Liphi Ikamva Elinokwakhiwa YiBitcoin?

I-Bitcoin ayisiyongemali kuphela; yinguqu enkulu ebuyisela amandla ebantwini, inika incasa yoxolo nenkululeko kwihlabathi elilambileyo lamandla.
My First Bitcoin

Kule modyuli yokugqibela, siza kushwankathela izifundo esizifundileyo kulo hambo lwethu, sibuze kwaye sixoxe ngemibuzo emininzi ebalulekileyo, kwaye siphonononge ikamva le-Bitcoin.

I-Bitcoin ayisiyotekhnoloji kuphela; yinkqubo edibanisa abantu enika uhlobo olutsha lwemali apho unikezelo lwayo alunakutshintshwa nangubani na. Uluntu alukaze lube nemali enikezelo olungatshintshiyo kwaye ingenalo ulawulo oluphakathi. Ukuba yamkelwe ngokubanzi, i-Bitcoin sisixhobo esinokuvula intshukumo yotshintsho oluhle olunokuguqula ubomi babantu kwihlabathi liphela. Imela uguquko oluxolileyo olukhokelela kwinkululeko kunye nokulingana, ivula amathuba amatsha kuluntu ngokudala inkqubo yemali esetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela.

Njengenkqubo yehlabathi engaphantsi kolawulo lwabantu abaninzi, i-Bitcoin ivumela inkululeko enkulu kwezemali, iguqula amandla isuka kubambalwa iye kubaninzi. Inika iqonga elikhuselekileyo, elingavinjwanga lokugcina nokuthumela ixabiso, inika abantu amandla okulawula ubutyebi babo nokukhusela amandla okuthenga. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yezoqoqosho engazinzanga yanamhlanje, apho inkqubo yemali yesintu ijongene nemingeni engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.

Okulandelayo, siza kujonga olunye uhlobo lwemali yedijithali olubizwa ngokuba yi-Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) kwaye sihlalutye indlela efana ngayo ne-Bitcoin kunye nendlela eyahlukileyo ngayo.

Iimali zeBhanki Ephakathi zeDijithali, okanye iiCBDC, ziinguqulelo zedijithali zemali eqhelekileyo ye-fiat. IiCBDC zilandela imigaqo efanayo nemali ye-fiat, apho igunya eliphakathi (njengurhulumente) linokwandisa inani lemali ngokuzimeleyo, nto leyo enciphisa amandla abantu okuthenga. Nangona kunjalo, iiCBDC zikwanika oorhulumente izixhobo ezintsha nezomeleleyo zokulawula indlela le mali isetyenziswa ngayo ngabantu kwihlabathi lonke.

Ngokophando lweHuman Rights Foundation (HRF), amazwe angama-134 kunye nemibutho yemali, emele iipesenti ezingama-98 zeGDP yehlabathi, aphanda malunga neCBDC. NgoMeyi ka-2020 elo nani lalingama-35 kuphela. Okwangoku, amazwe angama-66 asekwinqanaba eliphambili lophando—uphuhliso, uvavanyo, okanye ukumiliselwa. Wonke ilizwe leG20 liphanda ngeCBDC, kwaye ali-19 kuwo asekwinqanaba eliphambili lophando lweCBDC.

Ungajonga ukuba ilizwe lakho lizama iiCBDC kwi-CBDC tracker yeHuman Rights Foundation apha cbdctracker.hrf.org okanye cbdctracker.org

Ke, ngaphandle kokuba zedijithali, yintoni eyenza iiCBDC zahluke kwimali ye-fiat eqhelekileyo? Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba, ngokungafaniyo nemali ye-fiat eqhelekileyo efana nephepha okanye iinkozo zemali, iiCBDC zivumela urhulumente ukuba abukele aze alawule zonke iintengiselwano kwihlabathi lonke ngendlela yedijithali. Oku kuthetha ukuba urhulumente angayimisa intengiselwano ethile okanye ade avale iakhawunti yakho yonke ukuba engakuthandi okanye engayithandi indlela osebenzisa ngayo imali yakho.

Umzekelo, khawucinge ukuba ufuna ukuthumela imali kumntu osapho lwakho kwilizwe elifuna uncedo, kodwa urhulumente wakho uyala intengiselwano yakho kuba engavumelani neenkokeli zaloo lizwe. Okanye ucinge uhamba uye evenkileni ukuthenga into oyithandayo, kodwa awukwazi kuba uthethe uluvo lwakho ngokukhululekileyo kwimidiya yoluntu.

Okwangoku, uninzi lwemali ye-fiat esetyenziswa ngoku sele iyidijithali — umahluko kukuba ziibhanki ezahlukeneyo ezinokubukela kwaye zivimbe iintengiselwano, kwaye kuphela ezo zidlula kwiakhawunti zabo. Sekunjalo, imizekelo yokuvinjelwa kweentengiselwano efana nale ingentla sele yenzekile kwaye iyaqhubeka kwilizwe ezininzi, yenziwa ziibhanki kodwa rhoqo phantsi komyalelo worhulumente ophakathi.

IiCBDC, nangona kunjalo, zinika oorhulumente ulawulo olukhulu ngendlela imali esetyenziswa ngayo kummandla wabo, nto leyo enciphisa amandla abantu okuchitha ngokukhululekileyo. Abanye bathi iiCBDC zinokwenza oorhulumente bakwazi ukuphoqelela imigaqo yabo kwangoko, ngaphandle kokuba kubekho umntu ophumeza oko. Endaweni yokusebenzisana neebhanki ezininzi, banokulandelela baze bavimbe ukuhamba kwemali kwilizwe labo ngokukhawuleza.

Zombini iiCBDC kunye neBitcoin zedijithali kodwa, ngaphandle kolu faneko, zimele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemali kunye neefilosofi ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezahlukeneyo.

KwiZifundo 5 no-8, safumanisa ukuba abantu abaqhuba i-node banegalelo ekukhuseleni imithetho ye-Bitcoin. Oku kubalulekile kuba, okokuqala ngqa, abantu abafana nathi banokuthatha inxaxheba kwinethiwekhi eqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yenkqubo yethu yemali ikhuselekile. Le mithetho ibandakanya umda wokubakho kwemali, kwaye akukho qela linokutshintsha le mithetho lodwa. Lithuba elikhethekileyo kubantu abaqhelekileyo ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekukhuseleni imali yethu ukuba ikhuselekile kwaye ithembekile.

Ifilosofi ye-Bitcoin imele amandla, inkululeko, ukuzimela kwezezimali, ukucinga okunzulu, kunye nokuzimela — umbono wokuba sonke sifanele sibe nelizwi kwimigaqo yenkqubo esiyikhethayo. Ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo ye-fiat elawulwa ngamaqela anamandla aphakathi, i-Bitcoin isekelwe kwinethiwekhi apho akukho qela linolawulo olupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mntu unokuthatha impahla yakho okanye akuthintele ekusebenziseni imali yakho ngendlela oyifunayo. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-CBDC's zisenza oku kanye.

Kwihlabathi le-fiat, ukuba nemali eninzi kuthetha ukuba unempembelelo enkulu nolawulo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-Bitcoin isasaza amandla ngokulinganayo kubantu. Yinzame yeqela apho wonke umntu, nokuba unemali engakanani, udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo. Yicinge njengamandla adibeneyo, apho amandla akho ezemali awathethi ukuba unempembelelo enkulu ngokuzenzekelayo. I-Bitcoin yakhiwe kwimigaqo engatshintshiyo, kwaye kule ntsebenziswano, ngathi uluntu ngokwalo lulawula inkqubo. Akukho babalulekileyo abambalwa abenza izigqibo — sonke sisebenza kunye njengoluntu olomeleleyo, silawula indlela ye-Bitcoin ngaphandle kokuba iguqulwe ligunya elinye.

Ngelixa kwinkqubo ye-fiat abanamandla bechaza imithetho, kwi-Bitcoin yigalelo elongeziweyo labantu ngamnye eligcina inethiwekhi isebenza. Akukho sishishini, nokuba sinemali okanye sinamandla kangakanani, sinokuchaza indlela i-Bitcoin eya kuyithatha. Le yindlela entsha yokwabiwa kwamandla, apho amandla enkqubo akusezandleni zabambalwa kodwa asezandleni zamandla adibeneyo wabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.

Ingcamango ephambili kukudala inkqubo ekhuselekileyo, ecacileyo, nefanelekileyo apho wonke umntu anokufikelela, anokuyilawula, kwaye asebenzise imali yehlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungubani okanye uphi.

Ukuzihlola: Unelungelo lokulawula imali yakho?

1. Ngaba ukufikelela kwimali yimfuneko yomntu kunye nelungelo lomntu? Kutheni?
2. Ukuba awukwazi ukusebenzisa imali yakho ngendlela oyifunayo, ukuyithumela kubani na ofuna, okanye ukuyithatha xa usiya kwelinye ilizwe, ingaba yeyakho ngokwenene? Kutheni?
3. Kutheni ukurhweba ngezinto kwaphela ukusetyenziswa? Yintoni ingxaki yokufuna izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye?
4. Kutheni kubalulekile ukuqonda i-Nixon shock kunye nendlela esisasebenza ngayo nanamhlanje?
5. Yiyiphi enye into yembali esiyifundileyo echaphazele kakhulu kuwe?
6. Imali enomda wokubakho yahluke njani kwiimali zemveli ze-fiat?
7. I-Bitcoin yadalwa nini, ngubani, kwaye yadalelwa ntoni? Ingcamango yenkqubo esekwe kuluntu inegalelo njani kule njongo?
8. Zeziphi izinto ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka uzicingele phakathi kwe-wallet egcinwe ngomntu wesithathu kunye ne-wallet ozilawulayo? Yeyiphi i-wallet oyithandayo?
9. Yintoni oyaziyo nge-Lightning Network? Zeziphi iintengiselwano ongayisebenzisa kuzo?
10. Ngaba ukuqhuba i-node yakho kunceda njani inethiwekhi?
11. Ukulawula imali yakho kukunika amandla njani kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla nakwimicwangciso yakho yekamva?
12. Ngaziphi iindlela inkululeko yezezimali enokuphucula amandla akho okunikela kakuhle kuluntu lwakho okanye eluntwini?

Hyperbitcoinization ibhekisa kwikamva elicingelwayo apho iBitcoin iye yaba yinkqubo yemali ephambili kwihlabathi lonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba iBitcoin isetyenziswa ngumntu wonke, naphi na, nakuzo zonke izinto — ukusuka ekuthengeni ikofu ukuya ekuhlawuleni iibhili, kwanokuthenga ipropati. Umdla okhulayo kwiBitcoin phakathi kwabantu ngabanye, amashishini, kwanurhulumente ugqamisa impembelelo enokubakho yokwamkelwa kwayo ngokubanzi kuqoqosho lwehlabathi noluntu.

Nazi ezinye zeenzuzo zehlabathi elisebenza ngokupheleleyo ngeBitcoin:

Ikamva Lokuzimela Ngokwakho

Ikamva lokuzimela ngokwakho lithetha ukuba abantu kwihlabathi lonke banolawulo olupheleleyo kwisazisi sabo sedijithali kunye neempahla zabo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni abantu abaninzi bafumane ithuba lokungena kwinkqubo yezezimali, inkululeko, ubumfihlo, nokhuseleko, ngaloo ndlela kuncedisa ekuphuculeni impilo yoluntu, ubutyebi, nolonwabo ngokubanzi.

Indlela Ethembekileyo Yokugcina Ixabiso

Ukungabikho kweBitcoin ngokwedijithali kuyenza ibe yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokugcina ixabiso ixesha elide, nto leyo ekhuthaza abantu abaninzi ukuba bayisebenzise njengendlela yokugcina imali yabo yekamva.

Utshintsho Kwinqununu-mali

Ukuba iBitcoin ingamkelwa ngokubanzi, inokususa amandla oorhulumente okwandisa inani lemali esetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zemali zemveli. Ukwamkelwa kweBitcoin ngokubanzi kunokunyusa amandla okuthenga kwabantu kwaye kukhuthaze uluntu ukuba lujolise ekucingeni ixesha elide kunokukhawuleza.

Ukucaca Nokulandeleka Okuphuculweyo

Irekhodi elingaguqukiyo nelingenakutshintshwa leentengiselwano zonke kwi-blockchain liza kunyusa ukucaca nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo kumashishini nakwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Okwangoku, amaziko anamandla anako ukuhambisa izigidi zeerandi kwihlabathi lonke ngaphandle kokubonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba ezi mali ziya phi okanye zisetyenziswa njani. Ngokubonelela ngerekhodi evulekileyo nethembekileyo yeentengiselwano zezezimali, iBitcoin ingaqinisekisa ukuba ukuhamba kwemali kuba kukhangeleka ngakumbi kuluntu.

Uguquko Kwimarike Yothumelo-mali

Imarike yothumelo-mali ibandakanya ukudluliselwa kwemali ukusuka kumntu omnye ukuya komnye, rhoqo phakathi kwamazwe. Nangona iindleko ziye zehla, ukuthumela imali kusebiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nothutho lwemali lwasekhaya, ngakumbi kwiimali ezincinci. I-Lightning Network inika ukuthengiselana okukhawulezayo, okungabizi kakhulu kwihlabathi lonke, nto leyo eyenza ilungele imarike yothumelo-mali kwaye isombulule iingxaki ezinxulumene neendleko eziphezulu, ixesha elide lokuhlala kwemali, kunye nemida yexesha lokusebenza kwamashishini.

Amandla Amaninzi

Xa kukho amandla amaninzi angabizi, uluntu luyaphumelela, kwaye amashishini noluntu banako ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhula rhoqo yamandla ezindlu, amashishini, kunye netekhnoloji entsha. Ukumba iBitcoin kukhuthaza abavukuzi ukuba basebenzise amandla angasetyenziswanga awayeza kulahleka, avela kwimithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga, umoya, namanzi. Abavukuzi beBitcoin banokusebenzisa la mandla angabizi ukwenza iBitcoin entsha ngokumba, bakhusele inethiwekhi, baze babuyisele amandla angaphezulu abawavelisayo kwigridi yamandla xa efuneka luluntu.

Imali inceda abantu ukuba banxibelelane malunga nezona zenzo, iimpahla, kunye neenkonzo zibalulekileyo kuluntu. Xa imali ilawulwa ngamagunya aphakathi, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuphathwa gwenxa.

Enye yeempazamo abantu abasoloko beziphinda kwimbali kukungenelela kwimarike yasimahla, njengokuphathwa gwenxa kwemali, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi abantu ngabanye, iintsapho, amashishini, kwaye ekugqibeleni nempumelelo yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela.

Ngokuthabatha ulawulo lwemali ezandleni zamagunya aphakathi kwaye sisebenzise imali enobuninzi obusisigxina engenakutshintshwa naliliphi iqela, sinokudala ihlabathi elahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo — apho asisafuni ukuthembela kwizopolitiko ukuba benze into elungileyo, kuba ukwenza into engalunganga sele kubiza kakhulu kwaye kunzima.

Eli lihlaba elitsha ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye unako ukuba yinxalenye yokudala le nyani. Ngokusebenzisa iBitcoin, uqhuba eyakho i-node, kwaye unceda abanye abantu bafunde ngakumbi ngekamva lemali, uvota kwelinye ihlabathi.

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