankin kasa.

Kamfanonin da suka zabi zuba jari a Bitcoin na iya amfana da karuwar darajar Bitcoin a tsawon lokaci, kuma masu lissafi da suka fahimci amfanin wannan hanya za su amfana.

Ayyukan kudi

Asali

Hadin kai tsakanin ayyukan kudi da fasaha ya haifar da rashin tabbas, inda sabbin abubuwa kamar fasahar biyan kudi kai tsaye ke kawo sauyi a tsarin aiki da tsarin kasuwanci.

Duk da cewa wadannan sabbin abubuwa na kawo mafita masu mayar da hankali kan abokin ciniki da rage kudin aiki, suna kuma kara matsin lamba ga cibiyoyin kudi su zama masu saurin amsawa da sauyawa.

Masana'antar fasahar kudi (Fintech) ta kunshi kamfanoni masu yawa da ke amfani da fasaha don samar da sabbin ayyuka kamar biyan kudi ta yanar gizo, aikace-aikacen hannu, sau da yawa suna aiki da kudin gargajiya da tsarin biyan kudi.

Kudaden crypto suna amfani da blockchain da fasahar boye-boye don samar da kudin dijital na daban, wadanda aka tsara don samar da gaskiya, tsaro da mu'amala ba tare da iyaka ba. Wannan kasuwa ta bunkasa tsawon shekaru zuwa hanyoyi daban-daban kuma shine tushen kudaden dijital na bankin kasa (CBDCs) da gwamnatoci ke kirkira a duniya. Wannan ya janyo rudani a kasuwa inda hanyoyi daban-daban ke neman hankalin kasuwanci da gwamnati. Babu daya daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin da ke samar da fa'idar kudi mai zaman kansa, budewa da ba tare da izini ba kamar Bitcoin.

Dama

• Canja kudin kasashen waje a duniya: Hanyoyin kudi na yanzu da ake amfani da su wajen tura kudi a duniya suna da tsada, suna da wahala kuma suna tafiya a hankali, kuma ba kowa ne zai iya amfani da su ba. Wannan yana bude damar samar da hanyoyin tura kudi masu rahusa, bayyane da ingantattu tsakanin kowanne bangare biyu a duniya. Wannan na iya kasancewa bisa Dalar Amurka ta hanyar hanyoyin kamar USDT (Tether), ko kuma amfani da bitcoin kai tsaye ta hanyar Lightning Network.
• Hidimomin ba da shawara: Karɓar Bitcoin a matsayin mafi kyawun mafita don biyan bukatun abokan ciniki – fahimtar ingantattun halayen Bitcoin a matsayin ajiyar kudi da kuma tsarin da ake ginawa a kansa – yana ba da damar samar da hidimar ba da shawara ga abokan ciniki kan yadda za su amfana da amfani da bitcoin, da kuma kwatanta shi da sauran hanyoyin.

Hidimar duba lissafi da tabbatarwa

Asali

Fasahar blockchain na da damar shafar dukkan hanyoyin adana bayanai, ciki har da yadda ake fara, sarrafa, amincewa, rubuta da kuma bada rahoton mu'amaloli. Wannan na iya shafar ayyuka kamar rahoton kudi da rahoton haraji. Masu duba lissafi za su bukaci fahimtar fasahar da ake amfani da ita wajen kirkira da tabbatar da mu'amalolin Bitcoin da yadda ake adana su a cikin littafin blockchain idan aka kwatanta da tsoffin littattafan lissafi.

Ko da yake wannan darasin bai shafi wannan ba, akwai wasu hanyoyin daban da aka gina bisa ra'ayin blockchain, kamar CBDCs, ‘stablecoins’ da sauran hanyoyin da suka shafi kwangilar fasaha. Fahimtar wadannan hanyoyin da kuma tasirin da za su iya yi idan abokin ciniki ya zabi amfani da su zai bukaci fahimtar yadda suke aiki. Wannan kwarewar za ta zama dole wajen amsa tambayoyi kamar ko suna da tsarin raba iko da bayyane ko kuma ‘permissioned’ ne da wasu ke sarrafawa, misali a tsarin kula da sarkar kayayyaki. Wannan zai shafi irin hanyoyin tabbatarwa da ake bukata don samun ingantaccen bincike.

• Kwangilolin fasaha: Kwangilolin fasaha hanya ce ta sarrafa kwangila ta atomatik da kuma sa ido da tabbatar da cika alkawarin kwangila ba tare da shiga hannun mutane da yawa ba. Sarrafa kansa na iya inganta aiki, rage lokacin biyan kudi da kurakuran aiki. Saboda amfani da fasahar kwangilar fasaha yana bukatar fassara dukkan sharuddan kwangila zuwa lissafi, hakan na iya inganta bin doka ta hanyar rage rashin fahimta a wasu lokuta. Sai dai kuma, hakan na iya bukatar ilimin fasaha wanda kungiyar ba ta da shi a yanzu. Ana iya bukatar mai duba lissafi na CPA don tabbatar da hadin gwiwa tsakanin kwangilolin fasaha da bayanan waje da ke tayar da abubuwan kasuwanci. Ba tare da tantancewa mai zaman kansa ba, masu amfani za su iya fuskantar hadarin kurakurai ko matsaloli da ba a gano ba.
• Rahoton ESG: Shiga harkar bitcoin na iya ba kamfanoni damar samun fa'ida a rahoton ESG dinsu, wanda yanzu ya zama dole kuma babban bangare ne na rahoton da dokoki ke bukata. Takardar KPMG da aka rubuta a 2022 ta bayyana yadda hakar Bitcoin ke karfafa amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, daidaita tsarin wutar lantarki ta amfani da hanyoyin makamashi masu sauyawa, rage fitar da methane da kuma taimakawa wajen sake amfani da zafin da cibiyoyin bayanai ke fitarwa.

Damarori

Don daukar sabon matsayi, mai duba lissafi na iya bukatar sabbin kwarewa:

• Fahimtar harsunan shirye-shiryen kwamfuta na fasaha
• Ingantattun hanyoyin tattara bayanai daga Bitcoin blockchain don amfani da su wajen duba lissafi
• Bambance-bambancen aiwatarwa tsakanin hanyoyi da tasirin da hakan ke da shi ga amincewa da mallakar tsarin
• Duba kwangilar fasaha don tabbatar da bin doka da dokokin waje
• Sasantawa kan rigingimu a kwangilolin fasaha bisa kowanne tsarin doka da ya dace
• Fahimtar tasirin ESG na amfani da bitcoin

Masu ba da shawara kan kudi

Asali

Baya ga rike kadarorin dijital kai tsaye, mutane masu kudi da ofisoshin iyalai da dama suna ware wani kaso na sabbin jarinsu zuwa asusun da ke zuba jari a wasu kadarorin dijital ko ayyukan kadarorin dijital. Yayin da sabbin bitcoin spot ETFs ke ba da damar rike jarin da ke bin diddigin farashin bitcoin ba tare da hadarin rike kadarar kai tsaye ba, hanya mafi aminci don kare darajar dogon lokaci ita ce koyon yadda za a rike kadarar kai tsaye.

Abin farin ciki, alama ce cewa masu tsara dokoki sun amince da cewa kadarorin dijital kamar bitcoin za su ci gaba da kasancewa, don haka, maimakon tunanin ko a haramta su ko a'a, yanzu suna mai da hankali ne kan daidaita ci gaban masana'antar da kare masu zuba jari. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a samu cikakkiyar shawara ta gida da ta duniya kan yadda dokokin kasashe daban-daban ke kallon zuba jari a kadarorin dijital da yadda tsarin dokokin ke shafar juna.

Kasashe daban-daban suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na kallon kadarorin dijital da ribar da ake samu daga gare su wajen haraji. Dole ne a bi irin tsarin nazarin doka da aka bayyana a sama wajen haraji, tare da samun shawarar kwararru na haraji na gida da kuma fahimta ta duniya gaba daya.

Damuwa game da tsaron bayanai na bukatar aiwatar da ingantattun matakan tsaron yanar gizo don tabbatar da cewa kadarorin kudi da bayanan mutum sun samu kariya yadda ya kamata.

Yawancin ofisoshin iyalai suna amfani da kwararren mai ajiya na cryptocurrency na waje don rike kudin su da mabuɗan sirri. Mai ba da sabis ya kamata ya tanadi tsarin tsaro mafi karfi da ake da shi a yanzu, ya bukaci matakai da dama na tantancewa daga ma'aikata daban-daban kafin a aiwatar da kowanne ciniki, kuma ya kasance da inshora da ke rufe asarar kadarar idan aka samu zamba ko harin yanar gizo.

Damarori

Masu ba da shawara ga ofisoshin iyalai da masu kudi za su iya bayar da nau'ikan hidimomi bisa wannan yanayin kasuwa:

• Gudanar da tsaron kadarorin dijital
• Shawara kan tsaron yanar gizo
• Shawara kan adana Bitcoin cikin tsaro
• Tasirin haraji
• Bitcoin a matsayin wani bangare na tsarin kula da jarin gaba daya
• Kirkirar sabbin dokoki da ka'idojin bin doka, kamar bukin sanya hannu don tura kudi

Shawara kan tallatawa

Asali

Akwai kamfanonin hidimomin kwararru da dama da ke mayar da hankali kan samar da hidimomin tallatawa, daga taimakawa abokan ciniki wajen tsara dabarar kasuwa da kirkirar abun ciki, zuwa gina shafukan yanar gizo da jawo zirga-zirga zuwa gare su.

Duk wata dabarar tallatawa ta yanar gizo ya kamata ta hada da shiri na amfani da hanyoyin yanar gizo don kafa suna a intanet da cimma wasu manufofin tallatawa. A karshe, burin shine kara bayyana kasuwanci da jawo sabbin abokan ciniki ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban.

Misali daya na sabon hanya da ke da alaka da Bitcoin shine Nostr. Kamar Bitcoin, wannan dandali ne na buda-tushen da ba shi da iko guda daya inda mai amfani ke da ikon mallakar bayanansa ta amfani da mabuɗin sirri. Tsarin Nostr da ba ya yarda da tsoma baki yana tabbatar da cewa sadarwar kasuwanci, sakonnin talla, da hulda da abokan ciniki ba su fuskantar tsangwama daga waje. Wannan na da matukar amfani ga kasuwancin da ke aiki a masana'antu masu tsauraran dokoki ko inda 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki ke da muhimmanci. Haka kuma, amfani da mabuɗin sirri guda daya don shiga aikace-aikace da dama yana saukaka gudanar da asusu, yana ba da kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar iya sauya tsakanin aikace-aikace daban-daban cikin sauki. Hada kai da Bitcoin da Lightning na ba da damar mu'amaloli na duniya da karamin biyan kudi – wata fasalin Lightning da ke bude sabbin hanyoyin tallatawa.

Damarori

Taimakawa abokan ciniki da tallatawa na iya hada da shirye-shirye kamar:

• Kafa matsayin jagora a fannin Bitcoin a bangaren fasahar da ke da alaka da kasuwanci
• Jawo sabbin abokan ciniki da kayayyaki da hidimomi masu alaka da Bitcoin
• Kara wayar da kai game da alama a fannin Bitcoin

Shirin tallatawa na iya hada da shirye-shirye kamar:

• Gina sabon shafin sauka na yanar gizo da ya mayar da hankali kan Bitcoin da/ko Lightning
• Hada sakonnin Bitcoin cikin yakin tallatawa da ake yi yanzu
• Gudanar da kaddamar da kayayyaki ko hidimomi da suka shafi Bitcoin
• Kara yawan mabiya a kafafen sada zumunta da suka shafi Bitcoin da kuma duba amfani da sabbin dandali kamar Nostr
• Ba da gudummawa ga software mai buda-tushen

Gina zurfin sani a waɗannan fannoni zai buɗe sabbin nau'ikan ayyukan talla da za a iya haɓakawa da sayarwa ga abokan ciniki na yanzu ko sabbi.

Ayyuka da aka nufa ga Sashen Ƙananan Masana'antu

Fa'idodi ga Ƙananan Masana'antu:

• Kariya daga hauhawar farashi
• Samun damar kasuwannin duniya
• Ƙananan kuɗin mu'amala
• Sasantawa kusan nan take
• Ƙarin tsaro
• Yancin kuɗi
• Tsayayya da takura

Ga kasuwancin ayyukan ƙwararru, akwai fa'idodi da dama da shigar Bitcoin zai iya kawowa wa sashen ƙananan masana'antu, kuma za a iya tsara ayyuka don biyan kowanne daga cikin waɗannan:

• Samun kasuwa: al'ummar Bitcoin ta yanar gizo za su iya tafiya nesa kuma su bincika a yanar gizo don siye daga kamfanonin da suka rungumi Bitcoin. Wannan na iya buɗe sabbin abokan ciniki ga ƙaramar kamfani.
• Karɓar Bitcoin a matsayin biyan kuɗi na iya sa a sasantawa cikin sauri tare da ƙananan kuɗi fiye da hanyoyin biyan kuɗi na gargajiya.
• Bitcoin na iya ƙara tsaro ga mu'amaloli na yanar gizo saboda fasalulluka na fasahar da ke ƙasa da shi, da kuma rashin dogaro da tsarin banki na gargajiya, wanda ke sa ya zama mai tsayayya da takura.
• Ajiye wasu ko duk Bitcoin da aka karɓa a cikin walat mai tsaro na iya taimakawa wajen kare dukiya, musamman a ƙasashe da kudin fiat ke raguwa da sauri, wanda ke sa ya zama damar zuba jari na dogon lokaci mai kyau.

Dama

Tunda ƙananan kamfanoni galibi suna dogara da kamfanonin ayyuka kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da manyan kamfanoni, idan ƙungiyar ayyukan ƙwararru na niyya wannan kasuwa, zai fi amfani su iya ba da shawara a kan dukkan fannoni na shigar Bitcoin.

Kiwon lafiya

Kasancewa gaba da inda masana'antu ke nufa zai ba da damar kamfanonin ayyukan ƙwararru a wannan fanni su ci gaba da kawo ƙima ga abokan cinikinsu. Misalai biyu a kiwon lafiya na iya nuna yadda kirkira bisa Bitcoin ke iya kawo sauyi a wani fanni ta hanyar warware matsaloli na gaske a kasuwa.

Gudanar da bayanai cikin tsaro – misali Nostr 

Mallaka da raba bayanan marasa lafiya cikin tsaro na daga cikin manyan damuwa, tare da ƙa'idoji kamar HIPAA a Amurka da aka kafa don tabbatar da cewa bayanan na da isasshen kariya.

Masana'antar kiwon lafiya na iya amfana sosai daga tsarin Nostr mai zaman kansa da tsaro. Kamar yadda aka nuna a wani sabon gwaji a El Salvador, tsarin SALUD da aka gina bisa Nostr na da nufin sauya yadda ake gudanar da bayanan marasa lafiya da raba su. Ta hanyar ba da damar rarraba bayanan lafiya, Nostr na tabbatar da cewa marasa lafiya suna da ikon mallakar bayanan lafiyarsu yayin da masu ba da kulawa za su iya samun sahihan bayanai da ba a iya canzawa ba idan an buƙata.

Wannan hanyar na magance manyan damuwa da ke tattare da tsarin gudanar da bayanan kiwon lafiya na yanzu, inda bayanan marasa lafiya galibi ke hannun cibiyoyi masu iko da za su iya samun riba ko amfani da bayanan ba daidai ba. Tare da Nostr, haɗarin satar bayanai ko samun damar da ba a yarda ba ya ragu, kuma marasa lafiya za su iya ƙin raba bayanansu idan suna so ba tare da rasa iko da bayanansu ba.

Misali na biyu na yadda za a iya haɗa Bitcoin cikin sabbin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya shine CrowdHealth. Sun ƙirƙiri dandali da ke amfani da fa'idodin Bitcoin na kuɗi da sasantawa ta hanyar haɗa shi da walat na Lightning don yin da karɓar biyan kuɗi. Waɗannan biyan kuɗin mallakar masu bayarwa ne, waɗanda za su iya neman taimakon al'umma idan sun fuskanci babban kuɗin magani.

Waɗannan misalai ne na yadda tsarin Bitcoin ke ci gaba da kawo sauyi a wani fanni na masana'antu, kuma akwai ƙarin misalai a wasu fannoni. Ƙungiyoyin ayyukan ƙwararru da suka mayar da hankali kan wani fanni na iya amfana ta taimakawa wannan fanni wajen rungumar irin waɗannan mafita, ko kuma su zama masu kirkira da ke kawo irin waɗannan mafita zuwa sabbin fannoni yayin da kasuwa ke ci gaba.

4.5.3 Gina tsarin Bitcoin

Bitcoin ita ce kuma ta kasance jagorar blockchain, amma mayar da hankali a mataki na farko kan tsaro da zaman kansa ya bar gibi ga wasu damar a kasuwa, wanda wasu mafita bisa blockchain suka fito don cike. Saboda dalilai daban-daban, waɗannan ba su samu nasara sosai ba tsawon shekaru, kuma tsarin Bitcoin yanzu ya girma har ya kai matakin da za a iya gina irin waɗannan sabbin damar a kai ba tare da shafar fasahar asali ta mataki na farko ba.

Bugu da ƙari, masu amfani da Bitcoin da dama masu riƙe da ita na dogon lokaci ne, suna kallonta a matsayin ajiyar ƙima ko zinariya ta dijital. Masu ra'ayin Bitcoin kawai babbar ƙungiya ce a cikin wannan al'umma waɗanda ke ganin ita ce kaɗai kudin dijital da zai dawwama. Suna jaddada cewa zaman kanta, tsaro, da kasancewarta ta farko a kasuwa sun sa ta fi sauran kudaden dijital, suna bambanta su da sauran blockchain.

Hakanan akwai babbar ƙima mai yawa da masu riƙe da Bitcoin ke ajiye a cikin hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin, don haka haɓaka tsarin Bitcoin ba zai zama na jawo sabbin masu amfani ba. Maimakon haka, ayyuka za su buƙaci amfani da dimbin masu amfani, masu haɓakawa, da jari da ke cikin hanyar sadarwa. Wannan yana haifar da dama da dama don faɗaɗa tsarin Bitcoin wanda za a iya gina ayyukan ƙwararru a kai:

1. Ƙara damar aiki:Tuni akwai wasu hanyoyin ƙara damar aiki a hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin, kamar Lightning Network. Duk da haka, wasu ma ana gina su don magance matsaloli daban-daban. Misali, don samar da cikakkun hanyoyin ƙara damar aiki masu tsaro, zaman kansu da inganci don kwangiloli masu wayo.
2. Sauƙaƙa kwangiloli masu wayo:Ka yi tunanin kwangila da ke aiki da kanta kai tsaye, ba tare da lauyoyi ko masu shiga tsakani ba. Wannan shi ne abin da kwangilolin Bitcoin masu wayo ke yi. Kwangilolin Bitcoin masu wayo kwangiloli ne da ke aiwatar da kansu da sharuɗɗan yarjejeniya da aka rubuta kai tsaye cikin lambar dijital. Suna aiwatar da kwangilar kai tsaye idan an cika sharuɗɗan da aka tsara, ba tare da buƙatar masu shiga tsakani ba.
3. Ƙarfafa haɗin kai:Gina gadoji da haɗin kai da ke ba da damar mu'amala ba tare da tangarda ba tsakanin Bitcoin da sauran blockchain. Wannan zai ba masu amfani damar motsa kadarori tsakanin sarkoki cikin sauƙi da amfani da mafi kyawun fasalulluka na kowanne. Misali shine USDT – kudin dijital mai ɗorewa da za a iya canjawa tsakanin blockchain daban-daban inda masu amfani za su zaɓi mafi ƙarancin farashi. Ba da damar USDT da ke kan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan blockchain ɗin a canja zuwa Lightning da Bitcoin zai ba da damar haɗin kai da kuma motsa ƙima zuwa hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin mai tsaro.
4. Haɗa ƙwarewar mai amfani mai sauƙi:Yayin da tsarin ke girma, akwai buƙatar kayan aiki da ke sauƙaƙa ci gaba da ƙaddamar da ayyuka ga masu haɓakawa. Wannan ya haɗa da walat mafi kyau, tsarin ci gaba, da kayan aikin gyara. Bayan haka, sauƙin amfani yana da muhimmanci ga masu amfani da ba su da ƙwarewar fasaha sosai don su iya shiga da yin hulɗa da tsarin.
5. Ilimi da Gina Al'umma:Al'umma mai ƙarfi ita ce ginshiƙin kowane aikin blockchain mai nasara. Zuba jari a ilimi, tarurruka, da ayyukan da al'umma ke jagoranta na iya taimakawa masu amfani su gano, masu haɓakawa su gina, da masu zuba jari su haɗu.

Dama

Wannan na buɗe dama da dama na ayyuka da za a iya ƙirƙira don kasuwa don ba da shawara ga masu amfani da sauran kasuwanni game da tsarin Bitcoin, wanda tuni ke faruwa a duniya:

• Shawara
• Ilimi
• Sayi, ajiye da sayar da Bitcoin

4.5.4 Makoma

Me zai iya faruwa a gaba?

Sashen da ya gabata ya kawo misalai da dama na irin ayyukan da ake bayarwa a kasuwa a yau, amma wane irin mafita ne za su iya bayyana a gaba da kamfanoni za su iya gina ayyukan ƙwararru a kai don ba da shawara, nazari, ƙira da aiwatarwa don biyan buƙatun abokan ciniki masu canzawa?

Zaɓen lantarki

Misali ɗaya na aikace-aikacen da za a iya gina a kan Bitcoin shine tabbatar da tsaron zaɓen gwamnati.

• Halin da ake ciki yanzu da kalubale: Zaɓuɓɓukan dimokuraɗiyya an tsara su ne don tabbatar da cewa ana mika iko bisa sakamakon zaɓe, kuma gwamnatin da aka zaɓa tana wakiltar ra'ayin jama'a. Wannan yana buƙatar cewa masu zaɓe da suka cancanta su sami damar shiga cikin tsarin ba tare da tsoratarwa ba, a ƙirga dukkan ƙuri'u yadda ya kamata, babu yiwuwar ƙirƙirar ƙuri'u na bogi, kuma sakamakon ya kasance a fili. A fadin duniya, ana yawan ganin zaɓuɓɓuka ba sa cika wannan buri, tare da
• Shawarwari da ake da su: Gwamnatoci sun gwada hanyoyi daban-daban don tabbatar da adalcin tsarin zaɓe, kamar buƙatar katin shaida na mai zaɓe, ko ƙirga ƙuri'u ta hanyar amfani da takarda, amma har yanzu akwai ƙalubale. Gwamnatoci kamar Tarayyar Turai suna 'bincike' hanyoyin amfani da wasu blockchain da ka'idoji don cimma burin samun tsarin zaɓe na lantarki mai gaskiya da ba za a iya canzawa ba. Duk da haka, wannan har yanzu yana buƙatar dogaro da wanda ke ƙirƙira da gudanar da tsarin, kuma za a haɓaka shi bisa jadawalin gwamnati.
• An riga an ƙirƙiri wasu hanyoyin da ke amfani da Bitcoin waɗanda ke amfani da damar buda-tushen sa don samar da hanyar gudanar da zaɓe mai gaskiya da ba za a iya canzawa ba.

Guatemala

• Godiyar OpenTimestamps, wani kayan aiki da mai haɓaka bitcoin Peter Todd ya ƙirƙira shekaru da suka wuce, kamfanin fasaha na Guatemala mai suna Simple Proof yana iya kare muhimman takardu game da zaɓen shugaban ƙasa daga magudi da canzawa. Kayan aikin Todd, wanda ke amfani da hash functions da bitcoin blockchain, yana iya sanya lokaci a bayanai kuma ya sauƙaƙa gano yunkurin magudi ko canji.

Ka'idar zaɓe ta lantarki mai buda-tushen da ba ta da cibiyar: HodlParman – mai goyon bayan Bitcoin – kwanan nan ya sanar da cewa:

• 'Na dade ina aiki kan wata ka'idar zaɓe ta lantarki da ba ta da cibiyar, wacce gaba ɗaya take tsakanin mutane, tana kawar da yiwuwar magudin zaɓe ko ƙuri'u biyu, tana ɓoye ƙuri'u, kuma kowa na iya tabbatar da ita. Tana amfani da Nostr relays, da agogon Bitcoin, KUMA BA TA buƙatar blockchain ko token ba.'

Kamar yadda muke gani, akwai hanyar 'al'ada' don warware matsalar da aka sani, a wannan yanayin amintaccen zaɓe, wanda har yanzu ana ci gaba da haɓakawa kuma ba lallai ne ya magance duk matsalolin ba, da kuma sabon hanya bisa tsarin Bitcoin da aka riga aka haɓaka kuma yana nan wanda zai iya magance su. Fahimtar irin waɗannan hanyoyin da yadda za a iya amfani da su wajen samar da ayyuka ga kasuwa, ciki har da gwamnati, zai iya samar da sabbin hanyoyin samun kuɗi.

Ladabtar Sats

Damar aika ƙaramin adadin bitcoin a matsayin biyan kuɗi ba tare da kusan wani kuɗi ba yana buɗe sabbin hanyoyi ga kamfanoni su bincika, inda kamfanin da ke mai da hankali kan Bitcoin zai iya ba da shawarwari kamar:

• Amfani da dandamali kamar Microstrategy don lada ga ma'aikata
• Dandamalin podcast masu goyon bayan Bitcoin kamar Fountain, lada ga halartar kai tsaye ta amfani da NOSTR da zap streaming
• Biya wa mutane don cike tambayoyi don ƙarfafa shiga

Takaitawa

Masana'antar ayyukan ƙwararru tana da fadi sosai, tana rufe kamfanoni masu girma da ƙanƙanta, da kuma bambancin mayar da hankali da isarwa. Duk da abin da aka fi mayar da hankali akai, waɗannan misalan sun nuna cewa Bitcoin da tsarin da ke tattare da shi na da damar sauya wannan masana'antar sosai, ta hanyar sauya yadda ake isar da ayyuka da buɗe sabbin damar. Ƙungiyoyin ayyukan ƙwararru da suka ɗauki lokaci su fahimci waɗannan sauye-sauye tun da wuri za su iya samun gaba.

Manazarta

1. https://kpmg.com/us/en/articles/2023/bitcoin-role-esg-imperative.html
2. https://medium.com/@primalcapital/growing-the-bitcoin-ecosystem-afb424e0ff0f
3. https://www.fidelitydigitalassets.com/research-and-insights/adding-bitcoin-corporate-treasury
4. https://www.pathcheck.org/en/blog/notes-and-other-stuff-over-relays-nostr-for-health

Wasu misalan kamfanoni da ke ba da ayyukan Bitcoin:

• River
• Swan
• CoinCorner
• Strike
• Relai
• Musqet

Banda jin ƙai, kuɗi ne ke motsa duk wani aikin ɗan adam da aka yi da son rai. Bitcoin kuɗi ne mai adalci, na duniya baki ɗaya, mai ƙa'idoji amma babu masu mulki. Idan ba za a iya tilasta masa ba, kuma bai gaza ba, tasirin sa a fannin siyasa da ƙasashen duniya ba shi da tamka.
James Dewar

4.6.0 Gabatarwa

Da zarar sabon fasaha ya shige ka, idan ba ka cikin masu tura shi gaba, to kai ne hanyar da yake bi.
Stewart Brand

Manufar wannan babi ita ce a jawo hankalin gwamnatoci, hukumomin gwamnati, da ma'aikatan gwamnati cewa yin watsi da Bitcoin kamar saka kai cikin yashi ne kana fatan ko dai za a iya tilasta masa ko kuma zai gaza. Idan babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan sakamakon, to zai canza tsarin lada na duk wani aikin ɗan adam a gaba sosai. Mutanen da ke zaune a cikin yankunan ƙasashen da gwamnatinsu suka fara fahimta da aiwatar da manufofi masu dacewa za su iya samun babbar riba.

Zai iya yiwuwa Bitcoin za a iya tilasta masa ko kuma zai gaza, amma sai dai idan gwamnati ta koyi game da fasahar sannan ta kai ga wannan ƙarshe ta hanyar ilimi ba tare da son zuciya ba, suna ɗaukar babban haɗari, wanda sakamakon hakan zai faɗo kan 'yan ƙasa da suke wakilta. Bayan karanta wannan babi, yin watsi da hakan zai zama babbar sakaci da rashin cika aiki daga gwamnatocin yau, hukumominsu da ma'aikatansu. Idan ba ka so ɗaukar wannan alhaki, daina karantawa yanzu, ka yi murabus.

Ana iya fassara gwamnati a matsayin ƙungiyoyin da ke da iko ko kuma ke ƙoƙarin samun ikon amfani da ƙarfi a cikin yankinsu. Wannan tsari an samar da shi ne don kare kai daga barazanar waje, da kuma tabbatar da tsari a cikin gida. Yayin da al'umma da tattalin arziki suka ci gaba, gwamnatoci sun ƙara faɗaɗa rawar da suke takawa a cikin gida. Ɗaya daga cikin rawar da ta bayyana, a hankali a farko, tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, ita ce ikon sarrafa kuɗi ta hanyar babban banki. Manufar wannan babi ba wai ta nuna amfanin ko rashin amfanin babban banki da ikon gwamnati akan kuɗi ba ce, sai dai don haskaka cewa watakila ba zai yiwu a ci gaba da wannan iko a nan gaba ba. Duk wanda ya fahimci mahimmancin ikon kuɗi wajen amfani da sauran iko zai gane cewa rasa wannan iko zai zama babban ƙarfafawa wajen rarraba iko a cikin ƙasa.

Tarihi ya koya mana cewa banda yaƙi ko annoba, manyan canje-canje a al'umma galibi fasaha ce ke haifar da su fiye da doka, domin irin wannan canji ba kasafai ake nema a gaba ba daga mutane ko shugabanninsu. Hakika, ko da an nemi irin wannan canji, doka ba ta da ikon gano ko ƙirƙirar fasaha.

Yawancin ikon da ƙasashe suka samu a ƙarni na baya ta hanyar karɓar iko akan kuɗi (abin da bai taɓa faruwa a tarihi ba) watakila dole ne su saki wani ɓangare. Wannan ba barazana ba ce ga mutane, amma zai iya zama barazana ga tsarin gwamnati da cibiyoyi. Shugabannin cibiyoyinmu suna bukatar su koyi game da Bitcoin da tasirinsa domin su fahimci yadda hakan zai shafi yankin da mutanen da ke ƙirƙirar ƙasarsu a yanzu.

Ta wannan hanya ne kaɗai za su iya zaɓar manufofi da za su inganta makomar yankinsu da mutanensa. Ilimi da tawali'u za su zama dole don inganta yanke shawara. Ba za a iya ɓoye kai daga wannan ba, canje-canje za su zo mana ko da mun so ko ba mu so, kuma za a iya samun sakamako mafi kyau idan an hango su tun da wuri. Ka'idar wasa da ke faruwa na iya nufin ka runguma da wuri ko kuma ka rasa.

Wannan gwaji ne ga 'yan siyasa da shugabannin cibiyoyinmu na yanzu. Shin burinsu shine su inganta makoma ga yankin da mutanen da ke ƙirƙirar ƙasarsu a yanzu? Ko kuwa wasu dalilai ne ke jagorantar su, ko dai na kashin kai, kasuwanci ko akida?

Ta hanyar koyo game da Bitcoin, gwamnatoci za su iya tsara hanya don amfanin 'yan ƙasa na yanzu da na gaba. Wannan babi yana nufin bayar da wasu wuraren tunani don taimakawa fara tsarin shiryawa.

4.6.1 Fasaha da Doka

Mafi muhimmancin dalilan canji ba su cikin manufofin siyasa ko maganganun marigayi masana tattalin arziki, sai dai a cikin abubuwan ɓoye da ke canza iyakokin inda ake amfani da iko. Sau da yawa, ƙananan canje-canje a yanayi, ƙasa, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fasaha suna canza tsarin amfani da ƙarfi.
James Dale Davidson

Tarihi cike yake da misalan yadda ƙirƙirar fasaha ta canza yadda al'umman mutane suka ci gaba da yadda ake mulki. Littafin The Sovereign Individual na 1997 wanda James Dale Davidson da William Rees-Mogg suka rubuta, ya binciko yadda canje-canjen fasaha suka haifar da sauyi a Yammacin duniya daga mulkin coci zuwa tsarin ƙasashe da muke ciki a yau. Sun bayyana manyan fasahohin da suka kawo wannan sauyi a matsayin fitowar injin buga littattafai da amfani da garwashi a matsayin makamashi wajen amfani da ƙarfi wanda ya canza ribar amfani da ƙarfi a manyan matakai.

Muhimmin lura shi ne babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa ko coci ko jama'a gaba ɗaya sun so ko suka ƙaddamar da canjin da ya faru. Idan aka duba baya, kamar dole ne ikon da coci ke da shi ta hanyar sarrafa bayanai zai ragu yayin da sabon tsarin tattalin arziki ya cire masa ikon mallakar samar da rubuce-rubuce.

Injin buga littattafai ya rage farashin samar da bayanai, kuma hakan ya ƙara yawaitar samar da rubuce-rubuce daga wurare daban-daban.

Tarihi ya nuna cewa fasahar da ta kawo manyan canje-canje ba gwamnati ko cibiyoyi ko shugabanni ko jama'a ta hanyar dimokuradiyya suka ƙaddamar da ita ba. Sau da yawa muna ganin mutane da cibiyoyi sun ƙi karɓa, sun hana ko jinkirta amfani da ita. A ƙarni na 20, mun ga haka a amsa da aka bai wa amfani da motoci, wutar lantarki, ɓoyayyen saƙo, imel da intanet.

Karɓar sabbin fasahohi daga kasuwanni ne ya sauya inda mutane ke zama, yadda suke aiki da ma tsarin al'adu, ƙasa ko shugabanci. Sau da yawa hakan ya canza girma da tsarin wannan ƙungiya kanta. Sauran misalan fasaha da suka kawo sauyi a al'umma sun haɗa da fitowar wutar lantarki, motoci da intanet.

Harajin da bashi ma ana tsara su ne ta doka, don haka suna amsa wa fasaha. Ana iya ganin hakan a tarihi. A da, haraji ya taƙaita ne ga abubuwa kamar harajin tambari da harajin shigo da kaya saboda babu fasahar da za ta tallafa harajin kuɗin shiga da sauran su.

Wannan shaidar na nuna cewa fasaha ta fi doka ƙarfi. Doka na iya bin baya, amma tsarin dalili yana nuna cewa doka ba za ta iya hana canji da gaske ko dawwama ba, haka kuma ba za ta iya haifar da shi ba. Sauyin doka sakamako ne na sauyin fasaha, ba shi ne ke haifar da shi ba, kuma ba za a iya zaɓar sabuwar fasaha ta hanyar zaɓe ko umarnin sarki ko hana ta ba tare da cutar da kai ba.

Gaskiya ba ta canzawa. Mugunta na iya kai hari gare ta, jahilci na iya yi mata dariya, amma a ƙarshe, ga ta nan.
Winston Churchill

Fasahohi masu nasara wani nau'in "gaskiya" ne. Saboda haka, doka ba ta iya hana ci gaban fasahohi da dama da al'umma ke son hana su a lokacin da aka ƙirƙire su. Idan aka yi hakan, yawanci hakan ya rage arzikin ƙasar a matsakaici da dogon lokaci.

4.6.2 Rarraba Iko

Babu shakka cewa ikon da gwamnatocin tsakiya ke da shi na samun irin wannan kuɗi yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da matsanancin taruwar iko a hannun gwamnati.
Friedrich A. Hayek

Hayek ya bayyana cewa taruwar iko akan kuɗi da ta faru a ƙarni na 20 ita ce tushen taruwar iko a ƙasashe. Fitowar Bitcoin na iya juyar da wannan, abin da mutane da dama ke goyon baya kuma 'yan siyasa suna magana akai, amma sun kasa aiwatar da shi.

Kafin ƙarni na 20, sarakuna, sarki, sarauniya da gwamnatoci kullum suna da iyaka da ikon samun kuɗi. Arzikin da kuɗi ke auna ba daga sama yake fitowa ba, sai daga ƙasa mai rarraba iko. Har zuwa ƙarni na 20, asalin kuɗi yana nuna wannan gaskiya, don haka shi ma kuɗin 'gaskiya' ne. Siffar wannan kuɗi, fasahar da ke tattare da shi, tana bambanta da lokaci da wuri a matsayin wani ɓangare na ci gaban al'umma.

Tun farkon ƙarni na 20 an fara gwaje-gwaje don cire 'gaskiya' daga kuɗi, wanda ya kai ga cikakken rabuwarsa da gaskiya a 1961 lokacin da aka "ɗan dakatar da" musayar dala da zinariya.

Na umurci Sakataren Connally da ya dakatar da musayar dala ta Amurka da zinariya na ɗan lokaci sai dai a adadi da sharuddan da aka ga ya dace don tabbatar da daidaiton kuɗi da amfanin Amurka.
Richard Nixon

Kuɗi fasaha ne kuma Bitcoin, a matsayin kuɗin dijital, na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙirƙira a tarihin ɗan adam.

...kuɗi, a asali, fasaha ne kamar kowanne na'ura mai sauƙi kamar ƙugiya, lefa ko ƙafafun mota.
Business Insider

Watakila kuɗi ya kai girman ƙirƙirar noma, injin buga littattafai ko garwashi. Banda jin ƙai, kuɗi ne ke motsa duk wani aikin ɗan adam da aka yi da son rai, don haka yana yiwuwa sabon mafita a wannan fasaha ga mutane biliyan 8 zai zama mafi tasiri a tarihin ɗan adam.

Kuɗi iko ne, fasaha ce, don haka ta fi doka ƙarfi, kuma ta haka ta fi cibiyoyin doka ƙarfi. Rarraba iko akan kuɗi zai haifar da rarraba iko gaba ɗaya.

Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon da ake biya don samun daidaiton kuɗi shi ne cewa doka ba ta shirya wa canje-canje marasa tsammani da juyin juya hali a tsarin kuɗi ba.
Phanor J. Eder

A yau ƙasashe suna ayyana kuɗi ɗaya ko fiye a matsayin kuɗin doka. Idan kasuwa ta zaɓi wani abu daban a matsayin kuɗi mafi soyuwa ko dai a cikin gida ko a duniya, to gwamnatoci na iya fuskantar yanayi inda buƙatar kuɗin doka na cikin gida ya ragu fiye da buƙatar kuɗin duniya, mai adalci, 'gaskiya'. Za mu sake ganin cewa kuɗi na gaskiya kayan kasuwa ne da ke haifar da sauyin doka, ba doka ce ke ƙirƙirar shi ba. Ƙasashe za su iya ci gaba da riƙe dokar kuɗi da ke nuna kuɗin da ba a fi so ba, amma zai fi kyau su yi la'akari da illar da hakan zai haifar musu:

Tarihi ya nuna ba zai yiwu ka kare kanka daga sakamakon wasu suna riƙe da kuɗin da ya fi naka ƙarfi ba.
Saifedean Ammous

Hujjar da aka gabatar a sama ta nuna yadda kuɗi mai rarraba iko, na duniya da adalci zai iya haifar da rarraba iko. Yanzu za mu duba yadda Bitcoin, fasahar sadarwar kuɗi mai rarraba iko, na iya zama farkon rarraba sadarwa da kafafen watsa labarai ba na kuɗi ba.

Rarraba Sadarwa

Bitcoin hanyar sadarwa ce mai rarraba iko, a bude kuma adalci wadda kasuwa ke ƙara daraja a matsayin kuɗi.

Akwai wasu siffofi na wannan yarjejeniya da ka iya kawo sabon salo a harkar sadarwar ɗan adam fiye da batun kuɗi kawai. Muna fara ganin hanyoyin sadarwa da kafafen sada zumunta suna fitowa suna samun karɓuwa waɗanda ke amfani da waɗannan siffofi, misali Nostr da Keet. Wannan na iya zama farkon babbar rarrabuwar ayyuka idan aka kwatanta da yadda ake amfani da intanet a yau. Waɗannan kafafen ma na iya samun damar yin mu'amala da Bitcoin kai tsaye a cikinsu.

Dangane da muhawarar da ake yi kwanan nan, musamman a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, game da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da kuma takura, bai kamata gwamnati ta yi watsi da batun rarrabuwar sadarwa ba, kuma ya kamata hakan ya zama ginshiƙi wajen tsara manufofi tun da wuri, ko da ba wai saboda Bitcoin kai tsaye ba.

Zai iya zama cewa yin amfani da karfi da yawa daga gwamnati wajen haramta, rufe, takura ko tsoma baki a hanyoyin sadarwa na yanzu ba zai haifar da da mai ido ba. Idan gwamnati ta matsa lamba sosai, hanyoyin madadin za su bunkasa da sauri. A kowace al'umma mai 'yanci irin ta kasashen da suka ci gaba, wadannan hanyoyin madadin za su fi tsada a sa ido, kuma hakan zai sa kusan ba zai yiwu a sa ido ga jama'a da yawa ba.

Saboda haka, hanya mafi dacewa ita ce a yi aiki tare da hanyoyin sadarwa na yanzu cikin son rai tare da mayar da hankali ne kawai kan manyan matsaloli da aka amince da su gaba ɗaya, ba kan batutuwan da suka shafi ra'ayoyi daban-daban ko kan ɗaiɗaikun 'yan ƙasa ba. Idan aka tabbatar da cikakken 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a kafafen da ake da su yanzu, hakan zai rage tura mutane zuwa sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa masu rarrabuwa.

4.6.3 Internationalisation

Internationalisation ta hanyar dukiya

Bitcoin dukiya ce ta dijital, don haka ba ta da wuri na zahiri kuma ba ta da iyaka ta ƙasa. Haka kuma, Bitcoin ba wata doka ce ta musamman ba. Saboda haka, Bitcoin wata ƙirƙira ce ta musamman da ta zama dukiya mai daraja amma ba ta da matsuguni ko a zahiri ko a doka.

Duniya ta taɓa fuskantar wani lokaci a baya inda aka yi amfani da tsari guda na kuɗi - wato tsarin zinariya. Ko da kasashe suna da kudinsu na kansu, sau da yawa farashin musayar ba ya canzawa saboda ana auna su ne da nauyin zinariya da kowanne ke wakilta. Amma wahalar da tsadar jigilar zinariya ta zahiri da jinkirin hakan ya kawo ƙarshen wannan lokaci. Hakan kuma ya takaita yadda zinariya za ta iya zama hanyar haɗin kai ta duniya fiye da auna darajar kaya kawai. Tsayuwar zinariya a matsayin tsarin kuɗi na duniya ta takaita kuma daga ƙarshe ta lalace saboda tana buƙatar wuri na zahiri.

Internationalisation ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta zamantakewa

Al'ummar Bitcoin ta bunƙasa a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta duniya. Matsuguni na iya bambanta 'yancin da mutane ke da shi bisa wurin da suke, misali damar shiga intanet kai tsaye, ko jerin manhajojin da aka amince da su a Apple App Store ko Google Play Store. Matsuguni na iya shafar matsayin doka da dokokin Bitcoin a matsayin dukiya ko hanyar musayar kuɗi. Amma al'ada da ilimin da aka gina a cikin al'ummar Bitcoin abu ne da ake rabawa a duniya baki ɗaya.

Sakamakon internationalisation

Zai zama abin mamaki idan kowace ƙasa mai 'yanci ta kafa dokoki da za su takaita 'yancin motsi na mutane har ta kai ga haramta musu barin ƙasarsu. Irin wannan mulkin kama-karya zai nuna ƙarshen ci gaban ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, kuma tarihi ya nuna cewa ba zai daɗe ba kafin a samu tawaye.

Idan aka duba hakan, haɗin gwiwar rashin iyaka ta wurin Bitcoin da hanyar sadarwa ta duniya za su haifar da gagarumin ƙalubale ga gwamnatocin ƙasashe wajen samar da ingantattun ayyuka ga 'yan ƙasa ko kuma su fuskanci raguwar masu amfani. Wannan ba lallai ba ne ya zama 'gasa zuwa ƙasa' kamar yadda wasu ke fassara, sai dai zai haifar da ƙarin bambance-bambance, tare da mayar da hankali kan inganci da samar da ayyuka masu amfani daidai da harajin da ake karɓa gwargwadon yadda kasuwa za ta iya ɗauka.

Yanayin gasa da gwamnatocin ƙasashe za su tsinci kansu a ciki, tare da bunƙasar sabon kuɗi da ke haɗa ayyukan ɗan adam a duniya, zai ja mutane waje. Idan aka haɗa da rarrabuwar kuɗi da sadarwa da ke jan mutane ciki, gwamnatocin ƙasashe na iya samun kansu suna tsawaita daga bangarori biyu. Iyakokin ƙwarewa na iya rabuwa zuwa yankuna ko al'ummomi a cikin gida, kuma su watse zuwa waje. Girma da faɗin gwamnatocin ƙasashe na iya raguwa a matsakaici. Duk da girman da za a samu a kowace ƙasa, masu biyan haraji za su fi zama abokan ciniki fiye da masu roƙo, kuma za su nemi a tabbatar da cewa ayyukan da ake samarwa sun dace da kuɗin da suka biya.

Rarrabuwar cikin gida, da tsawaita zuwa waje na iya tarwatsa wasu ƙasashe kamar yadda ake samun tsawaita jiki a ramin baƙar fata. Bitcoin a lokaci guda yana ƙarfafa al'umma a gida da kuma haɗa su da duniya.

Tuni muna ganin a cikin tattalin arzikin bitcoin yadda yake zama duka mai ƙarfafa al'umma a gida da kuma haɗa su da duniya. Akwai ƙarin haɗin kai na duniya, ƙarancin masu shiga tsakani da ƙarin rarrabuwar iko, tare da ƙarin tattalin arziki da hanyoyin sadarwa na gida da na duniya, amma ƙarancin matsakaici a tsakanin su.

Ga jerin wasu muhimman batutuwa da gwamnatoci za su iya la'akari da tasirin wannan internationalisation:

• Haraji / kasafin kuɗi
• Yawan kuɗi / tsarin banki
• Tsaro / yaƙi
• Tsarin gwamnatocin ƙasa da ƙasa
• Tsarin gwamnatocin yankuna / na gida
• Tsarin tattalin arziki
• Kungiyoyin agaji, marasa riba, addini da na al'umma
• Ilimi / jami'o'i

4.6.4 Ethics

Mafi muhimmancin batutuwan ɗabi'a suna bambanta bisa ga yanayin siyasar duniya. Muna duba daga bangarori biyu: Daga hangen nesa na ƙasashen da suka ci gaba da kuma na Global South. Cewa tsarin kuɗi na yanzu yana haifar da matsaloli daban-daban ga 'yan ƙasa bisa inda suka fito ma kansa matsala ce ta ɗabi'a da ta shafi daidaito tsakanin mutane.

Hangen ƙasashen da suka ci gaba - bambancin arziki da muhalli

Tasirin Cantillon an samo sunansa daga Richard Cantillon, wani masanin tattalin arziki na ƙarni na 18 daga Ireland da Faransa wanda ya fara rubuta wannan lura. Wannan tasiri yana bayyana yadda hauhawar farashin kuɗi ke shafar kaya da dukiya a tattalin arziki ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Idan aka ƙara sabon kuɗi na fiat a cikin tattalin arziki, tasirinsa yana shafar mutane da masana'antu daban-daban a lokuta daban-daban. Sau da yawa dukiya tana ƙaruwa da daraja, wanda ke amfanar masu arziki, yayin da marasa dukiya ke fuskantar hauhawar farashin kaya gaba ɗaya.

Tsarin kuɗi na yanzu babban dalili ne da ke haifar da ƙarin tazara tsakanin masu arziki da talakawa. Damar da masu arziki da masu alaƙa da siyasa ke da ita wajen amfani da tsarin da ke akwai don amfaninsu, a kan talakawa, wani ɓangare ne na yadda tsarin kuɗi ke aiki. Wannan tsarin kuma yana haifar da raguwar matsakaicin aji, inda kaɗan ke ƙara arziki, da da yawa ke ƙara talauci. Komawa zuwa kuɗi mai adalci wanda za a iya samu ne kawai ta hanyar aiki, ba tare da la'akari da arzikin mutum ba, zai dakatar da ƙarin wannan tazara kuma zai fara gyara ta, wanda zai haifar da al'umma masu daidaito.

Bitcoin na da alfanun da dama a cikin tsarin ESG. A cikin tarihin sa mai gajarta, sabbin hanyoyi da dabaru na amfani da hanyar sadarwa da dukiyar da take da ita na ci gaba da fitowa, kamar taimakawa wajen daidaita tsarin wutar lantarki, rage hayakin da ke gurbata muhalli, har ma da taimakawa wajen samar da zafi mai dorewa ga gidaje da wuraren kasuwanci.KPMG

Bitcoin na iya zama muhimmin ginshiƙi wajen rage sauyin yanayi saboda yadda yake da alaƙa da samar da makamashi da amfani da shi ta hanyar da ke da riba. Takardar ta kuma nuna muhimman fa'idodi na zamantakewa da shugabanci da ke tattare da Bitcoin.

A duniyar da ba za a iya ƙirƙirar kuɗi don ƙarfafa cinye albarkatu ba, albarkatun da ake da su za a yi amfani da su cikin inganci da rage ɓarna. Za mu iya ganin sauyi a tsakanin ƙarfafa samar da sabbin kaya da gyara da sake amfani da tsofaffi, inda na biyun zai ƙaru. Wannan zai rage yawan sayayya ba tare da jefa tattalin arziki cikin matsala ba, domin kuɗin ba ya dogara da bashi. Za mu ga amfani mai dorewa na albarkatu da ƙaruwa a arzikin masu aiki, masu cinye ƙasa da abin da suke samu, da masu ajiya a cikin kuɗi mai ƙarfi.

Global South / ƙasashen da ke tasowa - rashin damar shiga harkar kuɗi da kuma kuɗaɗen ƙasa da ba a tafiyar da su da kyau

Wasu daga cikinmu an haife mu a cikin tsarin kuɗi mai kyau da shugabanni masu hikima... Amma da yawa daga cikinmu muna fama da tsarin kuɗi maras kyau ko kuma wanda ba a tafiyar da shi da kyau... ba mu da ikon zaɓar irin tsarin kuɗin da aka haife mu a ciki kamar yadda ba mu da ikon zaɓar uwar da ta haife mu.Resistance Money, Andrew Bailey, Bradley Rettler, Craig Warmke

A Global South muna ganin daga hangen rashin kyawun kuɗaɗen ƙasa da hauhawar farashi, ƙarancin damar musayar kuɗi da ƙarancin damar shiga harkar kuɗi. A ƙasashe da dama masu yawan jama'a, fiye da rabin al'umma ba su da asusun banki. Kuɗi mai adalci, mara izini kuma mai iyaka a duniya na da fa'ida sosai ga irin waɗannan al'ummomi.

Hauhawar farashi yana sa wahalar ajiya ga 'yan ƙasa. Ajiya muhimmin abu ne wajen gina jari a tattalin arziki, kuma rashin hakan yana kawo cikas ga ci gaba da dorewar tattalin arziki. Maimakon haka, tattalin arziki na dogaro da jari daga waje ko kuma mafi yawa bashi don samar da kayayyaki. Irin wannan bashi yawanci yana zuwa da sharudda da ke shafar irin ci gaban tattalin arzikin da mai bayar da bashi ke so, wanda ba lallai ba ne ya dace da bukatun kasuwar cikin gida. Hakanan, yadda ake tsara bashin a tsakiya yana ba shugabanni marasa gaskiya damar karkatar da wani ɓangare don amfaninsu.

Hauhawar farashi yana sa mutane su fi fifita abin da ke gaban su fiye da makoma, wato suna rage darajar makoma. Rage wannan fifiko na lokaci muhimmi ne wajen ci gaban al'umma da tattalin arziki. Karancin hauhawar farashi da rage fifiko na lokaci yana sauƙaƙa wa mutane tsara rayuwa da zuba jari don makoma.

Rashin bai wa yawancin al'ummar duniya damar shiga musayar kuɗi na duniya yana hana su shiga kasuwannin duniya. Wannan yana rage damar su na kula da kansu ta hanyar samar da kaya da ayyuka ga masu bukata. Rashin shigar su kuma yana cutar da abokan ciniki da za su iya amfana da fa'idar gasa da waɗanda aka ware za su iya bayarwa; duka muna rasa, wasu fiye da wasu.

4.6.5 Kimanta zaɓin manufofi

Sauyi shi ne doka ta rayuwa. Kuma waɗanda ke kallon baya ko yanzu kawai tabbas za su rasa gaba.John F. Kennedy

Duk irin matakin da gwamnati za ta ɗauka game da wannan batu, zurfi da faɗin tasirinsa na nufin cewa tashiwar Bitcoin ya kamata a saka shi cikin jerin haɗarin ƙasa.

4.6.5.1 Tsayayya - Mai Faɗa

Wasu abubuwan da suka shafi manufofin gwamnati, musamman ma na masu kula da harkokin kudi, sun bayyana kamar sun dauki wannan matsayi tsawon lokaci tun da My First Bitcoin ta samu darajar da ta jawo hankali. Inda dokoki suka bayyana, sun fi zama na mayar da martani ne, suna tafiya a hankali kuma suna hana ci gaba. Duk da haka, wannan ba lallai ne an nufa ba, watakila sakamakon rashin tsari mai kyau daga gwamnati ne, wanda hakan ya shafi masu kula da harkokin kudi a kasa.

Idan My First Bitcoin ta ci gaba da tashi, tarihi zai nuna cewa tura damammaki ga wasu zai zama babbar rashin adalci ga al'umman da ke zaune a kasashen da suka dauki wannan matsayi. Farkon zuwan intanet an dan yi masa adawa a farkon sa a kasashen da suka ci gaba, amma hikima ta yi nasara da wuri, kuma yawancin ribar kasuwanci da fasaha sun samu ne ga kasashen da suka rungume shi tun yana sabo.

4.6.5.2 Watsi - Mai Caca

Wannan zaɓi ne mafi yawa da gwamnatoci suka dauka daga 2009-2024 sai dai wasu kasashe kamar El Salvador da Bhutan. Duk da kokarin cibiyoyin manufofi kamar Bitcoin Policy Institute a Amurka da Bitcoin Policy UK, mafi yawan gwamnatoci sun kasance ba su da masaniya sosai game da batun, don haka suna rasa damar daukar matakan rage illa da kuma damammaki daga tashin My First Bitcoin. Inda dokoki suka fito, sun fi zama na mayar da martani ne maimakon a tsara su da tunani mai zurfi.

Rashin sani da gangan ba zai zama matsayi mai karbuwa ba domin hakan caca ne da makomar mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan da gwamnati ke da alhakin su. Gocewa da yada bayanan karya da amfani da jawaban siyasa don raina fasaha mai muhimmanci ba hanya ce mai kyau ko kwararru ba wajen gudanar da siyasar gwamnati. Yin dariya da My First Bitcoin a matsayin 'kudin intanet mai sihiri' watakila ya dace a shekarun farko lokacin da ta kasance abin tarawa ne kawai ko kuma tana da karamin daraja, amma yanzu hakan ba matsayi ne mai karbuwa ba.

4.6.5.3 Jinkirta - Mai Jinkiri

Kokarin jinkirta tashin My First Bitcoin wani zaɓi ne mai yiwuwa. Sai dai, hakan zai zo da sakamakon da ba shi da kyau ga mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan da irin wannan gwamnati ke da alhaki a yau da nan gaba. Idan aka yi la'akari da wannan hadari, ya kamata a bi wannan hanya ne kawai daga matsayi na ilimi da kwararru masu fahimta.

Zai iya yiwuwa a sami wasu fannoni da saka jinkiri na musamman da hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa zai iya zama da amfani wajen saukaka sauyin da ba makawa. Misali daya shi ne, ta rage kokarin takura ko sanya nauyi mai yawa ga kamfanonin kafafen sada zumunta na tsakiya, ana iya jinkirta matsawa zuwa hanyoyin da ba za a iya takura su ba. Wannan na iya rage kudin da ake kashewa wajen kula da manyan laifukan kudi na kasa da kasa da sauran manyan laifuka na wani lokaci mai tsawo.

4.6.5.4 Runguma - Mai Kirkira

Idan za ta yi nasara, goya mata baya. Tarihi yana jin dadin shugabannin da suka goyi bayan masu nasara.
James Dewar

Idan My First Bitcoin ta ci gaba da tashi a matsayin kudin duniya, wadanda za su fi cin moriya tun da wuri su ne:

• Mutanen da suka rungumi My First Bitcoin tun da wuri
• Kamfanoni da masu hannun jarinsu da suka rungumi My First Bitcoin tun da wuri
• ‘Yan kasa na kasashen da gwamnatocinsu suka rungumi My First Bitcoin tun da wuri

A dogon lokaci kowa zai ci moriya, amma ribar farko mai yawa za ta shiga kasashen da gwamnatocinsu suka zabi wannan hanya.

Ta hanyar rungumar My First Bitcoin yanzu, gwamnatoci za su iya:

• Tallafa wa ilimin ‘yan kasarsu
• Haɓaka dokokin My First Bitcoin daga hangen nesa na dabaru
• Karfa gwiwa, ko a kalla su kasance masu tsaka-tsaki, ga ci gaban sabbin masana’antu
• Hango sauyin tattalin arziki - girman bangaren kudi, raguwa a muhimmanci da karfin manyan kamfanoni
• Sarrafa tasirin da hakan zai yi wa kudaden gwamnati

Shin My First Bitcoin za ta sa dan siyasa ya zama ba dole ba wanda ke ganin aikinsa shi ne mulki maimakon yi wa jama’a hidima?
Danjuma

Yana da muni ga al'umma idan mai kudi ya kashe dukiyarsa mai yawa a kan sadaka fiye da kashewa a kan jin daɗi. Domin idan ya kashe a kan jin daɗi, mafi yawan illa tana kansa da na kusa da shi, amma idan ya kashe a kan sadaka, yana jefa al'umma cikin babbar matsala.
John A. Hobson

4.7.0 Gabatarwa

Gwamnatoci ba za su rasa ikon karɓar haraji daga nau'o'in kuɗaɗe da dukiya da dama kawai ba; za su kuma rasa ikon tilasta amfani da kuɗi.
James Dale Davidson

Kamar yadda aka tattauna a babin da aka keɓe wa gwamnatoci, fitowar Bitcoin na iya kawo matsin lamba mai tsanani ga yadda gwamnati ke samar da kuɗi don ayyukan jin ƙai. Wannan matsin lamba zai iya ƙaruwa a lokaci guda da yawancin ƙasashen yamma ke fuskantar tsufa a cikin al'umma.

Sauya gwamnati daga matsayin mai samar da kuɗi ko mai gudanarwa tare da ƙaruwa a buƙatun jama'a zai haifar da ƙarin buƙata ga ayyukan jin ƙai da masu taimako don tallafa musu. A duniyar da ake iya riƙe dukiya kai tsaye ba tare da takarda ba, haraji mai tsanani zai yi wuya ya dore, ko da a cikin dimokuradiyya da amincewar masu zaɓe, sai dai idan an sanya takurawa mai tsanani ga 'yancin motsi. Duba maganar da ke sama daga The Sovereign Individual, ko karanta cikakken bayani.

Sai dai kuma, akwai damar da ke akwai ga kungiyoyin jin ƙai da waɗanda ba sa neman riba. Ba wai ayyukansu ba za su ƙara zama masu buƙata ba ne, akasin haka. Kuma da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka samu arziki ta hanyar koyo da hangen nesa a wannan sauyi za su bi sahun waɗanda suka gabata (misali Rockefeller da Carnegie) su zama masu taimako yayin da suka fahimci buƙata kuma suka samu damar taimakawa.

4.7.1 Hadari

An tilasta mini biyan kuɗi mai yawa ga talakawa ta hanyar doka, har ba ni da ikon bayarwa cikin yardar rai... wannan yana rage kuma yana raunana zuciyar taimako a ciki; kuma wannan zuciyar, idan ba a amfani da ita... tana ƙara rauni, har a ƙarshe, wataƙila ta gushe gaba ɗaya
Thomas Alcock

Hadarin da kungiyoyin jin ƙai ke fuskanta yana fitowa daga waɗannan abubuwa:

• Ƙaruwa a buƙatar al'umma ga ayyukan lafiya da jin ƙai saboda sauyin tsarin jama'a (a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba)
• Raguwar ikon gwamnati na ci gaba da samar da ayyukan da ake da su yanzu
• Raguwar ikon gwamnati na tallafawa kungiyoyin jin ƙai da kuɗi don ci gaba da ayyukan da ake da su

Wadannan abubuwa na iya jawo hadari inda kungiyoyin jin ƙai da waɗanda ba sa neman riba za su fuskanci ƙaruwa a buƙatar ayyuka a lokaci guda da tushen kuɗi ke raguwa.

A cikin ƙarni na 20, gwamnati ta zama babbar mai samar da ayyukan lafiya da jin ƙai a mafi yawan ƙasashen da suka ci gaba, wuraren da a da yawanci kungiyoyin jin ƙai, ƙungiyoyin al'umma da na addini ke rike da su. Bayyanar da tsarin jin ƙai tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu ya samo asali ne daga ƙaruwa da karfin gwamnatocin ƙasashe. Idan wannan ya juya baya, to za a samu gibi a cikin ayyukan al'umma kuma mutane za su nemi hanyar cike wannan gibi.

Abin ƙyama ne ga al'umma mai ci gaba idan asibitoci za su dogara da sadaka ta masu zaman kansu.
Aneurin Bevan

Duk da cewa mutane da dama, ciki har da 'yan siyasa, sun bayyana ra'ayi na ɗabi'a game da dogaro da kungiyoyin jin ƙai a matsayin "abin ƙyama" ko makamancin haka, watakila hakan wata dama ce ta wucin gadi. Duk da haka, irin waɗannan ra'ayoyi an taɓa kalubalantar su a ilimi. Komawa ga tsammanin cewa masu ƙarfi za su ɗauki nauyi ta hanyar taimako maimakon tilasta musu, na iya zama mai amfani ga ɗabi'a da al'umma gaba ɗaya.

Ci gaba da fasaha da samarwa a duniya yanzu da nan gaba yana nufin cewa wannan sauyi ba zai zama komawa baya kamar yadda aka saba a ƙarni na 20 ba. Albarkatun da ake da su don samar da kariya ga jama'a a yau sun fi na da yawa. Hakika Bitcoin, ta hanyar inganta yanke shawara mai kyau a kan amfani da albarkatu, haɓakar jari da rage son jin daɗin gaggawa, zai samar da sabon tushe don ƙara albarkatun da tattalin arzikin duniya zai iya samarwa.

4.7.2 Barazana

Sauyi shi ne dokar rayuwa. Kuma waɗanda ke kallon baya ko yanzu kawai tabbas za su rasa gaba
John F. Kennedy

Samar da Kuɗi

Kungiyoyin jin ƙai ko waɗanda ba sa neman riba da ke samun kuɗi daga gwamnati ta ƙasa ko ta gari na iya fuskantar raguwar waɗannan kudade saboda yaduwar ikon kuɗi daga hannun waɗannan hukumomi.

Irin wannan hadari yana shafa kungiyoyin da ke samun kuɗi mai yawa daga kamfanoni da kansu za su iya fuskantar ƙalubale daga fitowar Bitcoin. Musamman, za mu haskaka kamfanonin da ke aiki a fannin ayyukan kuɗi a yau. Idan waɗannan kamfanonin ba su fara shirin tunkarar wannan sabuwar fasaha ba, to ikon su na ci gaba da tallafawa ayyukan jin ƙai na iya raguwa.

Kungiyoyin jin ƙai da ke samun wani kaso na kuɗinsu daga jarin hannun jari, gadon dukiya ko asusun dogon lokaci na iya fuskantar raguwar ribar gaske yayin da Bitcoin ke rage ƙimar kuɗin da suke da shi a yanzu. Musamman wannan na iya shafar kadarori, zinariya da hannun jari. Takardun bashi ma na iya rasa ƙimar gaske ba kawai saboda yawan bashin da gwamnatoci ke ciki ba, har ma saboda gasa daga fitowar sabon nau'in dukiya.

Tsarin samar da kuɗi yana canzawa lokaci zuwa lokaci kuma wannan ba sabon abu ba ne. Sai dai abin da zai iya faruwa saboda fitowar Bitcoin shi ne bambancin dabi'u da ra'ayin sabbin al'ummomi na iya zama daban da abin da aka saba gani a baya.

Haɓakar Buƙata

Yayin da gwamnatoci ke ƙara kasa iya samar da wasu ayyukan lafiya da jin ƙai, za a samu ƙaruwa a buƙatar da ba a biya ba a cikin al'umma. Mutane za su ƙara dogaro da ƙananan ƙungiyoyin al'umma don taimakawa wajen cike wannan buƙata. Sabbin ƙungiyoyi za su bayyana, tare da tallafi daga sabbin masu bayar da gudummawa.

Duniya mai ci gaba na fuskantar matsalar tsufa a cikin al'umma da raguwar haihuwa. Waɗannan abubuwa na jefa gwamnatoci cikin ƙarin bashi kuma a lokuta da dama suna ƙara nauyin alkawuran da ba a tanada musu kuɗi ba. Yawancin buƙatun yanzu ba a biya su, kuma ana yin alkawura da ba za a iya cikawa ba. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda son zuciyar siyasa na ɗan lokaci, amma yana da mummunan sakamako na ɗaga tsammanin mutane fiye da abin da za a iya bayarwa. Irin waɗannan tsammanin na zama tushen buƙata a gaba domin idan ba a cika su ba, mutane na iya kasa tanada kansu, ko da da dama sun iya yi da kansu da ba a musu alkawari ba tun farko.

4.7.3 Dama

A wannan sashen, mun haskaka wasu daga cikin damar da Bitcoin zai iya samarwa ga kungiyoyin jin ƙai da waɗanda ba sa neman riba. Ba cikakku ba ne, amma dama ne ga yawancin kungiyoyi kuma an tsara su ne don ƙarfafa tunani.

Muhimmin fahimta guda ɗaya ita ce, idan Bitcoin ya ci gaba da zama dukiya da kuɗi mai ƙima a duniya, akwai wani rukuni na jama'a da ke cikin harkar tun yanzu daga cikinsu za su fito da yawa daga cikin masu taimako na gaba. Su mutane ne masu ƙwazo da jajircewa, da dama daga cikinsu sun riga sun fahimci cewa tare da arziki mai yawa akwai nauyin al'umma. Za su fi son tallafawa kungiyoyin jin ƙai da suka daidaita kansu da ɗabi'a don taimakawa masu buƙata, ko buƙatar na yanzu ko wanda zai taso yayin da gwamnati ke ƙara kasa iya cika alkawuran da ta yi a baya.

Tare da sabuwar buƙata da sabbin masu bayar da gudummawa, yana da kyau a yi la'akari da kafa sabuwar ƙungiyar jin ƙai ko wanda ba sa neman riba. Sabuwar reshe mai zaman kanta na iya samun damar mayar da hankali da saurin kirkira a fannin isar da ayyuka da tara kuɗi. Hakanan za ka iya samun ma'aikatan Bitcoiner da za su iya bayar da lokacinsu don taimaka maka, da kuma samar da hanyar tallafawa ayyukan jin ƙai da kuɗi, domin samun arziki yana ba mutane damar mallakar lokacinsu.

Karɓa da niyya ga gudummawar bitcoin

Karɓar bitcoin hanya ce mai sauƙi kuma mai arha don shiga cikin al'ummar Bitcoin. Akwai kamfanoni da dama a duniya da ke yin haka don ƙara samun kuɗi, suna amfani da kafafen sada zumunta da ayyukan intanet don tallata kansu, sau da yawa kyauta. Ta hanyar karɓar bitcoin, kungiyoyi na buɗe kansu ga kasuwar duniya mai girma ta mutane da ke ƙara samun arziki a lokaci. Wannan kasuwa tana da sauƙin niyya a yanzu domin tana da haɗin kai sosai a kafafen sada zumunta da intanet.

A wasu ƙasashen haraji, ana biyan harajin ribar jari idan an kashe bitcoin a kasuwanci. Sai dai, gudummawa ga kungiyoyin jin ƙai na iya zama ba a haraji, don haka yana rage cikas fiye da kasuwanci.

Gina suna a cikin wannan al'umma ta duniya a yanzu zai fi sauƙi fiye da shekaru masu zuwa idan ta ƙara girma kuma kungiyarka ta zama ɗaya daga cikin daruruwan da ke karɓar bitcoin. Haka kuma, mutanen da ka fara hulɗa da su a yau na iya zama mafi yawan masu taimako a gaba fiye da waɗanda suka rungumi Bitcoin daga baya. Shiga cikin wannan al'umma na buɗe damar a duba ka don gadon Bitcoin da sauran tallafi maras kuɗi kamar aikin sa kai.

Gudanar da Kuɗi

Ga kungiyoyin jin ƙai da waɗanda ba sa neman riba da ke samun wani kaso na kuɗi daga jarin hannun jari ko asusun dogon lokaci, saka wani kaso a cikin bitcoin a cikin jarin na iya samar da riba mafi kyau ga haɗari da aka ɗauka ta hanyar ƙara Sharpe ratio. Duba babi na 7.3 'Gudanar da Kuɗi' don ƙarin bayani.

Kirkira a Isar da Ayyuka

Kamfanoni da dama da ke hulɗa da Bitcoin na ƙirƙirar kayayyaki da ayyuka musamman don wannan kasuwa don ƙara samun kuɗi da aminci. Akwai damar ga kungiyoyin jin ƙai su duba yadda fasahar Bitcoin za ta iya zama dandalin inganta isar da ayyukansu.

Mun bayar da misali guda ɗaya a nan don haskaka wannan ra'ayi da taimakawa wajen kirkira.

‘Banki’ ga marasa asusun banki: Katin biyan Bitcoin, wanda kungiyar jin ƙai ta samar kuma take cika masa kuɗi, na iya taimakawa mutanen da ba su da asusun banki, ko dai saboda matsalar shaidar zama ko rashin riba, su samu damar amfani da ayyuka kamar bankin abinci yayin da suke kiyaye sirri da mutunci. Irin wannan mafita na iya ƙarfafa kwarewar rayuwa mai zaman kanta kamar yanke shawara bisa kasafin kuɗi a cikin shago. Wannan na iya zama hanyar da masu karɓa za su koyi sarrafa kuɗi ko da ba su da asusun banki a yanzu. Hakanan zai iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa kuɗi sun isa wuraren da ke da buƙata cikin sauri da arha.

Tsarin Isar da Ayyuka

Yi la'akari da sauya tsarin zuwa na yanki don ƙarfafa shiga al'umma. Tsari mai yanki na iya ƙarfafa shiga daga ƙasa zuwa sama kuma zai fi dacewa da duniyar da ke ƙara zama yanki.

Haɓakar Buƙata

Gano inda manufofin jinƙai na ƙungiyarku suka haɗu da wuraren da ake da bukatu da ba a cika ba a yanzu, ko kuma inda gwamnati ke cika wasu bukatu amma watakila za ta janye ko rage tallafi idan ta fuskanci ƙalubalen kuɗi a nan gaba.

Fara fifita da tsara yadda za ku faɗaɗa ayyukanku zuwa waɗannan wurare.

4.7.4 Aiki

Ƙirƙiri kamfen ɗin tara kuɗi da aka nufa ga masu sha'awar Bitcoin.

Wasu abubuwa da za ku iya la'akari da su:

• Me yasa masu taimako da za su fito daga wannan fasaha za su so su haɗu da ku?
• Wadanne dabi'u ne wannan rukuni ke da su?
• Ta yaya ƙungiyarku ko kamfen ɗinku ke da alaƙa da waɗannan dabi'u?
• Wadanne irin jajircewa ga Bitcoin ne zai fi jawo gudummawa?
• Ina wannan rukuni ke yawan zama a duniya?
• Wadanne matakan arziki ne ke cikin wannan rukuni a yau, da nan gaba?
• Ta yaya za ku iya sadarwa da su da kuma isa gare su?
• Ta yaya za ku iya gina dangantaka mai ɗorewa da amana da waɗannan rukuni?