Isebenza Njani Imigodi yeBitcoin?

Kule candelo, siza kujonga ngokusondeleyo kwiindawo ezimbini ezibaluleke kakhulu (kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba) kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin ezazaziswa okokuqala kwiSifundo 5:

• Iinodi zeBitcoin: Abagcini-masango bokuvavanya abano msebenzi ophambili wokugcina ikopi yencwadi yeBitcoin, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iintengiselwano zivumelekile kwaye wonke umntu ulandela imigaqo efanayo. Ngokuhambisa lo msebenzi kubantu abaninzi kwihlabathi lonke, iBitcoin ihlala yomelele ngokuchasene nobuqhetseba obunokubakho ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kugunyaziwe ophakathi. Iinodi zinceda ukugcina inkqubo ithembekile kwaye ihambelana nomgaqo wokuzimela, apho akukho mntu okanye iqela linamandla agqithisileyo kwabanye.
• Abavukuzi beBitcoin: Abaqulunqi bokhuseleko abasisombulula imingeni ye-cryptography besebenzisa iikhompyutha ezinamandla nombane. Bahlola kwaye baqinisekise iintengiselwano, beqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ikhuselekile. Umsebenzi wabo wokubala unceda ukwenza incwadi (okanye ibhlokhcheyini) inganyangeki kubantu ababi ngokwenza utshintsho kwi-blockchain kubize kakhulu kumandla ombane.

Ngokudibeneyo, iinodi zeBitcoin kunye nabavukuzi basebenza njengeqela ukugcina inkqubo ezimeleyo, ikhuselekile, kwaye yomelele — inkqubo yemali entsha enokuthembeka ngabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Masihlole ezi ndima ngokubanzi ukuze siqonde indlela abanegalelo ngayo kwi protocol yeBitcoin.

Iinodi zeBitcoin zinokubonakala ngathi zintsonkothile, kodwa zisoftware nje egcina ikopi ye-blockchain yeBitcoin kwikhompyutha. I-blockchain yirekhodi esabelwana ngayo yazo zonke iintengiselwano zeBitcoin.

Xa usebenzisa eyakho inodi, uqinisekisa iintengiselwano zeBitcoin ngokwakho endaweni yokuthembela komnye umntu. Oku kukunika inkululeko engakumbi kwaye kunceda ukugcina inethiwekhi yeBitcoin ingaphantsi kolawulo lomntu omnye.

Ungacinga ngenodi yeBitcoin njengomphathi wezithuthi wedijithali onemisebenzi embalwa ebalulekileyo.

1. Igcina ikopi ye-blockchain, ethi ibe yimbali yazo zonke iintengiselwano zeBitcoin.
2. Iinodi zixhumana nezinye iinodi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye zabelana ngolwazi. Umzekelo omnye luluhlu lweetengiselwano ezintsha ezilinde ukuqinisekiswa, olubizwa ngokuba yi-mempool.
3. Iinodi ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke intengiselwano ilandela imithetho yeBitcoin. Ukuba intengiselwano ayivumelekanga, inodi iyayikhaba.

Iinodi zikwanceda iinodi ezintsha ukuba zize kwinethiwekhi ngokwabelana nge-blockchain nazo. Nangona kunjalo, inodi nganye entsha isaqinisekisa yonke imithetho ngokuzimeleyo.

Nabani na angasebenzisa inodi ngokufaka isoftware efana neBitcoin Core aze ekhuphele i-blockchain. Xa sele isetelwe, inodi iyaqhubeka ifumana iibhloko ezintsha malunga nemizuzu eli-10 yonke kwaye iyazijonga phambi kokuzongeza kwikopi yayo ye-blockchain.

Ukusebenzisa inodi kunceda ukwenza inethiwekhi yeBitcoin ikhuseleke ngakumbi kwaye ingaphantsi kolawulo lomntu omnye, kuba abantu abaninzi bazimele ekuqinisekiseni inkqubo.

Yintoni iNodi yeBitcoin?

Injongo yokumba ayisosidalwa sebitcoin entsha; oko yinkqubo yokuvuzwa. Ukumba yindlela eqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweBitcoin ngokungaphantsi kolawulo lomntu omnye.
Andreas M. Antonopoulos

Abagcini-migodi baqokelela iintengiselwano ezingekaqinisekiswa, benze ibhloko, baze basebenzise amandla ukufumana isitshixo esongeza kwaye sikhusele ibhloko.

Abagcini-migodi bayakhuphisana ukuze bongeze ibhloko elandelayo yeentengiselwano kwi-blockchain. Ukuze bakwenze oku, kufuneka bafumane inani elikhethekileyo elenza i-hash yebhloko evumelekileyo. Ungayicinga ngathi kukukhangela isitshixo esifanelekileyo phakathi kwezigidi zeendlela. Umgodi wokuqala ofumana i-hash efanelekileyo uphumelela ukhuphiswano aze afumane ilungelo lokongeza ibhloko yakhe kwi-blockchain.

Xa umgodi efumana i-hash evumelekileyo, wabelana ngebhloko yakhe nenethiwekhi. Abanye abagcini-migodi bayayijonga ngokukhawuleza ukuba isisombululo silungile. Ukuba kunjalo, ibhloko yongezwa kwi-blockchain, nto leyo enceda ukugcina irekhodi loluntu leBitcoin likhuselekile.

Abagcini-migodi bafumana i-bitcoin ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Imivuzo yebhloko: I-bitcoin entsha idalwa kwaye inikwa umgodi ophumelele ukongeza ibhloko kwi-blockchain.
• Imirhumo yeentengiselwano: Xa abantu bethumela i-bitcoin, bafaka imirhumo emincinci. Umgodi ongeze ibhloko ufumana imirhumo evela kwiintengiselwano ezikwelo bhloko.

Ukuhla kwemivuzo yeBitcoin

Imivuzo yabagcini-migodi yokugqiba ibhloko enye iyehla ngesiqingatha rhoqo kwiibhloko ezingama-210,000, malunga neminyaka emine.

I-Bitcoin inenani eliphezulu elimisiweyo le-21,000,000 bitcoin, kodwa azizange zidaliwe zonke xa iBitcoin yaqala. Endaweni yoko, i-bitcoin entsha ingeniswa kancinci kancinci ekusebenzisweni ngokusebenzisa ukumba.

Xa abagcini-migodi bephumelele ukongeza ibhloko entsha yeentengiselwano kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin, bafumana umvuzo webhloko kwi-bitcoin. Ngemihla yokuqala yeBitcoin, lo mvuzo wawuyi-50 bitcoin kwibhloko nganye. Lo mvuzo wakhuthaza abantu ukuba basebenzise amandla ekhompyutha nombane ukunceda ukukhusela inethiwekhi.

Malunga neebhloko ezingama-210,000 (malunga neminyaka emi-4), umvuzo webhloko uyancitshiswa ngesiqingatha. Lo msitho ubizwa ngokuba ngokwehla. Ukuhla kunciphisa isantya sokudala i-bitcoin entsha kwaye kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba inani elipheleleyo alisoze lidlule izigidi ezingama-21. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kwenza i-bitcoin ibe yinto enqabileyo ngakumbi.

Inani elijikelezayo libhekisa kwinani elipheleleyo lemali ekhoyo. KwiBitcoin, inani elijikelezayo libonisa inani leemali ezisele zikhutshwe kwaye zisetyenziswa nangaliphi na ixesha.

I ishedyuli yokubonelela ngeBitcoin yicwangciso esele imisiwe kwaye esesidlangalaleni yokukhutshwa kwe-bitcoin entsha ekusebenzisweni, eyilelwe ukugcina ukunqaba kweBitcoin ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Emva komsitho ngamnye wokwehla, umvuzo we-bitcoin ofunyanwa ngabagcini-migodi xa bongeza ibhloko uyancitshiswa ngesiqingatha. Oku kunciphisa isantya sokudala i-bitcoin entsha.

Abagcini-migodi basafumana imirhumo yeentengiselwano ezikwibhloko abayigcinileyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le mirhumo kulindeleke ukuba ibe yinxalenye enkulu yengeniso yabo.

Iihalvingi zifakwe ngaphakathi kwi protocol yeBitcoin kwaye zenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo malunga minyaka emine. Ngenxa yoku, ishedyuli yokubonelelwa kweBitcoin iyacacile kwaye iyabonakala.

Itshathi ibonisa iihalvingi ezizayo, kubandakanya umhla oqikelelweyo, inombolo yebhloko xa zenzeka, umvuzo omtsha webhloko, kunye nepesenti yonikezelo olupheleleyo lwebitcoin eya kuba sele igodliwe.

Njengoko iBitcoin igodliwayo, inani elijikelezayo liyaqhubeka likhula de kufikelelwe kubuninzi obungu-21,000,000 beeBitcoin, okulindeleke ukuba kufike ngo-2140. Kuba iBitcoin entsha iyenziwa kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuba imfuno iyanda, ixabiso leBitcoin linokunyuka. Oku kukwakhuthaza abavukuzi ukuba baqhubeke bekhusela inethiwekhi ngokunikela ngamandla abo okusebenza.

Yintoni i-hash yebhloko esebenzayo kwiBitcoin?

KwiBitcoin, abavukuzi bayakhuphisana ukufumana ikhowudi ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hash yebhloko. Le khowudi ichaza ibhloko yeentengiselwano kwaye ivumela ukuba yongezwe kwi-blockchain.

Ibhloko nganye iqulethe ulwazi malunga neentengiselwano zakutshanje kwaye ikwabandakanya i-hash yebhloko yangaphambili. Oku kudibanisa zonke iibhloko, kwakha ikhonkco ukusuka kwibhloko yokuqala (iGenesis Block) ukuya kweyamva nje.

I-hash isebenza njenge-mphawu yedijithali yedatha ekwibhloko. Ukuba naluphi na ulwazi kwibhloko lutshintshiwe, uphawu luyatshintsha nalo. Oku kwenza kube lula kuye nabani na ukuqinisekisa ukuba imbali yeentengiselwano kwi-blockchain ayitshintshwanga kwaye kunceda ukukhusela inethiwekhi.

USatoshi Nakamoto, umdali weBitcoin, wavukuza iGenesis Block, eyavula iBitcoin ezingama-50.

Ukhuphiswano lokuVukuza iBhloko

Abavukuzi bayakhuphisana ukufumana i-hash yebhloko esebenzayo. Umvukuzi wokuqala ukufumana enye unelungelo lokongeza ibhloko entsha kwi-blockchain aze afumane umvuzo weBitcoin.

Ukuze ibe semthethweni, i-hash yebhloko kufuneka ibe sezantsi kunenani elimiselwe yinethiwekhi elibizwa ngokuba yi-difficulty target. Kuba ii-hash zenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga, abavukuzi kufuneka baqhubeke bezama iindlela ezahlukeneyo de bafumane enye esebenzayo.

Ukuba abavukuzi baninzi bekhuphisana, iibhloko ziya kufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuba abavukuzi bambalwa bathatha inxaxheba, iibhloko ziya kuthatha ixesha elide ukufunyanwa. Ukuze inkqubo iqhube kakuhle, iBitcoin ilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo inqanaba lobunzima rhoqo kwiibhloko ezingama-2,016 (malunga neveki ezimbini).

Olu lungiso luqinisekisa ukuba, ngokomndilili, ibhloko entsha yongezwa kwi-blockchain malunga nemizuzu eli-10.

Inqanaba lobunzima kwimigodi yeBitcoin lilinganisa ubunzima bokufumana i-hash yebhloko esebenzayo. Inethiwekhi ilungisa obu bunzima rhoqo kwiibhloko ezingama-2,016 (malunga neveki ezimbini) ukuze iibhloko ezintsha zongezwe kwi-blockchain malunga nemizuzu eli-10. Okukhona bunzima buphezulu, kokukhona kunzima kubavukuzi ukufumana i-hash esebenzayo.

Ngokufumana i-hash yebhloko esebenzayo, umvukuzi ubonisa ukuba wenze umsebenzi ofunekayo wokongeza ibhloko entsha kwi-blockchain. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Proof of Work (PoW). Yindlela yokhuseleko evumela iBitcoin ukuqinisekisa iintengiselwano nokongeza iibhloko ezintsha kwi-blockchain. Umvukuzi ofumana i-hash esebenzayo kuqala ufumana umvuzo kwiBitcoin, oquka umvuzo webhloko kunye neefizi zeentengiselwano ezikwibhloko leyo.

IProof of Work (PoW) inceda ukukhusela iBitcoin ngokwenza kube kubiza kakhulu ukuba nabani na azame ukukopela okanye athathe ulawulo lwenethiwekhi. Endaweni yoko, kunenzuzo enkulu ukulandela imithetho.

Abavukuzi badlala indima ezine eziphambili:

1. Qokelela iintengiselwano: Abavukuzi bakhetha iintengiselwano ezithunyelwe kwinethiwekhi baze bazibeke kwibhloko enokubakho.
2. Yenza iProof of Work: Abavukuzi bayakhuphisana ukusombulula iphazili enzima yezibalo ngokufumana i-hash yebhloko esebenzayo.
3. Sasaza ibhloko: Umgodi wokuqala ukufumana isisombululo esisebenzayo wabelana ngebhloko entsha nenethiwekhi.
4. Fumana imivuzo: Ukuba ibhloko isemthethweni, yongezwa kwi-blockchain kwaye umgodi ufumana i-bitcoin entsha eyenziweyo kunye nemirhumo yokuthengiselana.

Abagodi abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela bazama ukwenza ibhloko elandelayo ngexesha elinye. Xa umgodi omnye efumana isisombululo esisebenzayo, inethiwekhi ijonga ibhloko. Ukuba yonke into ichanekile, yongezwa kwi-blockchain. Ezinye iibhloko ezikhuphisana nazo ziyalahlwa. Le nkqubo igcina inethiwekhi ivumelana kwaye ithintele ukuphindaphinda kokuchitha imali.

• Abagodi ziikhompyutha eziluncedo ekugcineni nasekuhlaziyeni incwadi yeencwadi yeBitcoin.
• Baquka ukuthengiselana baze bazidibanise zibe yibhloko. Emva koko, bayigqithisa idatha yebhloko kwialgorithm yokuhashisha ukuze benze ikhowudi eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-hash.
• Abagodi baphinda le nkqubo amaxesha amaninzi, befuna i-hash ehambelana nemigaqo yeBitcoin. Umgodi wokuqala ukufumana i-hash esebenzayo ufumana i-bitcoin entsha njengomvuzo, kwaye ibhloko yakhe yongezwa kwi-blockchain.
• I-hash yebhloko nganye ikwadibanisa kwibhloko yangaphambili. Ukuba umntu uzama ukutshintsha ukuthengiselana kwixesha elidlulileyo, ii-hash azisayi kufana, kwaye inethiwekhi iya kulahla ikhonkco eliguquliweyo. Le nto igcina incwadi yeencwadi yeBitcoin ikhuselekile.

I-mempool, igama elifutshane elithetha “memory pool,” ifana negumbi lokulinda leentengiselwano zeBitcoin. Xa uthumela i-bitcoin, intengiselwano yakho iqala ngokusasazwa kwinethiwekhi kwaye ibekwe kwi-mempool.

Ungayicinga njengokulinda emgqeni kwindawo yokutyela. Igama lakho libhalwa kuluhlu, uze ulinde ide kufumaneke itafile. Ngokufanayo, intengiselwano yakho ilinda kwi-mempool ide umgodi wayo ayifake kwibhloko.

Iinodi zeBitcoin zihlola intengiselwano nganye entsha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ivumelekile kwaye i-bitcoin esetyenziswayo ayikaze isetyenziswe ngaphambili. Ukuba intengiselwano ivumelekile, ihlala kwi-mempool ide iqinisekiswe.

Abagodi bakhetha iintengiselwano kwi-mempool baze bazifake kwiibhloko ezintsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintengiselwano ezineemali zenkonzo eziphezulu zikhethwa kuqala.

Xa intengiselwano ifakwe kwibhloko, iqinisekisiwe kwaye igcinwa ngonaphakade kwi-blockchain yeBitcoin.

Umsebenzi: Ukuhlola iMempool

Lo msebenzi wazisa abafundi kwisixhobo sasimahla nesivulekileyo esingafuni zakhono zobugcisa ukuze sisetyenziswe. Sisebenziseka kubo bonke abasebenzisi beBitcoin, ukusuka kwabasaqalayo ukuya kwabanezakhono.

Amanqaku Aphambili

1. Mempool ibhekisa kuluhlu lweetengiselwano ezingekaqinisekiswa ezigcinwa yiyo yonke i-node yeBitcoin, hayi inkonzo ethile okanye iqonga elithile.
2. Akukho mempool enye, jikelele. I-Mempool.space yenye yezininzi.
3. Mempool.space ivulekile kwaye yaziwa ngokuba ngumkhangeli webhloko olula ukuyisebenzisa. Inika idatha ngexesha langempela yeentengiselwano ezingekaqinisekiswa, amaxabiso eemali zenkonzo, kunye neminye imisebenzi yenethiwekhi.

Icebiso Labafundi

I-Mempool.space yenza okungakumbi kunokubonisa iibhloko. Hlola nezinye iindawo zehlabathi leBitcoin: umzekelo, i-Lightning, imigodi, i-hash rate, iipuli, kunye ne "goggles" zesithuba sebhloko.

Ngoku ukuba uyayiqonda imfihlo yoluntu kunye neyabucala, kunye neendima zeenod kunye nabavukuzi, nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo intengiselwano yeBitcoin ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni.

1. Adam ufuna ukuthumela i-bitcoin kuSipho. Uqulunqa intengiselwano enedilesi kaSipho, isixa sokuthumela, kunye nemali yomrhumo.
2. Adam usayina intengiselwano ngesisitshixo sakhe sabucala ukuze abonise ubunini.
3. Uyisasaza intengiselwano kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin.
4. Iinod ziyifumana kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba ilandela imithetho, kuquka ukuqinisekisa utyikityo kunye nokuba uAdam une-bitcoin eyaneleyo.
5. Ukuba ilungile, intengiselwano yabelwana ngayo kulo lonke uthungelwano kwaye yongezwa kwi-mempool, apho intengiselwano ezilindileyo zihlala khona.
6. Abavukuzi bakhetha iintengiselwano kwi-mempool baze bazifake kwibhloko abazama ukuyivukuza.
7. Xa umvukuzi evukuze ngempumelelo ibhloko, yabelwana ngayo kwinethiwekhi kwaye ijongwa zezinye iinod.
8. Ukuba ilungile, ibhloko yongezwa kwi-blockchain. USipho ufumana i-bitcoin.
9. Njengoko iibhloko ezininzi zongezwa, intengiselwano ifumana iziqinisekiso, iyenza ikhuseleke ngakumbi.

Xa sele ifakwe kwibhloko, intengiselwano iqinisekisiwe. UAdam akakwazi ukuphinda asebenzise loo bitcoin, kwaye uSipho angayisebenzisa le ayifumeneyo kwintengiselwano entsha.

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