Awukho apha ukuzisa umxholo. Uphakathi apha ukuvuselela umdla wokufuna ukwazi.

Esi Sikhokelo soTitshala sikhona ukukuxhasa ekukhokeleni abafundi kwiincoko ezibalulekileyo ngemali, amandla, nenkululeko. Kodwa wena wenza ukuba oku kube yinyani. Asikokhokelo olu. Asiyiyo inkqubo yemfundo. Nguwe.

Oku asikokubhalwa kwencoko. Asiyomyalelo ongqongqo. Sisixhobo sokucinga kunye nawe. Kwiimodyuli ezili-10, uya kufumana izifundo, isikhokelo sexesha, imibuzo yencoko, kunye neenkcukacha ngeendawo eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukudideka, ezithathwe kwiiklasi zokwenyani nakutitshala abanamava. Sebenzisa ezi zixhobo njengamathuluzi, hayi imiqobo.

Uyabazi abafundi bakho kunye nemeko okuyo. Uyazi ukuba yintoni eya kubachukumisa, eya kubavusa, kwaye nini kufuneka uqhube okanye ume kancinci. Uyaqonda ubomi bokwenyani obuphila abafundi bakho kunye neendlela abacinga ngazo. Lungisa izinto. Yenza ezakho.

Esikufundisayo kukucinga, hayi ukuba bacinge ntoni. Asimalunga neempendulo, kodwa ngemibuzo. Kutheni imali inexabiso? Ngubani ogqiba? Kwenzeka ntoni xa iinkqubo zisilela? Utitshala onamandla wenza indawo yokuba abafundi baphande, baphikise, baze benze izigqibo zabo.

Uyinxalenye yomzamo omkhulu. NgeNethiwekhi yeMfundo, udityaniswe nootitshala abavela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Uya kubona indlela izifundo eziguquka ngayo, indlela abafundi abaphendula ngayo, kunye nendlela izimvo ezakhiwa ngayo kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Le yinkqubo yokufunda kunye nokuphucula ngokudibeneyo.

Sinikezela ngesakhiwo, izixhobo, nenkxaso. Kodwa okona kubalulekileyo: themba isigqibo sakho.

Abafundi bakho bazakufumana iinkqubo abangazikhethanga. Uninzi sele luziveleleyo iziphumo zazo. Lo msebenzi ubanceda baqonde kwaye babuze ngemiba yezo nkqubo, kwaye babone ukuba zinokuhlolwa, ziphikiswe, kwaye zitshintshwe.

Lo ngumsebenzi onzulu. Phatha ngolo hlobo.

Themba inkqubo. Themba abafundi bakho. Zithembeke.

Phambi kokuba Uqale

Yintoni le ncwadana isetyenziselwa yona?

Le ncwadana ikunceda ukufundisa iDiploma ye-My First Bitcoin ngokucacileyo, ngokuzithemba, nangokuguquguquka. Inika ulungelelwaniso, iingcebiso zokufundisa, inkxaso yokucwangcisa ixesha, kunye neengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokukunceda ukhokele iklasi kakuhle.

Ngaba kufuneka ndifunde yonke incwadana phambi kokufundisa?

Hayi. Kodwa kufuneka ubuncinane ufunde intshayelelo, isingeniso, kunye nesahluko oza kusifundisa. Ukutsiba yonke into uthembele ethamsanqeni asiyiyo indlela eyomeleleyo.

Ngaba le ncwadana yinkqubo yokuthetha?

Hayi. Sisixhobo sokuxhasa, hayi inkqubo yokuthetha. Awulindelekanga ukuba uyifunde igama negama phambi kwabafundi.

Ngaba kufuneka ndibe yingcali kwiBitcoin ukuze ndisebenzise le ncwadana?

Hayi. Kodwa kufuneka uzilungiselele kakuhle, uqonde iingcamango eziphambili zesahluko, kwaye uthethe inyaniso malunga nezinto ozaziyo nezingaziyo.

Kuthekani xa abafundi bebuzwa umbuzo endingakwazi ukuwuphendula?

Yithethe ngokucacileyo. Musa ukuzama ukuxoka. Bhala phantsi umbuzo, ubuyele kuwo kamva, kwaye usebenzise eli thuba ukubonisa ukuthembeka kwengqondo.

Ngaba kufuneka ndifundise yonke into kanye njengoko ibhaliwe?

Hayi. Iingcamango eziphambili kunye neenjongo zokufunda kufuneka zihlale zingatshintshanga, kodwa imizekelo yakho, imisebenzi, indlela yokuhamba, kunye nendlela yokuhambisa unokuyilungisa ngokwemeko yakho.

Malunga ne-Open Source

Ngaba le nto ivulelekile (open source)?

Ewe. Oko kuthetha ukuba yenzelwe ukwabelwana, ukusetyenziswa, ukuphuculwa, nokulungiswa endaweni yokugcinwa ifihlakele.

Ngaba ndingakopa okanye ndilungise amacandelo encwadana?

Ewe, ngaphakathi kwemigaqo yelayisensi. I-Open source ayithethi ukusetyenziswa ngokungenangqondo. Ithetha ukusetyenziswa ngokuxandileyo, ukulungisa, kunye nokunikela.

Kutheni i-open source ibalulekile apha?

Kuba imfundo kufuneka ifikeleleke, iphuculwe, kwaye ingalawulwa liqela elincinci labagcini-masango. I-Open source ivumela ootitshala abaninzi bafundise, bavavanye, baphucule, kwaye balungelelanise imathiriyali.

Malunga nokuguquguquka

Ngaba ndingayilungiselela ilizwe lam, isikolo, okanye uluntu lwam?

Ewe. Enyanisweni, kufuneka wenze njalo. Imizekelo yasekuhlaleni, imbali yasekuhlaleni, iingxaki zemali zasekuhlaleni, kunye namava abafundi basekuhlaleni zibalulekile.

Ngaba oku kungafundiswa kwi-intanethi okanye ebusweni?

Ewe. Incwadana yenzelwe ukuxhasa ukufundisa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kungafuneka ulungelelanise kancinci kuxhomekeke kwindlela ofundisa ngayo, ubungakanani beqela, kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo.

Ngaba ndinganciphisa okanye ndandise imisebenzi?

Ewe, logama nje isifundo sisafikelela kwinjongo ephambili. Musa ukusika kakhulu de iklasi ilahlekelwe yinjongo yayo.

Kuthekani ukuba abafundi bam bancinci, badala, bathule, banamandla, okanye baphantsi kunokuba bendilindele?

Lungisa indlela yakho, imizekelo, kunye nesantya. Ukufundisa kakuhle kuphendula kubafundi abaphambi kwakho, hayi kwiklasi egqibeleleyo engabonakaliyo.

Malunga neNcwadana Ngokwayo

Ngaba le ncwadana igqibelele kwaye iphelele?

Hayi. Iyanceda, kodwa ayigqibelelanga. Akukho ncwadana igqibeleleyo.

Kutheni amanye amacandelo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kunezinye?

Kuba ezinye izifundo kulula ukuzifundisa kunezinye, kwaye amanye amacandelo asafuna ukuphuculwa ngakumbi. Le ncwadana sisixhobo sokuxhasa esisebenzayo, hayi incwadi engcwele yokugqibela.

Kuthekani ukuba ndiphawula into engacacanga, ebuthathaka, engekho, okanye engahambi kakuhle?

Kulungile. Oko kuthetha ukuba uyabakhathalela abafundi. Bhala phantsi kwaye wabelane ngengxelo ukuze imathiriyali iphucuke ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Ngaba incwadana ithatha indawo yokugweba kotitshala?

Hayi. Ukugweba kwakho kusabalulekile. Incwadana inokuxhasa ukufundisa kakuhle, kodwa ayinakuthatha indawo yokulungiselela, ukulalela, okanye ukuqonda okuqhelekileyo.

Imibuzo Esebenzayo

Yintoni endifanele ndiyenze phambi kweklasi?

Funda isahluko, jonga izixhobo, qonda injongo yesifundo, kwaye ucinge apho abafundi banokuthi banqabe khona.

Yintoni endifanele ndigxile kuyo kakhulu?

Ukucaca, isantya, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabafundi, kunye nokuba abafundi bayayiqonda na ingcamango enkulu.

Kuthekani ukuba ndinexesha elincinci?

Nika ingqwalasela kwinjongo ephambili yesifundo. Kungcono ukufundisa ingcamango enye ebalulekileyo kakuhle kunokukhawuleza yonke into kakubi.

Yeyiphi indlela ephambili endifanele ndibe nayo njengotitshala?

Yiba ulungile, uzolile, unomdla, kwaye uthethe inyaniso. Umsebenzi wakho ayikokubonisa. Umsebenzi wakho kukunceda abafundi bacinge.

Wamkelekile

Olu xwebhu luyilelwe ukuba lube liqabane lokucinga—hayi iskripthi. Icandelo ngalinye linika ulwakhiwo, ixesha, iinjongo zokufunda, kunye neendlela ezivavanyiweyo eklasini, kodwa umsebenzi wokwenene wokufundisa wenzeka eklasini yakho.

Esi siqalo sikukhokelela kwicandelo ngalinye lesikhokelo soTitshala ukuze uqonde indlela yokusebenzisa into nganye.

Indlela Yokufunda Esi Sikhokelo

Phambi kokuba ungene kwiimodyuli, qonda indlela yokusondela kulo mxwebhu:

• Okokuqala: Funda yonke imodyuli phambi kokungena eklasini ukuze ufumane umbono opheleleyo wendlela yokuhamba kunye nenkqubela yokufunda.
• Ukulungiselela: Gxila kwiNjongo zokuFunda, Izixhobo & neeReshosi, kunye neCandelo lokuLungiselela.
• Ukufundisa: Sebenzisa icandelo leNkqubo njengesiqhelo sakho, kodwa ugcine ingqalelo yakho kubafundi bakho.
• Emva kweklasi: Phonononga 'Oko Kubonakala Kukuhle' kunye 'Ukuba Abafundi Bayasokola' ukuze uthathe amanyathelo alandelayo.
• Ngokuqhubekayo: Njengoko ufundisa, phawula esi sikhokelo. Bhala emacaleni. Phawula oko kusebenze, oko kungasebenzanga, noko utshintshe.

Inqaku ngamava: Ukuba umtsha ekufundiseni esi sifundo, sicebisa ukuba ulandele isikhokelo ngokungqongqo. Ulandelelwano, ixesha, kunye neendlela ziye zavavanywa kwiiklasi zokwenene. Njengoko ufumana amava kunye nokuzithemba, uya kuphuhlisa iingcamango zokulungelelanisa. Zithembeke kuloo kuzithemba—kodwa ziqale zithembe ulwakhiwo.

Ukuqonda Ulwakhiwo lweModyuli

Iinjongo zokuFunda

Ezi zizakhono kunye nokuqonda abafundi ekufuneka bakuphuhlise ukuze baphumelele kwidiploma ye-My First Bitcoin. Zicacile, ziyabonakala, kwaye zixhomekeke kwiziphumo eziphambili zokufunda—ukucinga okunzulu ngeenkqubo, imali, kunye nokukhetha.

Ezi azinakutshintshwa. Umfundi ngamnye ogqiba le modyuli kufuneka afumane ezi ziphumo. I-yintoni kunye kutheni kuhlala kungatshintshi kuyo yonke iklasi nakwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

I-indlela—indlela, imizekelo, ixesha, kunye neendlela zokufundisa—zingatshintshwa kwaye kufuneka zilungelelaniswe nguwe ngokusekelwe kubafundi bakho kunye nemeko. Kodwa indawo ekuyiwa kuyo (iNjongo zokuFunda) iyafana kuye wonke umntu.

Yabelana ngale njongo nabafundi bakho ekuqaleni kwesifundo kwaye uyisebenzise ukukhokela uvavanyo lwakho lonke ixesha.

Ixesha & Ingcamango Ephambili

Imodyuli nganye yenzelwe ukuba ingene kwisifundo esiqhelekileyo semizuzu engama-90. Ingcamango Ephambili sisishwankathelo semgca omnye wento imodyuli ejolise kuyo. Yifunde kuqala ukuze uzilungiselele kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iyahambelana nekharityhulam yakho.

Izixhobo & neeReshosi

Eli candelo lichaza izinto ezifunekayo, amaphepha, izixhobo zedijithali, kunye nemifanekiso efunekayo kwisifundo, kubandakanya nezixhobo ezivela kwi-My First Bitcoin repository. Jonga olu luhlu phambi kweklasi kwaye uqokelele into oyidingayo.

Ukulungiselela

Eli candelo lichaza into omele uyenze phambi kokuba iklasi iqale—imisebenzi yokulungiselela, ukulungiselela engqondweni, okanye ukufunda okungqongqo okuzakunyusa ukuzithemba kwakho ngexesha lesifundo. Thatha oku ngokubaluleka. Imizuzu eli-15 oyichitha ulungiselela umdlalo okanye uphonononga imibuzo yengxoxo iya kukugcina imizuzu engama-30 yokudideka ngexesha lesifundo.

Isifundo: Icandelo leNkqubo

Icandelo leNkqubo yintliziyo yemodyuli. Yahlulwe yangamacandelo anamanani (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, njl.), ngalinye line njongo ecacileyo, indlela, kunye nemiyalelo inyathelo ngenyathelo.

La macandelo ayilwe ukuba alandelane. Icandelo ngalinye lakha kulwazi olufunyenwe kwicandelo elidlulileyo, lwenza inkqubela eya kwiNjongo zokuFunda. Walandele ngokulandelelana ukuze ufumane iziphumo zokufunda ezomeleleyo.

Oko kuthethwayo, xa usazi kakuhle isifundo, unokufumanisa ulandelelwano okanye iindlela ezizezinye ezisebenza kakuhle (okanye ngcono) kubafundi bakho ngelixa usafikelela kwiNjongo zokuFunda. Ukuba ufumana indlela esebenzayo ngakumbi, yisebenzise—kodwa qinisekisa ukuba abafundi basafikelela kwiziphumo ezifunwayo.

Injongo

Kutheni likho eli candelo? Yintoni ukufunda elikuvulayo? Ukuqonda injongo kukuvumela ukuba wazi xa lisebenza kwaye xa kufuneka utshintshe.

Indlela

Indlela ichaza uhlobo lomyalelo: Ingxoxo, Umsebenzi, Ingcaciso, okanye Umdlalo. Indlela nganye ivuselela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo zabafundi.

Ulwakhiwo

Ulwakhiwo lukuxelela indlela abafundi abahleli ngayo: Ikilasi yonke, amaqela amancinci, Cinga–Bini–Yabelana, okanye umsebenzi ngamnye. Ulwakhiwo olwahlukeneyo lusebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo—ingxoxo yeklasi yonke yakha ukuqonda okudibeneyo; amaqela amancinci avumela ukucubungula okunzulu; umsebenzi wobabini unciphisa uxinzelelo. Sebenzisa olu lwakhiwo njengoko luyilwe. Ukuba ingxoxo yeklasi yonke ayihambi kakuhle, yehla uye kubabini. Ukuba amaqela amancinci athatha ixesha elininzi, buyisela wonke umntu kunye imizuzu emi-2 yokushwankathela. Qwalasela abafundi bakho. Isikhokelo asibaboni; nguwe obabona.

Inkqubo Inyathelo ngenyathelo

Ezi zezona zenzo zicacileyo ozenzayo eklasini. Zifunde, uzifake engqondweni, uze uthethe ngelizwi lakho.

Ukujonga Phakathi kwesifundo

Ngaphakathi kwenkqubo, uya kufumana uHlolo Phakathi kweSifundo—umbuzo okhawulezayo okanye inqaku lokujonga eliyilelwe ukukunceda uqonde ukuba abafundi bayalandela na umxholo ophambili. Apha kulapho utshintsha khona kwangoko, hayi emva koko. Sebenzisa oku ukuze uthathe isigqibo: Ndiyahamba phambili? Ndiyama ndichaze kwakhona? Ndiyatshintsha indlela endisebenzisa ngayo?

Isishwankathelo & Uvavanyo Lokugqibela Lokuqonda

Isahluko ngasinye siphela ngesishwankathelo esifutshane esivalela ukufunda kunye novavanyo lokugqibela—ihlala iyitikit exit ekhawulezayo, ukubhala umzuzu omnye, okanye impendulo yomlomo. Oku kukwazisa wena nabafundi bakho—kukunceda wazi ukuba abafundi bathatha ntoni kwaye kufuneka uphinde uphindephi. Ayisosigxina, kodwa lulwazi olubalulekileyo.

Izahluko Zenkxaso

Icandelo leZimvo ekupheleni kwesahluko ngasinye linika isikhokelo esongezelelweyo.

Into Ebonisa Ubuchule

Esi sahluko sichaza imiqondiso yomgangatho wesahluko—kubonakala njani ukubandakanyeka kwabafundi okusemgangathweni? Kufanele abafundi bakwazi ukuchaza ntoni ekupheleni?

Iingcamango Ezixhaphakileyo Ezilungileyo

Abafundi baza kufika neengcinga ngemali, ixabiso, kunye neenkqubo ezingaphelelanga okanye ezingachanekanga. Eli candelo libonisa ezona zixhaphakileyo kwaye licebisa indlela yokuzilungisa ngaphandle kokuphoxa iingcinga zabafundi.

Ukuba Abafundi Banengxaki

Nangona ulungiselele kakuhle, abanye abafundi baya kufumana iingcamango zinzima. Eli candelo linika amacebo oncedo—iindawo zokuphinda ungene, iindlela ezizezinye, okanye imibuzo yokwakha ukuqonda ngelixa ugcina iiNjongo Zokufunda engqondweni.

Imisebenzi

Ezi ziindlela zokwandisa, imidlalo, okanye imidlalo yokulinganisa ezinzulu zokufunda ngokwenza. Ezinye zifakwe kwisifundo esiphambili; ezinye zingongezwa ukuba unexesha okanye abafundi bakho bafuna ukufunda ngokwenza.

Ukufundisa Kwi-Intanethi

Ukuba ufundisa kwi-intanethi ngexesha elifanayo, eli candelo linika isikhokelo esithile sokuba ungazilungisa njani izakhiwo (amagumbi okuphuma endaweni yamaqela amancinci) kunye neendlela (amaxwebhu wabelwana ngawo endaweni yeebhodi ezimhlophe) ngelixa ugcina ukufunda kunye nokufezekisa iiNjongo Zokufunda.

Ulawulo Lwexesha

Ukufundisa akuhlali kuhamba njengoko kucebiwe. Eli candelo linika iindlela ezimbini: Ukuba Ixesha Lifutshane licebisa ukuba ngawaphi amacandelo anokuncitshiswa okanye adityaniswe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumxholo ophambili okanye iiNjongo Zokufunda.Ukuba Uqhuba Phambili linika iindlela zokwandisa ukufunda okanye ukudibanisa nezahluko zangaphambili.

Lungisa Indlela, Hayi Umxholo

Esi Sikhokelo soTitshala sinika isakhiwo nendlela. Wena unika imeko, isigwebo, kunye nokulungelelanisa.

Uyabazi abafundi bakho. Uyaqonda uqoqosho lwakho lwasekhaya, imbali, kunye nezopolitiko. Uyazi ukuba zeziphi iimeko eziza kuchaphazela, zeziphi imibuzo eziza kuvusa, kwaye nini kufuneka uqhubeke okanye ume. Sebenzisa olo lwazi.

Umemelelekile ukuba:

• Lungisa imizekelo kwiimeko zangoku kunye neenyani zasekhaya kwilizwe lakho
• Yandisa ixesha ukuba abafundi bakho bayalidinga; nciphisa ukuba abalidingi
• Tshintsha izakhiwo ukuze zilungele indlela abafundi bakho abafunda ngayo kakuhle
• Yongeza izixhobo ezivela kuluntu lwakho—izazi zembali zasekhaya, abanini bamashishini, iingcali zoqoqosho
• Yenza imisebenzi emitsha ethetha nobomi kunye nemibuzo yabafundi bakho

Izahluko ziyahlengahlengiswa. Ungazifundisa ngokulandelelana okanye uzidibanise ukuze zilungele isemesta yakho. Ungahlala kwiSahluko 3 iiveki ezine ukuba apho kulapho umdla wabafundi bakho ukhoyo.

Kodwa soloko ugcina iiNjongo Zokufunda engqondweni. Yonke into oyenzayo kufuneka isebenzele ezo ziphumo.

Into esiyakhayo kunye—ngomsebenzi wakho eklasini—asingomsebenzi ogqityiweyo. Yinkqubo yokufunda ephilayo etshintsha njengoko wena nabafundi bakho nisebenza nayo.

Igama Lokugqibela

Awukho apha ukuhambisa esi sikhokelo. Ukhona apha ukukhokelela abafundi bakho kwiincoko ezibalulekileyo ngemali, iinkqubo, nenkululeko. Esi Sikhokelo soTitshala sikunceda kuloo msebenzi.

Zithembe. Uyabazi abafundi bakho. Uyazi ukuba bafuna ntoni.

Wamkelekile emsebenzini.

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcamango Ephambili: Imali sisixhobo esinceda abantu ukugcina ixabiso, ukutshintshiselana ngokulula, nokwenza izigqibo zoqoqosho kwihlabathi elinokunqongophala kunye nokutshintshiselana.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi baya kukwazi:

• Ukucamngca ngendima yemali kuluntu.
• Ukuchonga iingxaki ezisombululwa yimali.
• Ukuchaza imali nokuchaza imisebenzi yayo.
• Ukuhlalutya iimpawu zemali elungileyo.
• Ukwahlula phakathi kweendidi ezahlukeneyo zemali.
• Ukuphonononga iingcamango zokunqongophala kunye nokutshintshiselana kwizigqibo zoqoqosho.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokuncedisa

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 1 - Yintoni Imali?

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweThala leencwadi loNcedo - Iziko eliphambili kuzo zonke izixhobo zokufundisa kuzo zonke izahluko.
• IThala leencwadi leMibuzo yoXoxo - Imibuzo yesicwangciso kunye neempendulo ezisetyenziswa ngabafundisi ukuguqula incoko isuke 'ekuphenduleni' iye 'ekucingeni kunye.'
• IThala leencwadi leMizekelo yeHlabathi-yokwenyani - Imizekelo ecacileyo yasekuhlaleni yemisebenzi, iimpawu, iingxaki zokutshintshiselana, iindidi zemali, kunye nokutshintshiselana. Iquka iitemplate onokuzilungiselela imeko yakho yokufundisa.
• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama - Ikhadi lokubhekisa ngokukhawuleza elinamagama aphambili ali-17, isishwankathelo esibonakalayo, iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zabafundi, iziqalo zengxoxo, kunye neefom eziprintwayo.
• IThala leencwadi leMibono Engalunganga - Iingcamango ezingalunganga eziqhelekileyo abafundi abazizisayo kwimfundo yeBitcoin nemali, kunye neendlela zokuzilungisa.

Imisebenzi

• Umdlalo wokuTshintshiselana oPhindaphindayo
• Uthengiso

Ukufundisa kwi-Intanethi

• Sebenzisa incoko kwimibuzo yokuqala ukuze wonke umfundi anikele ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ingxoxo.
• Yabelana ngeslayidi esilula esibonisa imisebenzi emithathu yemali kwaye usigcine sibonakala ngexesha loncazelo.
• Sebenzisa amagumbi okuqhawula ukuze abafundi badlale imeko emfutshane yokutshintshiselana ukuze bazive ubunzima bokutshintshiselana.
• Gqiba ngempendulo ebhaliweyo yemizuzu elinye ucela abafundi bachaze imali ngeendlela zabo.

Ulungiselelo

• Qokelela iisampulu zemali ezibonakalayo (iingqekembe, amaphepha-mali, amagobolondo, igolide) ukuze ubonise iimpawu ezintandathu zemali.
• Lungiselela Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama (amagama aphambili ali-17) kunye netshathi yokuchaza imisebenzi emithathu yemali.
• Lungiselela imizobo: itafile yokuthelekisa iimpawu kunye nomzobo othelekisa imali yezinto kunye nemali ye-fiat.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo silandela ngqo ulwakhiwo lweDiploma. Siqala ngokubeka isahluko, emva koko siqhubela phambili ngengxoxo, ingcaciso, imisebenzi, iimpawu, iindidi, kunye nendlela abantu abacinga ngayo ngemali. Iindlela zokufundisa ezongezelelweyo ezifana nemibuzo yokuqala kunye nokujonga ukuqonda zigcinwa ngaphakathi kwicandelo elifanelekileyo endaweni yokuba zibe ziintloko zomxholo ezizimeleyo.

1.0 Intshayelelo, imizuzu esi-8

Sebenzisa olu lwandle olufutshane ukubeka isifundo kunye nokuvusa umdla.

Buza abafundi:

• Kutheni sifuna imali?
• Yintoni imali?
• Ngubani olawula imali?
• Yintoni enika imali ixabiso?
• Unemibuzo ntoni ngemali?

Abafundi banokucamngca bodwa kuqala, emva koko babelane ngengcinga zabo ngababini okanye kumaqela amancinci, phambi kokuba kuvulwe ingxoxo emfutshane yeklasi yonke. Oku kunceda ukuveza ulwazi lwangaphambili kunye nomdla kwasekuqaleni.

1.1 Iingxoxo malunga neMali, imizuzu esi-7

Qala ngokubuza abafundi:

• Kutheni sifuna imali?
• Yintoni imali?
• Ngubani olawula imali?
• Yintoni enika imali ixabiso?
• Unemibuzo ntoni ngemali?

Abafundi banokucamngca bodwa kuqala, emva koko babelane ngengcinga zabo ngababini okanye kumaqela amancinci, phambi kokuba kuvulwe ingxoxo emfutshane yeklasi yonke. Oku kunceda ukuveza ulwazi lwangaphambili kunye nomdla kwasekuqaleni.

1.2 Ingcaciso yeMali, imizuzu eyi-8

Khokelela abafundi kumbono wokuba imali sisixhobo esinceda abantu ukuba batshintshe iimpahla neenkonzo ngendlela esebenzayo ngakumbi.

1.3 Imisebenzi yeMali, imizuzu eyi-15

Emva koko chaza imisebenzi emithathu ephambili yemali:

• ukugcina ixabiso
• indlela yokutshintshiselana
• iyunithi yokubala

Sebenzisa imizekelo elula yobomi bemihla ngemihla kuyo yonke imisebenzi ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukudibanisa ingcamango nobomi babo bemihla ngemihla.

1.4 Iimpawu zeMali, imizuzu eyi-15

Yazisa ngeempawu eziphambili zemali elungileyo:

• ukuhlala ixesha elide
• ukwahlulahlula
• ukuthwaleka
• ukwamkeleka
• ukufumaneka okulinganiselweyo
• ukufana (fungibility)

Endaweni yokuchitha ixesha elininzi kuyo yonke imizekelo, umfundisi angagxila ekuncedeni abafundi baqonde ukuba kutheni ezi mpawu zibalulekile xa uluntu lukhetha okanye lwamkela imali.

1.5 Iindidi zeMali, imizuzu eyi-15

Chaza ngokufutshane umahluko phakathi kwe:

• imali yezinto (commodity money)
• imali emele into (representative money)
• imali ye-fiat
• imali yedijithali

Le nxalenye mayihlale isisiseko, yanele ukuba abafundi baqonde ukuba ayingomali yonke ifana kwaye imali iye yatshintsha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

1.6 I-Psychology yeMali, imizuzu eyi-22

Yazisa ngombono wokuba izixhobo zilinganiselwe kwaye abantu bahlala benza izigqibo malunga nendlela yokuzisebenzisa. Sebenzisa umzekelo olula, njengokuthi:

• ukuthatha umvuzo omncinane ngoku okanye umvuzo omkhulu kamva
• ukusebenzisa imali ngoku okanye ukuyigcina kwixesha elizayo

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fakela umdlalo we-sweet okanye umvuzo olibazisekileyo ngendlela emfutshane. Le nxalenye mayincede abafundi badibanise imali nokuziphatha, izikhuthazo, kunye nokwenza izigqibo.

Isishwankathelo kunye nokuJonga uQonde

Vala ngemibuzo embalwa yokuphinda uphonononge, enjengale:

• Yeyiphi ingxaki esonjululwa yimali?
• Zeziphi imisebenzi emithathu yemali?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zemali elungileyo?
• Yeyiphi umzekelo wokwenza ukhetho phakathi kwezinto ezimbini?

Unokumema abafundi ukuba babuyele kwenye yemibuzo yabo yokuqala kwaye bajonge ukuba ingaba ingcinga yabo itshintshe na ngexesha lesifundo.

Amanqaku oMfundi

Into eBonakala iLungile

• Kubalulekile ukubuza imibuzo yokuqala nokuphulaphula, uvumele abafundi bazame izimvo kunye, bafumane iimpendulo, kwaye benze unxibelelwano nobomi bemihla ngemihla.
• Abafundisi kufuneka babonise umdla wokwenene, bahlale benomonde xa kungathethwa, bavume xa bengazi, kwaye bahlale bedibanisa iingxaki nezisombululo.
• Abafundi baziva bethembekile ukuba bangazilungiselela imali ngokwabo, banomdla wokuba kutheni iinkqubo zisebenza, kwaye baqonde ukuba iimpawu zemali zibalulekile ngezizathu ezibonakalayo.
• Iziphumo zoFundo ziya kufezeka ukuba abafundi banako ukuchaza ukuba kutheni imali ibalulekile, bahlule imisebenzi emithathu ngemizekelo yokwenyani, bahlalutye ukuba kutheni iimpahla zisebenza okanye zingasebenzi njengemali, kwaye babonise umdla wokwenene kwiinkqubo.

Ulawulo lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili:

• Kutheni sifuna imali
• Imisebenzi yemali
• Ukufumaneka okulinganiselweyo kunye nokwenza ukhetho phakathi kwezinto ezimbini

Ukuba ixesha likhona, chitha ixesha kwi:

• Uphando olwandisiweyo lweempawu (ukuhlala ixesha elide, ukwahlulahlula, njl.)
• Iimeko ezineenkcukacha zeendidi zemali
• Ukungena nzulu kumxholo wokukhetha ixesha kunye nokulibazisa ukwaneliseka

Ukuba Abafundi Banengxaki

• Kutheni imali ibalulekile → Imeko yokutshintshiselana ngezinto; mabayifumane ngokwabo.
• Imisebenzi emithathu → Imizekelo yobomi bokwenene ebomini babo.
• Kutheni iimpawu zibalulekile → Bonisa ukuba kutheni izinto zingasebenzi xa zilahlekile.

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcinga Ephambili: Imali yaphuhliswa ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko uluntu lwalufuna iindlela ezingcono zokusombulula iingxaki zotshintshiselwano, ukuthembana, ukuthwaleka, kunye nokulungelelanisa.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi baya kukwazi uku:

• Landela indlela imali eyaphuhliswa ngayo ukusuka kwiinkqubo zotshintshiselwano ukuya kwimali yale mihla kunye nemali yedijithali.
• Chaza ukuba kutheni utshintshiselwano luba lusilela njengoko uluntu lukhula, ngakumbi ngenxa yengxaki yokungafani kweminqweno phakathi kwabantu ababini.
• Chaza indlela imali yezinto (commodity money) eyavela ngayo ngokwendalo ngenxa yokurhweba kwimarike.
• Chonga amanyathelo aphambili kuphuhliso lwemali yeengqekembe, imali yephepha, kunye nemali yedijithali.
• Hlola utshintsho ukusuka kwimali ezinzileyo ukuya kwimali engazinzanga kunye nendlela oko kwachaphazela ngayo ukuthembana, uzinzo, kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.
• Cinga ngendlela utshintsho kwimali oluchaphazela ngayo uluntu, izikhuthazo, kunye nokuziphatha kwezoqoqosho kwabantu.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokusebenza

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 2 - Imbali yeMali

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama — Isahluko 2 — Amagama aphambili: utshintshiselwano, imali yezinto, imali yeengqekembe, ukunciphisa ixabiso, umgangatho wegolide, imali ezinzileyo/engazinzanga
• Ithala leMizekelo yeHlabathi yokwenyani & Iimeko Zophando — Isahluko 2 — Imizekelo yembali yasekuhlaleni kunye nemibuzo yokuphanda kumfundisi
• Iithala leengcamango ezingachanekanga — Isahluko 2 — Phendula iintsomi: "urhulumente wavelisa imali," "utshintshiselwano lwanyamalala," "iphepha liyinkohliso"

Imisebenzi

• Umdlalo woTshintshiselwano ophindaphindayo

Ukufundisa kwi-Intanethi

• Sebenzisa isilayidi sethayimlain esabelwana ngaso ukuze abafundi balandele ulungelelwaniso ukusuka kutshintshiselwano ukuya kwimali yedijithali.
• Veza inqanaba ngalinye ngalinye endaweni yokubonisa ithayimlain yonke ngaxeshanye.
• Buza abafundi kwincoko ukuba yeyiphi ingxaki utshintsho ngalunye lwemali oluzama ukuyisombulula.
• Sebenzisa ibhodi emhlophe esabelwana ngayo ukuze ubonise ingxaki, isisombululo, kunye nengxaki entsha.

Ukulungiselela

• Lungiselela ithayimlain (utshintshiselwano → imali yezinto → imali yeengqekembe → iphepha → idijithali) ukuze iboniswe.
• Phanda kwaye ulungiselele imizekelo emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3 yembali yemali eyasetyenziswa kummandla wakho kunye nemifanekiso/inkcazo.
• Lungiselela izixhobo zokuchaza ingxaki "yokungafani kweminqweno phakathi kwabantu ababini" kunye nokuba kutheni utshintshiselwano lusilela.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sinceda abafundi baqonde ukuba imali ayizange ivele ngexesha elinye, kwaye ayizange yenziwe ngurhulumente kuphela. Endaweni yoko, yaphuhliswa ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko abantu babefuna iindlela ezingcono zokutshintshiselana ngexabiso. Isahluko ngoku silandela ulungelelwaniso olufanayo neDiploma, namanyathelo embali afakwe ngaphakathi kwiindawo eziphambili endaweni yokwahlulwa kwiintloko eziphambili ezizimeleyo.

2.0 Intshayelelo, imizuzu eli-10

Qala ngokubuza:

• Nicinga ukuba abantu basebenzisa ntoni phambi kokuba kubekho imali?
• Kutheni utshintshiselwano lunokuba nzima?
• Nicinga ukuba imali yenziwa ngurhulumente, okanye yavela ngokwendalo?

Chaza ukuba imali yaphuhliswa ngokutshintshiselana kwabantu ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko babesoloko befuna iindlela ezingcono zokutshintshiselana ngexabiso

2.1 Ukusuka kuTshintshiselwano ukuya kwiMali yale Mihla, imizuzu engama-60

Utshintshiselwano kunye neMida zalo

Chaza utshintshiselwano njengotshintshiselwano oluthe ngqo kwaye wazise ingxaki yokungafani kweminqweno phakathi kwabantu ababini. Sebenzisa umzekelo weziqhamo osesahlukweni, okanye wenze umzekelo olula kwigumbi lokufundela, ukuze ubonise indlela urhwebo oluba nzima ngayo xa umntu ngamnye efuna into eyahlukileyo.

Ukusuka kwiMali yezinto ukuya kwiMali yeengqekembe

Khokela abafundi ngendlela uluntu olwamkela ngayo kancinci kancinci iimpahla ezamkelwa ngumntu wonke njengemali. Gxininisa imizekelo efana neenkomo, amagobolondo, ityuwa, isilivere, kunye negolide, uze uchaze ukuba kutheni izinyithi ezixabisekileyo zaba ngaphezulu. Chaza ngokufutshane izibonelelo kunye neengxaki zemali yeengqekembe, kubandakanya iingxaki zokuthwala kunye nobuqhetseba bokunciphisa ixabiso.

Uphuhliso lweMali yePhepha

Chaza indlela amaphepha aqinisekisiweyo egolide okanye isilivere enza urhwebo lwaba lula ngayo. Gxininisa ukuba imali yephepha ekuqaleni yayimele into ebonakalayo kwaye inokutshintshwa. Eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokunceda abafundi babone utshintsho ukusuka kwimali yezinto ebonakalayo ukuya kwimali emele into.

Utshintsho ukusuka kwiMali ezinzileyo ukuya kwiMali engazinzanga

Gxininisa ukuba iibhanki norhulumente baqale ukukhupha amaphepha angaphezulu kunegolide ababenayo. Emva koko chaza, ngendlela elula:

• Ukushenxwa kwemali enokutshintshwa
• Bretton Woods
• Ukuphela komgangatho wegolide ngo-1971
• Iziphumo zokuphila ngemali engazinzanga

Icandelo eli kufuneka ligxile kancinci ekufundeni imihla nemihla kwaye ngakumbi ekuqondeni utshintsho olubanzi kwithemba, umlinganiselo, ityala, amaxabiso, kunye namandla okuthenga. Umzekelo "womlinganiso oguquguqukayo" osesahlukweni uluncedo kakhulu apha.

2.2 Imali Yedijithali, imizuzu engama-20

Vala umxholo ophambili ngokubonisa ngokufutshane indlela iinkqubo zokuhlawula ezaphucuka ngayo ngakumbi:

• amakhadi etyala
• ibhanki ekwi-intanethi
• imali yedijithali

Nceda abafundi baqonde ukuba namhlanje uninzi lwemali sele luyidijithali, nangona lusese yinxalenye yenkqubo yemali ye-fiat.

Isishwankathelo nokuJonga uQondiso

Buza imibuzo embalwa ekhawulezayo:

• Kutheni utshintshiselwano lwezinto lungasebenzi kakuhle?
• Yintoni imali yezinto ezithengiswayo?
• Kutheni uluntu lwashiya iinkozo lwasebenzisa imali yephepha?
• Yintoni eyatshintsha xa imali ingasaxhaswanga yigolide?
• Yintoni eyahlukileyo ngemali ye-fiat yedijithali xa ithelekiswa neendlela zangaphambili zemali?

Iincwadi zoTitshala

Gcina isahluko sigxile kuphuhliso kunye nesizathu nesiphumo, hayi nje iziganeko zembali.

Abafundi abafuni ukufunda ngentloko yonke imihla okanye iziganeko zemali, kufuneka baqonde ukuba kutheni utshintsho ngalunye lwenzeka.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yokufundisa kweli sahluko yile:
abantu bajongene neengxaki zotshintshiselwano, benza izisombululo, emva koko kwavela iingxaki ezintsha kwakhona.

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili:

1. Utshintshiselwano lwezinto kunye nengxaki yokufuna okufanayo
2. Imali yezinto ezithengiswayo kunye nemali yephepha
3. Imali ezinzileyo vs. imali engazinzanga

Umzekelo oLungileyo

• Kubalulekile ukuxela imbali njengesizathu nesiphumo endaweni yemihla, ubuze "Yeyiphi ingxaki le nto eyayisombulula?" kutshintsho ngalunye, kwaye uphande imbali yemali yengingqi.
• Ootitshala kufuneka bazise amandla ebali, baqhubeke bebuza "Kutheni batshintshe?", bavume ukuba abazi yonke into, kwaye baphande kunye nabafundi.
• Abafundi bafumana amava okuba imali yadalwa kuba abantu bayifuna, baqonde ukuba nabo babenokuyiqamba, kwaye babone imizekelo yokusombulula iingxaki ebantwini.
• Iziphumo zoFundo ziya kufezeka ukuba abafundi banokuchaza indlela imali ephuhla ngayo beqonda kutheni utshintsho ngalunye lwenzeka, bachonge ingxaki yokufuna okufanayo njengengxaki ephambili, bachaze izibonelelo kunye neengxaki zemali yezinto ezithengiswayo, kwaye badibanise nembali yoluntu lwabo.

Ulawulo lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili:

• Utshintshiselwano lwezinto kunye nengxaki yokufuna okufanayo
• Imali yezinto ezithengiswayo kunye nemali yephepha
• Imali ezinzileyo vs. imali engazinzanga

Ukuba phambili, thatha ixesha kwi:

• Imizekelo eneenkcukacha yokuphazamiseka kwemali kunye nembali yeemali zemali
• Uthelekiso lweemali zezinto ezithengiswayo kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo
• Ingxoxo ende malunga nokophuka kweBretton Woods

Ukuba Abafundi Banengxaki

• Imbali okanye imihla → Tshintshela ku "Yeyiphi ingxaki le nto eyayisombulula?"
• Umkhwa kwimbali → Zoba: Ingxaki → Isisombululo → Ingxaki Entsha.
• Ingxaki yokufuna okufanayo → Yenze ngokudlala nabafundi.

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcinga Ephambili: Imali ye-fiat yinkqubo yemali elawulwa embindini esekwe kumthetho, ukuthembana, kunye nokwandiswa kwetyala, inika amaziko aphambili amandla amakhulu ekudaleni nasekulawuleni imali.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi baya kuba nako:

• Chaza indlela imali ye-fiat eyavela ngayo kunye nendlela eyahlukileyo ngayo kwimali exhaswa zizinto ezixabisekileyo.
• Chaza iimpawu eziphambili zenkqubo ye-fiat, kubandakanya imali esemthethweni, ukuthembana, kunye nolawulo oluphakathi.
• Qonda indlela iibhanki ezisebenzisa ngayo inkqubo ye-fractional reserve ukwandisa inani lemali ngokusebenzisa ityala.
• Chonga abadlali abaphambili abachaphazela kwaye baxhamla kwinkqubo ye-fiat, kubandakanya oorhulumente, iibhanki eziphakathi, iibhanki, kunye nabantu abacebileyo abanempahla.
• Chaza ukuba yintoni i-Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), kunye nesizathu sokuba zibe yindlela elawulwa ngakumbi yemali ye-fiat.
• Vavanya ezinye zeziphumo zoqoqosho nezentlalo zolawulo lwemali oluphakathi.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokusebenza

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 3 - Yintoni Imali ye-Fiat?

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama — Isahluko 3 — Amagama: fiat, imali esemthethweni, ibhanki ephakathi, fractional reserve, umgaqo-nkqubo wemali, CBDC
• IThala leencwadi leNgcamango Engalunganga — Isahluko 3 — Cacisa iibhanki ezinkulu, "uzimeleyo" kwebhanki ephakathi, nefuthe lokwenyani lokunyuka kwamaxabiso
• Iitshathi Zothelekiso & Amakhadi oLwazi — Uthelekiso lweMali eZinzileyo vs. Fiat; Isalathiso seZixhobo zoMgaqo-nkqubo wemali
• Iingcaciso zobuGcisa & Ukujonga nzulu — Ingcaciso yebhanki ye-fractional reserve (umzekelo weebhayisikile)

Imisebenzi

• Ibhanki ye-Fractional Reserve
• Uthengiso

Ukufundisa kwi-Intanethi

• Sebenzisa isilayidi esinye esicacileyo sokuthelekisa imali exhaswa zizinto ezixabisekileyo kunye nemali ye-fiat.
• Fundisa indlela yokudala imali usebenzisa umzekelo omnye olula wenani endaweni yengcaciso ende engacacanga.
• Zoba inkqubo ye-fiat bukhoma kwi-whiteboard yedijithali ukuze abafundi babone ukuba ngubani olawula ntoni.
• Gqiba ngokubuza abafundi ukuba bachaze imali ye-fiat ngesivakalisi esinye kwi-chat.

Ulungiselelo

• Lungiselela umzobo wengcaciso yeMonopoly money kunye netshathi yokuthelekisa "ngubani oxhamlayo kwi-fiat" (urhulumente, iibhanki, abantu abacebileyo, ibhanki ephakathi).
• Lungiselela umfanekiso wengcaciso ye-fractional reserve banking kunye nezixhobo zomzekelo "weebhayisikile/IOUs".
• Lungiselela iikopi zeKhadi leNgcaciso yeGama ukuze wabelane ngazo.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sichaza indlela ilizwe elahamba ngayo ukusuka kwimali exhaswa zizinto ezixabisekileyo ukuya kwimali ye-fiat, kunye nendlela inkqubo ye-fiat esebenza ngayo kwihlabathi langoku. Ulwakhiwo ngoku lulandela iDiploma ngokuthe ngqo ukuze amacandelo aphambili ahambelane nezinto zabafundi ngelixa kugcinwa inkxaso enzulu kumfundisi ngaphakathi kwicandelo ngalinye.

3.0 Intshayelelo, imizuzu eli-10

Qala ngokudibanisa esi sahluko nesidlulileyo:

• Yintoni eyatshintsha xa imali ingasaxhaswanga yigolide?
• Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba imali ixhaswa kukuthembana kuphela?
• Ucinga ukuba ngubani olawula imali yale mihla?

Cacisa ukuba esi sahluko sichaza indlela inkqubo ye-fiat eyakhayo, indlela esebenza ngayo, kunye nabantu abanamandla amakhulu kuyo

3.1 Imbali emfutshane yeMali ye-Fiat, imizuzu engama-20

Khokela abafundi kwinkqubela-ntle yembali yesahluko:

• igolide nesilivere njengemali ezinzileyo
• amaphepha obungqina bokugcina kunye neebhanki zokuqala
• iibhanki zikhupha amabango amaninzi kunoko zinokubuyisa ngako
• ukusekwa kweFederal Reserve ngo-1913
• uMyalelo kaRoosevelt 6102 ngo-1933
• uMthetho weGold Reserve ngo-1934
• iBretton Woods ngo-1944
• uNixon waphelisa ukutshintshwa kweedola ngegolide ngo-1971

Gcina ingqwalasela kwipateni: imali yahamba ukusuka kubunini obuthe ngqo bezinto ezinqabileyo ukuya kumaphepha amabango, emva koko kwinkqubo ye-fiat engasaxhaswanga yigolide. Olu lutshintsho oluphambili abafundi ekufuneka baluqonde. Umgca wexesha kwesi sahluko uluncedo kakhulu ekubancedeni babone olu luhlu ngokucacileyo.

3.2 Inkqubo ye-Fiat, imizuzu engama-45

Yintoni Inkqubo yeFiat

Cacisa ukuba imali ye-fiat yimali eyamkelwa ngumthetho, hayi kuba ixhaswe yimpahla enqabileyo. Cacisa la manqaku:

• Fiat ithetha "ngomthetho"
• Imithetho yemali esemthethweni ifuna abantu bayamkele
• Ixabiso layo lixhomekeke kuthembeko kurhulumente nakwibhanki ephakathi
• Zonke iimali eziphambili zamazwe namhlanje ziyiimali ze-fiat

Ungasebenzisa umzekelo osebhukwini othelekisa imali exhaswe yimpahla kunye neFiat money ukuze abafundi babone umahluko ngokucacileyo. Into ebalulekileyo yokufundisa apha kukuba imali ye-fiat ayixabisekanga ngenxa yezinto ezenziwe ngayo, kodwa kuba abantu kufuneka bayisebenzise kwaye bathembe inkqubo ejikeleze yona.

Inkqubo yeBhanki yeFractional Reserve

Le yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwesi sahluko.

Cacisa kakuhle ukuba kwinkqubo ye-fractional reserve:

• iibhanki zigcina kuphela inxenye encinci yeediphozithi njengeyogcino
• ziboleka yonke enye imali eseleyo
• imali entsha ingena ekujikelezeni ngokubolekwa
• oku kwandisa inani lemali ejikeleza kwaye kwandisa nemboleko kuqoqosho lonke

Sebenzisa umzekelo ka"Dax kunye neBhayisikile eziQikelelweyo" ukuba kuyanceda. Lo mzekelo wenza ingongoma ephambili icace: izithembiso ezininzi zenziwa, kodwa isiseko sokwenyani singaphantsi kakhulu. Oku kunceda abafundi baqonde ukuba kutheni kuvela i-bank run kwaye kutheni inkqubo ixhomekeke kuthembeko.

Ukuba ixesha likhona, cacisa nalo mkhuba ubanzi wokunyuka nokuhla koqoqosho:

• ukwandiswa kwetyala
• imali eninzi ijikeleza
• amaxabiso anyuka kunye notyalo-mali olugqithisileyo
• ukungakwazi ukuhlawula kunye noloyiko
• ukungenelela kwebhanki ephakathi kunye noncedo-mali
• phinda

Injongo ayikokuba abafundi bafunde onke amanyathelo ngentloko, kodwa baqonde ukuba le nkqubo ixhaswa ngetyala kwaye ayizinzanga.

Ngubani Owalawula Inkqubo yeFiat Kwaye Ngubani Ozuza Kuyo

Khokela abafundi kwiindima ezine eziphambili ezikhankanyiweyo kwesi sahluko:

• urhulumente
• ibhanki ephakathi
• icandelo lezezimali, ngakumbi iibhanki
• abantu abacebileyo abanokufikelela kwiimpahla kunye nemali-mboleko enexabiso eliphantsi

Cacisa ingongoma ephambili yokufundisa: ulawulo lokudala imali kunye ngetyala aluhanjiswa ngokulinganayo. Amanye amaqela asondele kakhulu kule nkqubo kwaye azuza ngakumbi kuyo, ngelixa abanye bethwala iindleko, ngakumbi xa amaxabiso enyuka kwaye ugcino lwemali luphulukana namandla okuthenga. oku kunganceda ukomeleza le ngxoxo.

3.3 Iimali Zedijithali zeBhanki Ephakathi, 15 imizuzu

Cacisa ukuba Iimali Zedijithali zeBhanki Ephakathi ziyimali ezizeleyo zedijithali ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente. Cacisa ukuba kutheni esi sahluko sizibona njengophuhliso olubalulekileyo:

• zizeleyo zedijithali
• zikhutshwa kwaye zilawulwa ziibhanki eziphakathi
• zinokunyusa ukongamela, ukulandelela, kunye nolawulo lwezithengiselwano
• zenza umgaqo-nkqubo wemali ube ngqo ngakumbi kwaye uchane ngakumbi

Le nxalenye kufuneka incede abafundi babone ukuba iiCBDC azilohlobo "olutsha" lwemali ezinzileyo. Zingumgangatho wedijithali ngakumbi nowugxile ngakumbi kulawulo olufanayo lwefiat.

Isishwankathelo kunye nokuJonga uQonde

Vala ngemibuzo emifutshane enje:

• Yintoni eyenza imali ye-fiat yahluke kwimali exhaswe yimpahla?
• Yintoni i-fractional reserve banking?
• Imali entsha ingena njani kuqoqosho kwinkqubo ye-fiat?
• Ngubani ozuza kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-fiat?
• Kutheni iiCBDC zandisa ulawulo lwemali?

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, cela abafundi bachaze inxalenye yesahluko ngamagama abo endaweni yokuphinda iinkcazelo. Oko kuya kukunika umbono ongcono wokuba baqonde ntoni ngokwenene.

Amanqaku oTitshala

Esi sahluko siqulethe umxholo obalulekileyo kakhulu, ngoko injongo kufuneka ibe kukucacisa, ukulandelelana, kunye nemizekelo ecacileyo.

Qhubeka ubuyisela abafundi kumxholo ophambili: imali ye-fiat ilawulwa embindini, ixhaswa ngetyala, kwaye ixhomekeke kuthembeko kwiinkokeli ezinamandla.

Zama ukuphepha ukulahleka kwiimini ezininzi okanye iinkcukacha zezopolitiko. Injongo enzulu kukuba abafundi baqonde ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo okufanele agxininiswe, ukuba ixesha lifutshane, ngala:

3.1 yintoni imali ye-fiat

3.2 indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yeebhanki ezisebenzisa i-fractional reserve

3.3 ngubani ongenelwa yile nkqubo

3.4 kutheni ii-CBDC zibalulekile

Umzekelo Olungileyo

• Kubalulekile ukucacisa imali ye-fiat kwangoko nge "Urhulumente uthi njalo KWAYE wonke umntu uyavuma," wenze imizekelo efana nemali yeMonopoly kunye neemeko zokuboleka, ubonise inkqubo ye-fractional reserve banking ngokubonakalayo.
• Ootitshala kufuneka bacacise kakuhle, bachaze izibonelelo kunye neengxaki, basebenzise amanani okwenyani ukuxhasa incoko, kwaye bathi "abantu abacinga kakuhle banokungavumelani."
• Abafundi bayaqonda indlela ibhanki yabo esebenza ngayo ngokwenene, baziveleliswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo (ababolekayo bayaphumelela, abagcina imali bayaphulukana), kwaye baqonde ukuba yonke into inezinto ezilungileyo nezimbi.
• Iziphumo zokufunda ziya kufezeka ukuba abafundi bayakwazi ukuchaza umahluko phakathi kwemali ye-fiat kunye nemali exhaswa zizinto ezithile, baqonde indlela i-fractional reserve banking eyenza ngayo imali ngokuboleka, bachonge ukuba ngubani ongenelayo kwaye ngubani ohlawulayo kwiinkqubo ze-fiat, kwaye bakwazi ukuqikelela iziphumo zokunyuka kwamaxabiso (inflation) kumandla okuthenga.

Ulawulo Lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili kwezi:

• Yintoni imali ye-fiat
• Indlela esebenza ngayo i-fractional reserve banking
• Ngubani ongenelwa yile nkqubo
• Kutheni ii-CBDC zibalulekile

Ukuba uhamba phambili, thatha ixesha kwi:

• Ukungena nzulu kwiinkqubo ezithile zeebhanki eziphakathi
• Uhlalutyo lwamanani okunyuka kwamaxabiso kumazwe ahlukeneyo
• Uphando ngezinye iindlela zokulawula imali

Ukuba Abafundi Banengxaki

• Imali ye-fiat (ayixhaswanga) → Umzekelo wemali yeMonopoly; "wonke umntu uyavuma."
• Fractional reserve → Umzekelo weebhayisikile; wonke umntu ufuna iibhayisikile ngaxeshanye.
• Ngubani ongenelayo/ohlawulayo → Imibuzo yomntu siqu malunga nomvuzo wabo kunye namaxabiso.

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcinga Ephambili: Ukungaphumeleli kunye noxinzelelo kwinkqubo yemali ye-fiat kwabangela abantu ukuba bafune ezinye iindlela, nto leyo ekhokelele kwiingcinga ezintsha malunga nokuzimelela, ubumfihlo, kunye nemali yedijithali.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi kufuneka bakwazi uku:

• Chaza indlela ukunyuka kwemali (inflation) okunciphisa ngayo amandla okuthenga ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Chaza indlela inkqubo ye-fiat echaphazela ngayo abantu abaqhelekileyo ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso, imivuzo enganyuki, amatyala, kunye noxinzelelo lokucinga ixesha elifutshane.
• Hlaziya indlela amatyala kunye nokungalingani kobutyebi okukhula ngayo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo esekwe kwi-fiat.
• Chaza ukuba babangobani amaCypherpunks kwaye kutheni basebenza ekudaleni ezinye iindlela ezizimeleyo.
• Thelekisa iinkqubo eziphakathi (centralized) nezozimeleyo (decentralized) usebenzisa imizekelo ecacileyo yobomi bokwenyani.
• Chaza iinzame zokuqala zemali yedijithali kunye nokuba kutheni ezo nkqubo zingazange zisombulule ngokupheleleyo ingxaki.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokusebenza

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 4 - Indlela Iingxaki Ezikhokelela Ngayo Kwiisisombululo

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama — Isahluko 4 — Amagama: amandla okuthenga, ukunyuka kwemali, umthwalo wetyala, amaCypherpunks, ukuzimelela, imali ezinzileyo
• Imizekelo yoBomi Bokwenyani & Ithala lezeFundo — Isahluko 4 — Iimeko zokunyuka kwemali: eVenezuela, eZimbabwe, eTurkey
• IThala leencwadi leNgcamango Ezichanekileyo — Isahluko 4 — Phendula: "shicilela imali engakumbi = ukusombulula intlupheko," "Bitcoin ayinaxabiso," "ukungalingani kukusebenza nzima nje"

Imisebenzi

• Indawo Yentengiso (Auction)
• Ububanki beFractional Reserve

Ukufundisa Kwi-Intanethi

• Qala ngomzekelo ocacileyo wexabiso elithile ebomini bemihla ngemihla ukuze ukunyuka kwemali kuvele kuyinyani.
• Sebenzisa umzekelo omnye olula obonakalayo ukubonisa indlela amandla okuthenga ehla ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Gcina isifundo silungelelaniswe njengengxaki, isiphumo, kunye nempembelelo ukuze sihlale sigxile.
• Sebenzisa isilayidi esinemigca emibini xa uthelekisa iinkqubo eziphakathi nezozimeleyo kwaye uyizalise kunye neklasi.

Ukulungiselela

• Phanda kwaye ulungise idatha yokunyuka kwamaxabiso yasekuhlaleni (amaxabiso kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 eyadlulayo xa kuthelekiswa namhlanje) ukuze ilahleko yamandla okuthenga ibonakale icacile.
• Lungiselela umgca wexesha wamaCypherpunks (ingxaki yezezimali ka-2008 → iphepha elimhlophe likaSatoshi → ukwaziswa kweBitcoin ngo-2009).
• Yenza umfanekiso ochaza iingxaki ezintathu eziphambili: ukuhla kwamandla okuthenga, amatyala & nokungalingani, ulawulo oluphakathi.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sixhobisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweengxaki zemali ye-fiat kunye nokufuna inkqubo engcono. Ngoku silandela ulungelelwaniso olufanayo lwecandelo njengeDiploma ukuze isikhokelo somfundisi kunye nesabafundi zihambelane ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixa imizekelo, uthelekiso, kunye nembali zihlala ngaphakathi kwecandelo elifanelekileyo.

4.0 Intshayelelo Kwengxaki, imizuzu eli-10

Qala ngokudibanisa esi sahluko neSahluko 3:

• Kwenzeka ntoni kubantu xa imali ihlala ilahlekelwa lixabiso?
• Ukuba inkqubo ihlala idala amatyala kwaye inyusa amaxabiso, ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu?
• Loluphi uhlobo lwezisombululo abantu abanokuzifuna xa bebona ukuba inkqubo ayisebenzi?

Cacisa ukuba esi sahluko sijolise kwiziphumo kuqala, emva koko iimpembelelo. Abafundi kufuneka babone ukuba iBitcoin ayizange ivele nje ngaphandle kwesizathu. Yavela emva kokuba abantu abaninzi beqaphele iingxaki ezinzulu kwinkqubo ye-fiat.

4.1 Ukuhla kwamandla okuthenga, imizuzu engama-30

Ukuhla kwamandla okuthenga

Cacisa kakuhle ukuba ukunyuka kwemali kuthetha ukwanda kwesixa semali esikhoyo, kwaye xa imali eninzi ilandela iimpahla ezifanayo, amaxabiso athanda ukunyuka. Sebenzisa umzekelo olula osebhukwini wokuba abahlobo abathathu bayathengiselana ngebhotile enye yamanzi emva kokuba ngamnye efumene i-euro eyongezelelweyo. Oku kunceda abafundi babone ukuba imali eninzi esetyenziswayo ayithethi ukuba uluntu lutyebile ngokuzenzekelayo.

Yenza ingongoma ephambili icace:

• imali eninzi ayithethi iimpahla ezininzi
• xa inani lempahla lihlala lingatshintshi, imali eyongezelelweyo itshintsha amaxabiso
• oku kunciphisa into enokuthengwa yimalini nganye

Ungaqinisa umahluko phakathi kokunyuka kwemali (monetary inflation) kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso (price inflation), kuba isahluko sikhankanya ngokucacileyo ukuba azifani.

Iziphumo Zobomi Bokwenyani Kubantu Ngamnye

Qhubeka nomzekelo kaSipho ukubonisa indlela ukunyuka kwemali kuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Cacisa ukuba nokuba umvuzo womntu ubonakala ufana okanye unyuke kancinci, imali yakhe inokuba ithenga izinto ezimbalwa kunangaphambili. Incwadi yokubhalisa kunye nokuthelekiswa kweendleko kwesi sahluko kuyanceda apha kuba kwenza ilahleko yamandla okuthenga ibonakale icacile. Isahluko sibonisa ukuba uSipho ufuna imali eninzi kunyaka wesibini ukuze agcine umgangatho wobomi ofanayo, kwaye itshathi ibonisa ukuhla kwexesha elide kwamandla okuthenga kwe-dollar yaseMelika.

Gxininisa iziphumo ezisebenzayo:

• irenti, ukutya, kunye nezinto ezifunekayo ziba nexabiso eliphezulu
• imivuzo ayihlali inyuka ngesantya esifanayo
• abantu kufuneka basebenze ngakumbi ukuze bagcine umgangatho wobomi ofanayo
• ukugcina imali kuba nzima ngakumbi
• ukucwangcisa ikamva kuba nzima ngakumbi

Le yindawo elungileyo yokudibanisa kwakhona nomxholo wokukhetha ixesha. Xa abantu bevakalelwa kukuba imali yabo ilahlekelwa lixabiso ngokukhawuleza, abaninzi bagxila ngakumbi ekusindeni kwangoko kunokucwangcisa ixesha elide.

4.2 Umthwalo weTyala leHlabathi kunye nokungalingani kweNtlalo, imizuzu eli-15

Ngoku jonga umfanekiso omkhulu ukusuka kumntu ngamnye ukuya kuluntu.

Cacisa ukuba isahluko sibonisa imali ye-fiat hayi kuphela njengengxaki yezoqoqosho, kodwa njengenkqubo echaphazela amandla, imivuzo, kunye nokuziphatha kuluntu lonke. Gxininisa ezi ziphumo zilandelayo:

• urhulumente uthatha amatyala amakhulu kakhulu
• abantu abaqhelekileyo baxhomekeke ngakumbi kwityala ukuze baphile
• ubutyebi buqokelelwa kwizandla zabo bakufuphi nokuveliswa kwemali
• ukunyuka kwinqanaba lobomi kuba nzima ngakumbi
• ukungathembani, ukungazinzi, kunye nokungazoli kwezentlalo kuyanda

Isahluko sikwathi inkqubo ye-fiat ikhuthaza ukucinga kwexesha elifutshane, uxhomekeko, kunye nokuthenga okungapheliyo. Ungakuchaza oku kubafundi njengempembelelo yenkqubo: xa isixhobo sokulinganisa singasathembeki, abantu batshintsha indlela abaziphatha ngayo.

Ukuba kuyanceda, sebenzisa umbuzo omnye wengxoxo yeklasi ovela kwincwadi:

• Zeziphi iziphumo zenkqubo ye-fiat ozibonayo kwilizwe lakho okanye kuluntu lwakho?

Oko kunokwenza isifundo sibe semngciphekweni ngakumbi kwaye sixhaswe ziimeko zobomi bokwenyani.

4.3 Ukufuna imali engaphantsi kolawulo, imizuzu engama-35

AmaCypherpunks kunye nokufuna isisombululo

Guqula isifundo uye kwindlela yokuphendula kunye nokuqamba izinto ezintsha.

Cacisa ukuba amaCypherpunks ayengamagorha, abaprograma, iingcali zokhuseleko lwedatha, kunye nabakhuseli babucala ababeqonda imingcipheko yolawulo oluphakathi kunye namandla ekhompyutha, i-intanethi, kunye nokufihla ulwazi. Injongo yabo yayingekokugxeka inkqubo kuphela, kodwa yayikukwakha izixhobo ezinokukhusela ubumfihlo, ukuzimela, kunye nenkululeko kwixesha ledijithali.

Amanqaku aphambili okufundisa:

• babekholelwa ukuba ukufihla ulwazi kungakhusela inkululeko yomntu
• babefuna unxibelelwano kunye notshintshiselwano lwemali lwenziwe ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ngulawulo oluphakathi
• babekhathazekile ngokuhlolwa kunye nento ebizwa kwisahluko ngokuba 'likamva lika-Orwell'
• banegalelo ekwakheni isiseko sengcinga kunye nobuchwephesha bemali yedijithali engaphantsi kolawulo

Awudingi ukungena nzulu kuwo onke amagama, kodwa abafundi kufuneka bashiye besiqonda isizathu sokuba le ntshukumo ibalulekile.

Iinkqubo eziphakathi kolawulo vs. Iinkqubo ezingaphantsi kolawulo

Sebenzisa le ndawo ukwenza umahluko ube ngowacacileyo.

Cacisa ukuba iinkqubo eziphakathi kolawulo zibeka izigqibo kunye nolawulo ezandleni zeliqela elincinci okanye igunya elinye, ngelixa iinkqubo ezingaphantsi kolawulo zisasaza amandla phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi. Isahluko sinika imizekelo kunye neengozi/izibonelelo zazo zombini.

Ulwakhiwo olulula lokufundisa:

Iinkqubo eziphakathi kolawulo

• indawo enye yolawulo
• kulula ukuvala okanye ukunciphisa inkululeko
• indawo enye yokusilela
• abalamli abaninzi
• inkululeko encinci kubasebenzisi

Iinkqubo ezingaphantsi kolawulo

• akukho ndawo enye yokusilela
• ukomelela ngakumbi
• inkululeko enkulu yomsebenzisi
• ukubonakala okukhulu
• kunzima ukuvala inkululeko

Umzekelo wokugatywa kweakhawunti yasebhankini eKhanada kwisahluko uluncedo kwiinkqubo eziphakathi kolawulo, kwaye inethiwekhi yeTor ngumzekelo oluncedo kwiinkqubo ezingaphantsi kolawulo. Injongo apha kukuba abafundi baqonde ukuba ukungaphantsi kolawulo kutshintsha ukuba ngubani onamandla kunye nokuba inkqubo ichasene kangakanani nolawulo.

Iinzame zokuqala zemali yedijithali

Cacisa ngokufutshane ukuba phambi kweBitcoin, kwenziwa iinzame ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zokudala imali yedijithali. Itheyibhile kwisahluko ibandakanya imizekelo efana ne-E-Cash, DigiCash, B-Money, HashCash, Bit Gold, kunye ne-e-Gold.

Endaweni yokuchitha ixesha elininzi kweyinye nganye, gxila kumfanekiso omkhulu:

• ezinye iinkqubo zaxhomekeka kugunya oluphakathi
• ezinye zashiyeka kwinqanaba lengcinga kuphela
• abanye basombulule ingxaki enye kodwa abanye abazange bakwazi ukusombulula ezinye
• abaninzi baphoxekile kuba bengenakudibanisa ukhuseleko, ukungabikho kwendawo enye yolawulo, kunye nokuphunyezwa okusebenzayo

Oku kwakha ibhulorho eqinileyo ukuya kwicandelo elilandelayo. Abafundi kufuneka baqonde ukuba iBitcoin yakhiwe kwiminyaka emininzi yemizamo yangaphambili, hayi ukuba ivele nje ngaphandle kwembali.

Isishwankathelo kunye nokuJonga uQondiso

Vala ngesibini semibuzo ekhawulezayo:

• Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emali kuchaphazela njani amandla okuthenga?
• Kutheni abantu abaninzi bejolise kakhulu ekusindeni kwexesha elifutshane kwinkqubo yemali ye-fiat?
• Ngubani owayenguCypherpunk?
• Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwenkqubo elawulwa embindini kunye nenkqubo engalawulwa embindini?
• Kutheni iimali zedijithali zangaphambili zingazange zisombulule ngokupheleleyo ingxaki?

Amanqaku oTitshala

Esi sahluko sigubungela izinto ezininzi, ngoko gcina umgca ophambili webali ucocekile:
Imali ye-fiat izisa iingxaki ezinzulu, ezo ngxaki zichaphazela uluntu kakhulu, kwaye ezo meko zakhokelela abantu ekukhangeleni iindlela ezingalawulwa embindini.

Kuphephe ukwenza isahluko sibe kukukhalaza kuphela ngemali ye-fiat. Injongo yemfundo kukubonisa unobangela kunye nempembelelo.

Amacandelo aqinileyo okufanele aphambili, ukuba ixesha lifutshane, ngala:

• amandla okuthenga
• ityala kunye nokungalingani
• Abantu beCypherpunk
• iinkqubo ezilawulwa embindini vs ezingalawulwa embindini

Umzobo kunye netafile yeemali zedijithali zangaphambili zixhasa kakuhle lo mhlathi ngokubonakalayo.

Umzekelo oLungileyo

• Kubalulekile ukuxhasa yonke into ngamava abantwana abawaziyo, usebenzisa idatha yokwenyani yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, umsantsa wemivuzo, kunye neendlela zetyala, uchaze abantu beCypherpunk njengabasombululi bengxaki, kwaye uvumele abafundi bafumane iingxaki kuqala phambi kokuba banikwe izisombululo.
• Ootitshala kufuneka bathethe inyaniso malunga nemingeni ngaphandle kokuyithoba, kwaye bahlale benethemba ngezindlela kunye nezisombululo ezakhiwayo.
• Abafundi bayavuma ukuba inkqubo yemali inengxaki ezichaphazela iintsapho zabo, baqonde ukuba abantu abahlakaniphile basebenze ukusombulula ezi ngxaki amashumi eminyaka, kwaye bazive ukuba isizukulwana sabo siya kuzidla kwaye siyilungise le mikhetho.
• Iziphumo zoFundo kufuneka zifezekiswe ukuba abafundi banokuchaza iingxaki ezintathu eziphambili zemali ye-fiat ngemizekelo yokwenyani, baqonde indlela amandla okuthenga ancipha ngayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, babone abantu beCypherpunk njengabasombululi bengxaki hayi abavukeli, bathelekise nobomi babo, kwaye babone iBitcoin njengesindululo sesisombululo kwiingxaki ezithile hayi indlela yokufumana ubutyebi ngokukhawuleza.

Ulawulo lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili:

• Amandla okuthenga kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso
• Ityala kunye nokungalingani
• Abantu beCypherpunk njengabasombululi bengxaki
• Inkqubo elawulwa embindini vs engalawulwa embindini

Ukuba ixesha likhona, thatha ixesha kwi:

• Izifundo zetyala zokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwingingqi (eVenezuela, eZimbabwe, eTurkey)
• Imbali yeengxaki zoqoqosho kunye neempendulo zomgaqo-nkqubo
• Uphando olwandisiweyo lwabavulindlela bokhuseleko lwedijithali

Ukuba abafundi banengxaki

• Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso njengengxaki yokwenyani → Bonisa idatha ecacileyo (uthelekiso lwamaxabiso kwiminyaka emi-5-10).
• Ukungalingani okungacacanga → Yenza umzobo: ngubani ongena nzuzo vs. ngubani ohlawulayo.
• Inkqubo elawulwa embindini vs engalawulwa embindini → Umzekelo: ukumkani vs. umdlalo oneemigaqo ezinzileyo.

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcamango Ephambili: I-Bitcoin yadalwa njengothungelwano lwemali olungaphantsi kolawulo lwesebe elinye, eyenzelwe ukusombulula iingxaki zokuthembana, ulawulo, kunye nokunqongophala kwedijithali ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kugunyaziwe ophakathi.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi kufuneka bakwazi:

• Chaza ukuba ngubani uSatoshi Nakamoto kumxholo wokudalwa kweBitcoin, kwaye kutheni iBitcoin yaphunyezwa njengempendulo kwiimpazamo zemali eziphakathi kunye nengxaki yezezimali ka-2008.
• Chaza iBitcoin njengothungelwano lwemali olungaphantsi kolawulo lwesebe elinye, olusekelwe kwimigaqo ekwabelwana ngayo endaweni yogunyaziwe ophakathi.
• Chaza izisiseko zeNakamoto Consensus, kubandakanya nesizathu sokuba kutheni imvumelwano ibalulekile kwinkqubo engaphantsi kolawulo lwesebe elinye.
• Chonga abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili kwinethiwekhi yeBitcoin, kubandakanya abavukuzi, iinodi, abasebenzisi, abaphuhlisi, kunye neeprojekthi, kwaye uchaze indima yomntu ngamnye.
• Vavanya iBitcoin njengemali yedijithali ethembekileyo ngokuthelekisa iimpawu zayo zemali nemali ye-fiat kunye negolide.
• Chaza ukuba kutheni iBitcoin inika abasebenzisi ulawulo olungakumbi ngemali yabo, kwaye kutheni oko kufuna uxanduva lomntu siqu ngakumbi

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokusebenza

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 5 - Yintoni iBitcoin?

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeLizwi — Isahluko 5 — Amagama: Bitcoin, Satoshi, peer-to-peer, Nakamoto Consensus, blockchain, mining, fixed supply
• Iitshathi Zothelekiso & Amaphepha oNcedo — Uthelekiso lweempawu: Bitcoin vs. Igolide vs. Imali ye-fiat; Uqoqosho lweMining
• Iingcaciso zobuGcisa & Uhlalutyo olunzulu — Ingxaki yokuphindaphinda inkcitho isonjululwe; Ingqiqo kaSatoshi
• IThala leencwadi leBali lokuThabatha iBitcoin — Imizekelo yokuthabatha yokwenyani: Laszlo, El Salvador, ukuthumela imali ekhaya, imibutho
• Isikhokelo seSishwankathelo seSatoshi White Paper — Uhlalutyo olulula lwe-white paper (ingxaki, isisombululo, ukusungula)
• Isikhokelo seNdima yaBathathi-nxaxheba kwiNethiwekhi — Ngubani othabatha inxaxheba: abasebenzisi, abavukuzi, iinodi, abaphuhlisi, iitshintshiselwano
• Uhlalutyo olunzulu lweempawu zeBitcoin — Uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweempawu nganye xa ithelekiswa negolide kunye nemali ye-fiat

Imisebenzi

• Imvumelwano

Ukufundisa kwi-Intanethi

• Sebenzisa isilayidi esinye sokuqala esidibanisa ingxaki yezezimali ka-2008, i-white paper, kunye nokuqaliswa kweBitcoin.
• Gcina ingcaciso yemvumelwano ibonakalayo kwaye iphezulu, hayi yobugcisa kakhulu.
• Sebenzisa umzobo olula omnye obonisa abavukuzi, iinodi, abasebenzisi, abaphuhlisi, kunye neeprojekthi kunye.
• Gqiba ngovavanyo olufutshane olubhaliweyo olubuza ukuba kutheni iBitcoin izisa inkululeko kunye noxanduva.

Ukulungiselela

• Lungiselela iitshathi zothelekiso lweempawu: Bitcoin vs. Igolide vs. Imali ye-fiat; cinga ngokuzifaka kwi-laminate ukuze zisetyenziswe kulo lonke ikhosi.
• Lungiselela umxholo kaSatoshi Nakamoto: ingxaki yezezimali ka-2008 kunye 'neebhanki ezinkulu kakhulu ukuba zifele' njengemotivasyon.
• Phawula i-blockchain explorer (blockchain.com) kwaye uyivavanye kwisixhobo sokubonisa; yiba nedilesi zeBitcoin zomzekelo zilungile.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sazisa iBitcoin ngokuthe ngqo. Ngoku silandela ulwakhiwo oluphambili olufanayo neDiploma. Imibuzo yokuvula, iintlobo zabathathi-nxaxheba, kunye neenkcazo zoncedo zisahleli kwisikhokelo, kodwa ngoku zikwicandelo ngalinye eliphambili hayi njengentloko ezizimeleyo.

5.0 Satoshi Nakamoto kunye noDalo lweBitcoin, imizuzu engama-20

Ukuvula kunye noQhagamshelo oluvela kwiSifundo 4

Qala ngokudibanisa esi sahluko nesangaphambili:

• Ukuba iinkqubo zemali yedijithali zangaphambili zasile, yintoni eyenza iBitcoin yahluke?
• Kutheni abantu bengafuna inkqubo yemali engenagunyaziwe ophakathi?
• Zaziziphi iingxaki iBitcoin ezazama ukuzisombulula?

Cacisa ukuba esi sahluko sichaza ukuba yintoni iBitcoin, kutheni yadalwa, isebenza njani kwinqanaba elisisiseko, kwaye kutheni abantu abaninzi beyibona njengemali ethembekileyo.

Satoshi Nakamoto kunye noDalo lweBitcoin

Cacisa ukuba iBitcoin ayizange ivele nje. Yayingumphumo weminyaka emininzi yophando kwi-cryptography, isayensi yekhompyutha, imali yedijithali, kunye neenkqubo peer-to-peer. Umgca wexesha unceda ukubonisa ukuba iBitcoin yakhiwe kumsebenzi wangaphambili ofana ne-public key cryptography, DigiCash, HashCash, B-money, Bit Gold, kunye nereusable proof of work.

Emva koko khokela abafundi kumaxesha abalulekileyo:

• Ngo-Okthobha 2008, uSatoshi Nakamoto wapapasha i-whitepaper yeBitcoin
• NgoJanuwari 3, 2009, kwaqulunqwa i-genesis block
• I-Bitcoin yaqalwa njengenkqubo yemali ye-peer-to-peer engaphantsi kolawulo lwesebe elinye
• USatoshi kamva wasuka, eshiya iprojekthi ezandleni zabanye

Cacisa ukuba iBitcoin yadalwa njengempendulo kukonakaliswa, ubuthathaka, kunye nolawulo oluphakathi kwinkqubo yemali ye-fiat, ngakumbi emva kwengxaki yezezimali ka-2008.

5.1 Isebenza Njani iBitcoin?, imizuzu engama-40

Indlela iBitcoin esebenza ngayo kunye neNakamoto Consensus

Chaza iBitcoin ngendlela elula:

I-Bitcoin yimithetho esetyenziswa ngokufanayo ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinethiwekhi.

Sebenzisa umzekelo weMonopoly okhankanywe kwesi sahluko ukuba kuyanceda. Njengokuba umdlalo webhodi usebenza kuphela xa wonke umntu evumelana ngemithetho efanayo, iBitcoin isebenza kuba abathathi-nxaxheba bavumelana ngemithetho yeprotocol efanayo. Ukuba umntu uzama ukophula imithetho, umzekelo ngokwenza i-bitcoin engaphezulu, inethiwekhi iyala eso senzo.

Amanqaku aphambili okufanele ugxininise kuwo:

• I-Bitcoin ayinagosa eliphambili
• imithetho ibhalwe kwikhodi
• wonke umntu osebenzisa isoftware uqinisekisa ukuba imithetho iyalandelwa
• akukho mntu unokutshintsha inani le-bitcoin okanye akhohlise inkqubo ngokulula
• ukuvumelana (consensus) yinto evumela abantu abangazaziyo, abangathembaniyo, ukuba basebenzisane

Ukuba kuyanceda, nxuluma ngokufutshane lo msebenzi, ochaza uvumelwano njengomceli-mngeni wokufikelela kwisivumelwano kwinethiwekhi ye-peer-to-peer engenamphathi.

Abathathi-nxaxheba kwiNethiwekhi yeBitcoin

Ngoku chaza indima eziphambili kwinkqubo yeBitcoin. Injongo apha ayikokufunda ubuchwephesha nzulu, kodwa kukuqonda indlela i-decentralization esebenza ngayo ebomini bokwenyani.

Ulwakhiwo olucacileyo lolu:

• Abavukuzi (miners) bakhusela inethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa ubungqina bomsebenzi (proof of work) kwaye bayakhuphisana ukongeza iibhloko ezintsha.
• Iinodi (nodes) ziqinisekisa iintengiselwano kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba imithetho iyalandelwa ngokusebenzisa isoftware yeBitcoin kwaye zigcina ikopi yencwadi-mali.
• Abasebenzisi bathumela, bamkela, kwaye bagcine i-bitcoin ngaphandle kokufuna abalamli.
• Abaphuhlisi (developers) baphakamisa uphuculo, banegalelo kwikhodi, kwaye banceda ukugcina i-protocol.
• Iiprojekthi zakha izixhobo, iinkonzo, kunye nemigudu yemfundo exhasa ukwamkelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ebomini bokwenyani.

Umzekeliso 'we-symphony' okhankanywe kwesi sahluko uyanceda apha. Ubonisa ukuba iBitcoin isebenza ngenxa yokuba abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi basebenza ngokuzimeleyo kodwa ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yemithetho efanayo, ngaphandle kokuba kukho igunya elilawulayo. Umzobo othelekisa ulwakhiwo olugxile embindini, olwahluliweyo, nolusasazekileyo unokunceda abafundi baqonde umahluko.

5.2 IBitcoin njengoMali yoMdla kwiDijithali, imizuzu engama-30

I-Bitcoin njengoMali yoMdla kwiDijithali

Guquka uye kumbuzo othi: Kutheni abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba iBitcoin yimali enexabiso elizinzileyo?

Okokuqala, cacisa ukuba iBitcoin yimali, hayi nje into yokutyala imali, kwaye yenzelwe ukuba ibe yinkqubo yemali yedijithali, engenamda, kwaye inqabileyo. Isahluko sikwabonisa iBitcoin njengento evulekileyo, yehlabathi lonke, kwaye ifikeleleka kubantu abanefowuni kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi.

Emva koko khokela abafundi ekuthelekiseni iimpawu zemali:

• Ukuhlala ixesha elide: IBitcoin yedijithali kwaye ayonakali ngokwasemzimbeni
• Ukuhlulahlula: i-bitcoin ingahlulwa ibe ziisatoshi
• Ukuthwaleka: inokudluliselwa kwihlabathi lonke ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo
• Ukwamkelwa: ukwamkelwa kwayo kuyakhula, nangona kusezantsi xa kuthelekiswa nemali yesiqhelo
• Ukunqaba: inani le-bitcoin lilinganiselwe kwi-21 yezigidi
• Ukufana: iiyunithi ze-bitcoin ziyatshintshiselana ngokulinganayo

Umzobo othelekisa iBitcoin, igolide, kunye nedola yaseMelika uluncedo kakhulu apha. Unceda abafundi babone ukuba kutheni iBitcoin idibanisa ezinye iingenelo zegolide kunye neenzuzo zedijithali ezingekho kwigolide okanye kwimali yesiqhelo.

Unokuchaza nenkqubela yemali enamanqanaba amathathu echazwe kwesi sahluko:

• indawo yokugcina ixabiso
• indlela yokutshintshiselana
• iyunithi yokubala

Cacisa ukuba isahluko sibonisa iBitcoin njengesele isisixhobo sokugcina ixabiso, ikhula njengenendlela yokutshintshiselana, kwaye isaqhubeka ikhula ukuze isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengeyunithi yokubala.

Uxanduva Lomntu kunye noLawulo lwezeMali

Vala umxholo ophambili ngomnye wemfundiso ezibalulekileyo ezisebenzayo kwesi sahluko:

I-Bitcoin inika abasebenzisi ulawulo olungakumbi, kodwa olo lawulo luza noxanduva.

Chaza umahluko ngokucacileyo:

Kwinkqubo yemali yesiqhelo, abantu baxhomekeke kwiibhanki, oorhulumente, kunye nabanikezeli bentlawulo ukuphatha ii-akhawunti, ukulungisa iimpazamo, kunye nokumisela imithetho.

KwiBitcoin, abasebenzisi bagcina izitshixo zabo kwaye bathatha uxanduva ngqo lokufikelela kunye nokhuseleko. Ukuba umntu ulahlekelwa kukufikelela kwi-wallet yakhe, akukho mnxeba wenkxaso yabathengi onokubuyisela ezo mali.

Lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuqaqambisa ukuba iBitcoin inika amandla, kodwa ayisebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo. Ifuna abantu bafunde, baqinisekise, kwaye bathathe uxanduva ngemali yabo.

Isishwankathelo kunye nokuJonga ukuqonda

Vala ngemibuzo embalwa ekhawulezayo:

• Kutheni iBitcoin yadalwa?
• Yintoni iNakamoto Consensus ngendlela elula?
• Yintoni indima yeenodi kwinethiwekhi?
• Kutheni abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba iBitcoin yimali enexabiso elizinzileyo?
• Kutheni iBitcoin ifuna uxanduva lomntu ngamnye ngakumbi kunenkqubo yemali ye-fiat?

Amanqaku oTitshala

Isahluko esi sisisiseko, ngoko ke phambili ekucaciseni kuneminye ingcaciso yezobuchwephesha.

Gcina umgca ophambili wokufundisa ucacile:
My First Bitcoin yadalwa njengesisombululo esingaphakathi kweluntu kwiingxaki zemali ezilawulwa embindini.

Abafundi abafuni ukufunda yonke imigaqo yezobuchwephesha apha. Kufuneka baphume beqonda:

• kutheni iBitcoin yadalwa
• indlela inethiwekhi egcina ngayo ulungelelwaniso ngaphandle komkhokeli
• ngubani othatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo
• kutheni iBitcoin ithathwa njengemali eqinileyo
• kutheni ulawulo lwakho lufuna uxanduva

Ezona mizobo zinceda kakhulu kweli sahluko zezi:

• umgca wexesha wembali yangaphambi kwembali
• umzobo othelekisa ulawulo embindini, olwahlulwe, nolwabiweyo
• uthelekiso lweempawu zemali

Umzekelo Omhle

• Kubalulekile ukuqala ngengxaki ethi "Singayifumana njani imali yedijithali ngaphandle kwebhanki?", usebenzise isakhelo seempawu esivela kwiSahluko 1 ukuvavanya iBitcoin, ubonise amabali okwamkelwa okwenyani, kwaye uqaphele imida efana nesantya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
• Ootitshala kufuneka babe nokuqiniseka kwezobuchwephesha ngaphandle kokwazi yonke into, babe nokungathathi cala ngokuhloniphekileyo malunga nezibonelelo kunye neengxaki, kwaye bahlale benomdla kwiimpendulo zabafundi.
• Abafundi bafumana ithuba lokubona iBitcoin njengobuchule bokwenene hayi nje intengiso, baqonde into ephambili eyenziwe nguSatoshi ekusombululeni ingxaki yokuphindaphinda inkcitho, babone iBitcoin njengenye yeendlela ezininzi (hayi umsindisi okanye inkohliso), kwaye bahlale benomdla wokuba iBitcoin ingaba yintoni kwixesha elizayo.
• Iziphumo zokufunda ziya kufezeka ukuba abafundi bayakwazi ukuchaza into entsha eyenziwe nguSatoshi kunye nokubaluleka kwayo, bahlalutye iimpawu zeBitcoin ngokuchasene neempawu ezintandathu zemali elungileyo, baqonde abathathi-nxaxheba abohlukeneyo kwinethiwekhi kunye nokubaluleka kokwahlulwa kolawulo, babone iBitcoin njengempendulo kwimeko yemali ka-2008 kunye neengxaki zemali ye-fiat, kwaye bathelekise iBitcoin, igolide, kunye nemali ye-fiat ngokugxininisa.

Ulawulo lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili:

• Kutheni iBitcoin yadalwa
• Indlela inethiwekhi egcina ngayo ulungelelwaniso ngaphandle komkhokeli
• Ngubani othatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo
• Kutheni iBitcoin ithathwa njengemali eqinileyo
• Kutheni ulawulo lwakho lufuna uxanduva

Ukuba ixesha likhona, chitha ixesha kwi:

• Umda wexesha wembali yangaphambi kwembali: Ukuvela kwemali engaphakathi kweluntu
• Umzobo othelekisa ulawulo embindini, olwahlulwe, nolwabiweyo
• Ukungena nzulu kwindlela esebenza ngayo iNakamoto Consensus
• Amabali okwamkelwa kweBitcoin (e-El Salvador, amaziko, ukuthumela imali ekhaya)

Ukuba abafundi banengxaki

• Kutheni iBitcoin yayifunwa → Isishwankathelo seSahluko 4; imali engenalawulwa ngumntu.
• Ukwahlulwa kolawulo/ukuvumelana → "Abantu abangama-10,000 bangavumelana njani?" Umzekelo womdlalo wechess.
• I-Bitcoin njengemali eqinileyo → Vavanya iimpawu ezintandathu ezivela kwiSahluko 1.

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcamango Ephambili: Ukusebenzisa iBitcoin kwi-chain kufundisa abafundi indlela yokusebenza kobunini, ukuzigcina, kunye nokuqinisekisa ngokwenene, kutshintsha ithiyori ibe yintshukumo yemali esebenzayo.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi kufuneka bakwazi:

• Chonga iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokufumana nokutshintshiselana nge-bitcoin, kubandakanya iindlela zobuso ngobuso kunye neendawo zokutshintshiselana eziphakathi.
• Cacisa umahluko phakathi kwe-wallet ozigcinelayo kunye ne-wallet egcinwa ngomnye umntu, kunye nesizathu sokuba ukuzigcina kubalulekile kwiBitcoin.
• Chaza injongo ye-private keys, public addresses, seed phrases, kunye ne-interface ye-wallet.
• Thelekisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-wallet kwaye uhlalutye umahluko wazo ngokhuseleko, lula, ubumfihlo, kunye nolawulo.
• Misela i-wallet yeBitcoin ephathwayo kwaye uchaze inkqubo esisiseko yokubuyisela.
• Bonisa indlela yokufumana nokuthumela i-bitcoin kwi-chain.

Sebenzisa umgaqo othi "Musa Ukuthemba, Qinisekisa" ekukhetheni i-wallet, kwiintengiselwano, nakusetyenzisweni olubanzi lweBitcoin.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokufundisa

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 6 - Indlela Yokusebenzisa iBitcoin

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama — Isahluko 6 — Amagama: wallet, private key, public address, seed phrase, custodial, self-custodial, UTXO, transaction fee
• Iitshathi Zothelekiso & Amaphepha oNcedo — Uthelekiso lweendidi ze-wallet (custodial, mobile, hardware, paper)
• Iingcaciso zobuGcisa & Ukuhlalutya okuNzulu — Public/private keys, UTXO model, transaction confirmation
• Ukuhlalutya okuNzulu koKhuseleko lwePrivate Key — Seed phrases, key derivation, iindlela zokugcina, iindlela zokuhlasela
• Isikhokelo soHlobo lweNtengiselwano — Umzekelo wenyathelo ngenyathelo wendlela esebenza ngayo intengiselwano yeBitcoin
• Uluhlu lweMigaqo yoKhuseleko eBalaseleyo — Phambi kokuba uqale, ukudala i-wallet, ukufumana, ukuthumela, ukuthintela i-phishing

Imisebenzi

• Iintengiselwano zisebenza
• Ukhuphiswano lwe-Lightning Relay
• Ukuhlola iMempool

Ukufundisa kwi-Intanethi

• Yenza kucace kwasekuqaleni ukuba abafundi babukela umzekelo okanye bazakuzimisa i-wallet ngokwabo.
• Sebenzisa imifanekiso emikhulu, efundekayo kwinyathelo ngalinye lokuseta i-wallet.
• Yima emva kwenyathelo ngalinye ucele abafundi baqinisekise ukuqonda kwabo kwi-chat phambi kokuqhubeka.
• Nika isilumkiso esicacileyo phambi kwenxalenye ye-seed phrase kwaye ukhumbuze abafundi ukuba bangaze babelane ngolwazi olubuthathaka kwi-intanethi.

Ulungiselelo

• Khuphela uze uvavanye i-app ye-wallet ephathwayo (Blue Wallet okanye Muun); lungiselela imifanekiso yezona nyathelo zibalulekileyo zokuseta.
• Lungiselela isikhokelo sokuseta i-wallet (khuphela → dala → gcina i-seed → fumana) njengereferensi.
• Qinisekisa ukuba inethiwekhi/WiFi iyasebenza; yiba nedilesi yedemo kunye neQR code elungiselelwe ukubonisa.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sisuka kwithiyori siye kwisebenziswano ngqo. Ngoku sihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nesakhiwo seDiploma ukuze ukufumana, ii-wallet, ukuseta, iintengiselwano, kunye nokuqinisekisa kubonakale phantsi kweentloko eziphambili ezifanayo nesikhokelo somfundi. Uncedo olongezelelweyo lokufundisa luhlala ngaphakathi kwezo ndawo.

6.0 Intshayelelo, imizuzu esi-8

Qala ngokudibanisa esi sahluko nesidlulileyo:

• Ukuba iBitcoin yimali, abantu bayifumana kwaye bayisebenzisa njani ngokwenene?
• Kuthetha ukuthini ukulawula i-bitcoin yakho ngokwenene?
• Kutheni ukusetyenziswa kweBitcoin kuhluke ekusebenziseni i-app yasebhankini?

Cacisa ukuba esi sahluko simalunga nokusebenzisa ngokwenene. Abafundi abasafundi nje ukuba yintoni iBitcoin, bafunda indlela yokusebenzisana nayo ngokuthe ngqo.

6.1 Ukufumana kunye nokutshintshiselana ngeBitcoin, imizuzu eli-12

Cacisa ukuba abantu banokufumana i-bitcoin ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• ukuhlawulwa nge-bitcoin
• ukumba i-bitcoin
• ukutshintshela imali eqhelekileyo kwi-bitcoin ubuso ngobuso
• ukutshintshela imali eqhelekileyo kwi-bitcoin kwi-intanethi

Emva koko gxila kwiindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokufumana ezixoxwa kwesi sahluko:

• ubuso ngobuso, ngokwasemzimbeni
• peer-to-peer, kwi-intanethi
• iitshintshiselwano eziphakathi nendawo

Yenza kube kucacile ukuba kukho izinto ezifunekayo ukutshintsha.

Kwii-P2P ebusweni, gxininisa utshintshiselwano oluthe ngqo ngaphandle kwebhanki okanye umphakathi ophakathi, kodwa ukhankanye nemingcipheko yokwenene yokudibana nabantu xa kutshintshiselwa imali.

Kwii-P2P kwi-intanethi, chaza i-escrow ngendlela elula, njengendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokungathembani ngelixa kusavumela utshintshiselwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwabantu.

Kwizitshintshiselwano eziphakathi nendawo, yenza kucace ukuba zilula, kodwa zifuna abasebenzisi ukuba bathembe inkampani, badla ngokwabelana ngolwazi lwabo lomntu, kwaye bayeke imali yabo iphantsi kolawulo lomntu wesithathu de bayirhoxise. Le yindawo efanelekileyo yokuphinda uqaqambise ukuba lula kuhlala kuhamba nezinto ezifunekayo ukutshintsha kubucala kunye nenkululeko.

6.2 Intshayelelo kwiBitcoin Wallets, imizuzu engama-35

Yintoni iBitcoin Wallet Ngokwenene

Cacisa ngoko nangoko impazamo eqhelekileyo: i-bitcoin ayigcinwanga ngaphakathi kwi-app ye-wallet njengemali ephathekayo esesakeni.
I-bitcoin ikhona kwi-ledger egcinwa linethiwekhi. Oko kulawulwa ngumsebenzisi yindlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokusebenzisa iiprivate keys.

Emva koko chaza izinto ezimbini abantu abaqhele ukuziqonda xa besithi "wallet":

• inkqubo ye-private key, apho idilesi ziveliswa khona
• i-app okanye ujongano olusetyenziswa ukunxibelelana nenethiwekhi

Sebenzisa umzekelo we-imeyile wesi sahluko ukuba uyanceda:

• idilesi kawonke-wonke = njengedilesi ye-imeyile onokuyabelana ngayo
• private key = njengephasiwedi omele uyikhusele

Yiba ngqongqo apha: nabani na olawula iiprivate keys ulawula i-bitcoin. Lilo eli ngcamango ephambili abafundi abamele bayiqonde.

Self-Custodial vs Custodial Wallets

Le yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kwesi sahluko.

Chaza umahluko ngokucacileyo:

• Self-custodial wallet: umsebenzisi ulawula iiprivate keys
• Custodial wallet: umntu wesithathu ulawula iiprivate keys egameni lomsebenzisi

Emva koko chaza izinto ezifunekayo ukutshintsha:

Self-custodial

• ulawulo olupheleleyo lwemali
• akukho nkqubo yokuvunywa
• ukhuseleko ngokuchasene nokuthathwa kwemali ngokungekho sikweni
• uxanduva olukhulu
• akukho lula ukufumana kwakhona ukuba ilahleke i-seed phrase

Custodial

• kulula ukufumana kwakhona kunye nenkxaso
• kulula kubantu abaqalayo
• uchaphazeleka ngakumbi kwi-account freezes, iihacks, kunye nolawulo lomntu wesithathu
• umsebenzisi akabambi ngokwenene i-bitcoin

Le lixesha elifanelekileyo lokugxininisa esi sivakalisi:

"Not your keys, not your coins."

Abafundi kufuneka baphume kweli candelo beqonda hayi nje isilogeni, kodwa nento ethetha yona ngokwenene ekusebenzeni.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeWallets kunye nendlela yokukhetha enye

Yazisa iindidi ze-wallets ezixoxwa kwesi sahluko:

• i-wallet ye-intanethi
• i-wallet yeselula
• i-wallet ye-desktop
• i-wallet ye-hardware
• i-wallet yephepha

Ungayithathi nanye njengegqibeleleyo. Endaweni yoko, chaza ukuba nganye inezinto ezifunekayo ukutshintsha phakathi kwe:

• ukhuseleko
• ubucala
• ukulunga
• ukuhambelana
• imirhumo
• ulawulo
• igama elihle

Kwakhona cacisa ukuba sicebisa ukuba abantu bahlale beqwalasela ukuba isoftware ye-wallet ivulelekile (open-source), kuba izixhobo ezivulekileyo zinokuhlolwa, zihlolwe, kwaye ziqhutywe luluntu. Oku kudibanisa ngqo nomgaqo wokungathembi kodwa uqinisekise kwiBitcoin.

6.3 Ukuseta iWallet yeBitcoin ephathwayo, imizuzu eli-10

Khokela abafundi kwinkqubo esisiseko eboniswe kwesi sahluko:

• khuphela i-wallet
• yenza i-wallet entsha
• velisa kwaye ubhale phantsi ibinzana lokubuyisela (recovery phrase)
• qinisekisa ibinzana lokubuyisela
• yongeza ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ukuba lukhona
• vula i-wallet uze ufumane umsebenzi wokufumana imali (receive function)

Yenza isilumkiso sebizwana lokubuyisela sicace gca:

• ukuba ibinzana lokubuyisela lilahlekile, ukufikelela kwiimali nako kungalahleka
• ukuba omnye umntu ufumana ibinzana lokubuyisela, angathatha imali

Ukuba abafundi benza oku ngezandla, umfundisi kufuneka ame kwinyathelo ngalinye aze aqinisekise ukuba wonke umntu uyayiqonda into abayenzayo. Ukuba iklasi ingaphezulu kwengqiqo, le ndawo ingachazwa njengokuhamba kwenkqubo endaweni yokuyenza bukhoma. Ukhetho lokubuyisela oluboniswe kwesi sahluko luyanceda ukuchaza ukuba ii-wallet zinokubuyiselwa ukuba ibinzana lokubuyisela ligcinwe kakuhle.

6.4 Ukufumana kunye nokuthumela iiNtengiselwano, imizuzu eli-17

Ukufumana kunye nokuthumela iiNtengiselwano kwiBlockchain

Ngoku chaza indlela ezisebenza ngayo iintengiselwano kwi-blockchain.

Ukufumana i-bitcoin:

• vula i-wallet
• cofa 'fumana' okanye 'deposit'
• khuphela idilesi, wabelane ngekhonkco, okanye ubonise i-QR code

Ukuthumela i-bitcoin:

• vula i-wallet
• khuphela okanye skena idilesi yomamkeli
• ngenisa isixa
• phinda uqinisekise zonke iinkcukacha
• thumela intengiselwano (broadcast the transaction)
• linda ukuqinisekiswa

Yenza ezi ngongoma zicace:

• intengiselwano idlulisa ubunini, hayi iinkozo zemali ezibonakalayo
• iintengiselwano azinakuguqulwa
• ii-node ziqinisekisa ukuba zisemthethweni
• abavukuzi (miners) bafaka iintengiselwano kwiibhloko
• imirhumo ichaphazela indlela yokukhethwa kokuqinisekiswa
• iintengiselwano kwi-blockchain zikhuselekile ngokubanzi, kodwa zicotha kwaye zihlala zibiza kakhulu kuneeNtengiselwano zeLightning

Umzobo wokuhamba kwentengiselwano okwisahluko uluncedo kakhulu apha, kuba unceda abafundi babone indlela ukusuka kwisicelo se-wallet ukuya kokuqinisekiswa kwenethiwekhi.

Iintengiselwano Zisebenza kunye noQeqesho lweNdima

Sebenzisa indlela yokuzilolonga ngokubambisana esesahlukweni ukuqinisekisa ukuqonda. Chaza indima ezine ezibandakanyekayo:

• umthumeli
• umamkeli
• umvukuzi (miner)
• umqhubi we-node

Indlela elula yeklasi kukwabela indima aze umfundisi ahambe nentengiselwano inyathelo ngenyathelo. Oku kunceda abafundi babone ukuba intengiselwano yeBitcoin ayilulo umlingo, yinkqubo ehambelanayo equka imvume, ukuqinisekiswa, ukufakwa kwi-block, kunye nohlaziyo lwe-ledger.

Injongo apha ayikokungena nzulu kwezobuchwephesha. Injongo kukunceda abafundi baqonde ukuba ngubani owenza ntoni kwintengiselwano kwaye kutheni ukuqinisekisa kubalulekile.

6.5 Musa Ukuthembela, Qinisekisa, imizuzu esi-8

Chaza ukuba oku kusebenza ku:

• ii-wallet
• iitshintshiselwano (exchanges)
• ii-apps
• iinkcukacha zentengiselwano
• iimangalo malunga 'nengeniso elula'
• iiprojekthi ezizenza ngathi zifana neBitcoin

Cacisa ukuba iBitcoin ifuna abasebenzisi bacinge nzulu, baqinisekise into abayisebenzisayo, kwaye baphephe ukuthembela ngokungaboni. Chaza kwakhona ukuba kutheni izixhobo ezivulekileyo zibalulekile kule meko: zenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ngokuzimeleyo.

Isishwankathelo kunye nokuJonga uQondiso

Vala ngemibuzo embalwa ekhawulezayo:

• Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-wallet egcinwe ngumntu wesithathu kunye ne-wallet ozigcinelayo?
• Kutheni ibalulekile kangaka i-seed phrase?
• Kwenzeka ntoni xa uthumela i-transaction kwi-blockchain?
• Kutheni ii-transaction kwi-blockchain zicotha kunezinye iintlawulo zeBitcoin?
• Kuthetha ntoni 'Musa ukuthemba, Qinisekisa' ekusebenzeni?

Amanqaku oTitshala

Isahluko esi sisebenziseka kakhulu, ngoko ke phambili ekucaciseni, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuphindaphinda.

Abafundi abafuni ukufunda zonke iindidi ze-wallet kwiklasi enye. Iinjongo eziphambili zezi:

• ukuqonda izinto ezisisiseko ze-wallet
• ukuqonda ukuzigcina wedwa (self-custody)
• ukufunda indlela esebenza ngayo i-transaction
• ukwamkela ingqondo yokuhlola ngokuzimeleyo

Qaphela kakhulu xa uthetha nge-seed phrase kunye nokuseta i-wallet. Abafundi mabaphume beqonda ukuba ezi azizizo iinkcukacha ezincinci, kodwa zisisiseko sobunini beBitcoin.

Ezona mifanekiso nemisebenzi iluncedo kweli sahluko zezi:

• uthelekiso phakathi kwe-wallet egcinwe ngumntu wesithathu kunye ne-wallet ozigcinelayo
• itafile yokuthelekisa iintlobo ze-wallet
• umsebenzi wokuseta i-wallet inyathelo ngenyathelo
• umzobo wokuhamba kwe-transaction
• umsebenzi wokuhamba kwe-transaction ngokweendima

Umzekelo oLungileyo

• Kubalulekile ukuba abafundi benze ngokwenene ukuseta i-wallet okanye babukele umboniso ochanekileyo, benze i-seed phrase ibe yinto ephambili nge-'La magama ali-12 YI-Bitcoin yakho,' bavavanye iimeko ezifana ne-'Kwenzeka ntoni xa ulahlekelwa yifowuni yakho?', kwaye baqhelise ukuqaphela ubuqhophololo (phishing).
• Ootitshala mababe ziikhokelo ezisebenzayo ezakhe zakwenza oku ngaphambili, babe noxanduva lokhuseleko ngaphandle kokoyika kakhulu, kwaye bathethe inyaniso ngobunzima kunye nemfuno yokufunda.
• Abafundi baziva ukuba bafumene isakhono sokwenene abanokusi sebenzisa, baqonde ukuba i-seed phrase iyinyani kwaye ibalulekile hayi nje ingcamango, bazive bekulungele ukubamba iBitcoin yabo, kwaye baqonde ukuba ukungagcini ndawo kufuna uxanduva lomntu.
• Iziphumo zoFundo ziya kufezeka ukuba abafundi bayakwazi ukuseta i-wallet kwaye baqonde umahluko phakathi kwezitshixo zikawonke-wonke nezabucala, baqonde umahluko wokugcina phakathi kwe-wallet egcinwe ngumntu wesithathu kunye ne-wallet ozigcinelayo, bachaze indlela i-transaction esebenza ngayo kubandakanya i-inputs, outputs, kunye neefizi, babonise ukuqonda ukhuseleko kubandakanya ukukhusela i-seed phrase, kwaye babuze imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nobunini kunye nolawulo.

Ulawulo lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili ku:

• Ukuqonda izinto ezisisiseko ze-wallet
• Ukuqonda ukuzigcina wedwa
• Ukufunda indlela esebenza ngayo i-transaction
• Ukwamkela ingqondo yokuhlola ngokuzimeleyo

Ukuba ixesha likhona, chitha ixesha ku:

• Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa phakathi kwe-wallet egcinwe ngumntu wesithathu kunye ne-wallet ozigcinelayo
• Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iintlobo ze-wallet
• Umsebenzi wokuseta i-wallet inyathelo ngenyathelo kunye nomboniso ophilayo
• Umzobo wokuhamba kwe-transaction kunye nokubala iifizi
• Iindlela zokhuseleko eziphambili kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo i-hardware wallet

Ukuba Abafundi Banengxaki

• I-seed phrase njenge 'yokwenene' → 'Le phrase YI-bitcoin yakho; akukho nkonzo yabathengi.'
• Isitshixo sikawonke-wonke vs. esabucala → Umzekelo we-imeyile (idilesi vs. igama lokugqitha).
• Kutheni kunzima → 'Uyazilawula; uxanduva lukuwe.' Qaphela umahluko.

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcinga Ephambili: I-Lightning Network yenza ukuba iBitcoin isebenze ngakumbi kwiintlawulo zemihla ngemihla ngokuvumela iintengiselwano ezikhawulezayo, ezingabizi mali kakhulu ngelixa igcina iBitcoin njengesiseko.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi kufuneka bakwazi uku:

• Chaza ukuba yintoni i-Lightning Network kwaye kutheni yakhiwe phezu kweBitcoin.
• Thelekisa iintengiselwano ezise-chain kunye ne-Lightning ngokubhekiselele kwisantya, iindleko, kunye nokutshintshiselana ngokhuseleko.
• Yahlula phakathi kwe-Lightning wallets eziphethwe ngabanye (custodial) kunye nezoziphetheyo (self-custodial), kwaye uchaze ukuba kutheni kubalulekile ukuziphethela.
• Misela i-Lightning wallet kwaye chaza indima ye-seed phrase ekubuyiseni i-wallet.
• Bonisa indlela iintlawulo ze-Lightning ezihamba ngayo kwinethiwekhi, nokuba abasebenzisi ababini abanalo ijelo ngqo phakathi kwabo.
• Chonga iindlela ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa iBitcoin ebomini bemihla ngemihla nge-Lightning, kubandakanya ikofu, iivenkile zokutya, iintlawulo zorhwebo, kunye nokusebenzisa imali kwindawo ohlala kuyo.
• Chaza indlela izixhobo ezifana ne-BTCPay Server, BTCMap, kunye ne-gift cards ezandisa ngayo ukusetyenziswa kweBitcoin ebomini bokwenyani.
• Chaza ukuba yintoni uqoqosho olujikeleze iBitcoin (circular economy) kwaye kutheni i-Lightning iyenza ibe yinyani ngakumbi.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokuncedisa

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 7 - Ukusebenzisa iBitcoin Ebomini Bemihla Ngemihla

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama — Amagama: Lightning Network, payment channel, routing, Layer 2, circular economy, remittance
• Imizekelo Yehlabathi Lokwenyani & Ithala lezeFundo — El Salvador, uqoqosho olujikeleze eAustin, amabali orhwebo asebenzisa i-Lightning
• Iitshathi Zothelekiso & Amaphepha Okwenza Iingxelo — Uthelekiso lwe-On-Chain vs. Lightning; Uthelekiso lweNtlawulo & Isantya phakathi kweendlela zokuhlawula
• Isichazi se-Lightning Network Esilula — Indlela amajelo entlawulo asebenza ngayo ngaphandle kwejargon; routing; ukhuseleko; iimeko zokusetyenziswa
• Ukuhamba ngeMehlo kwiimeko zentlawulo — Inyathelo ngenyathelo: thumela kumhlobo, yamkela intlawulo, ukuthumela imali ekhaya, yamkela njengomsebenzi ozimeleyo
• Isixhobo Sokuqhathanisa Iindleko & Isantya — Xa kufuneka usebenzise i-Lightning vs. on-chain vs. ibhanki (kunemizekelo yeendleko)

Imisebenzi

• Ukhuphiswano lwe-Lightning Relay

Ukufundisa Kwi-Intanethi

• Sebenzisa isilayidi sothelekiso esecaleni-cala kwiintlawulo ze-on-chain kunye ne-Lightning.
• Qala ngomzekelo wobomi bokwenyani njengokuthenga ikofu okanye ukuthumela imali ekhaya ukuze abafundi baqonde ukuba kutheni ikhona i-Lightning.
• Sebenzisa umzobo olula womzila wabantu abathathu ukuze ingcaciso yenethiwekhi icace.
• Gcina inkcazelo yamajelo ilula ngaphandle kokuba iklasi sele inesiseko esomeleleyo.

Ukulungiselela

• Khuphela i-Lightning wallet kwaye ulungiselele izikrini ezibonisa isantya sentengiselwano ye-on-chain (ecothayo) vs. Lightning (ekhawulezayo) ecaleni-cala.
• Phanda abathengisi bokwenyani aba-2-3 okanye uluntu olusebenzisa i-Lightning; gcina i-BTCMap.org kwii-bookmarks zakho.
• Lungiselela itshathi yothelekiso lwe-on-chain vs. Lightning (isantya, iifizi, ukhuseleko, imeko yokusetyenziswa) ukuze wabelane ngayo.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sibonisa abafundi indlela iBitcoin esiba luncedo ngayo kwiintlawulo zemihla ngemihla nge-Lightning Network. Isikhokelo ngoku silandela ulwakhiwo lweDiploma ngqo ukuze amacandelo aphambili e-Lightning ahambelane nesikhokelo sabafundi, ngelixa uthelekiso, izixhobo zorhwebo, kunye nezinto zoqoqosho olujikelezayo zihlala apho zifanele khona.

7.0 Intshayelelo, imizuzu esi-8

Qala ngokudibanisa esi sahluko nesidlulileyo:

• Ukuba iBitcoin isebenza kwi-chain, kutheni kufuneke omnye umaleko?
• Kwenzeka ntoni xa abantu befuna ukwenza iintlawulo ezininzi ezincinci ngokukhawuleza?
• Loluphi uhlobo lwenkqubo yokuhlawula olungasebenza ngcono kwikofu, iivenkile zokutya, okanye ukuhlawula umhlobo?

Cacisa ukuba esi sahluko sigxile kwiBitcoin yokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla, ngakumbi xa isantya kunye neefizi eziphantsi zibalulekile. Yenza kucace ukuba i-Lightning yakhiwe phezu kweBitcoin, ayahlukanga kuyo.

7.1 I-Lightning Network, imizuzu engama-25

Yintoni i-Lightning Network

Chaza ukuba i-Lightning Network yinkqubo yokuhlawula eyakhiwe phezu kweBitcoin evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele kwaye bamkele i-bitcoin ngokukhawuleza nangexabiso eliphantsi. Isebenza ngokuhambisa iintlawulo ezininzi ezincinci ngaphandle kwe-blockchain engundoqo kwaye kuphela isiphumo sokugqibela sibuyiselwa kwi-chain kamva.

Indlela eluncedo yokuyichaza kukusebenzisa umzekelo we-café tab okhankanywe kwesi sahluko:

• endaweni yokuhlawula into nganye enye nganye kwi-chain
• amaqela amabini avula ijelo
• bahlaziya ibhalansi zabo xa besenza iintengiselwano
• kuphela ibhalansi yokugqibela ebhalwa kwi-blockchain xa bevala ijelo

Oko kwenza i-Lightning ikhawuleze kwaye ingabizi mali kakhulu kwiintlawulo ezincinci eziphindaphindiweyo. Cacisa kwakhona ukuba iintlawulo ze-Lightning zinokudlula kwinethiwekhi, ngoko abasebenzisi abafuni ijelo ngqo nomntu ngamnye abamhlawulayo.

On-chain vs Lightning

Ngoku yenza umahluko ube cacile kakhulu.

Iintengiselwano ze-On-chain

• zenzeka ngqo kwi-blockchain ye-Bitcoin
• ngokubanzi zicotha
• zixhomekeke ekufakweni nasekuqinisekisweni kwebhloko
• zisoloko zikhuselekile ngakumbi
• zinokubiza kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwiimali zokusebenza

Iintengiselwano ze-Lightning

• zenzeka kumaleko wesibini owakhiwe ngaphezulu kwe-Bitcoin
• zigqitywa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu
• ngokuqhelekileyo zibiza kancinci kakhulu
• ziluncedo kwiintlawulo ezincinci nezisoloko zisenziwa
• zineengxaki ezithile xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlala kwe-on-chain

Gcina ingongoma ephambili ilula: i-on-chain yomelele ngakumbi xa kufikwa ekuhlaleni kokugqibela, i-Lightning yomelele ngakumbi kwisantya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla okungabizi. Olu thelekiso luncedo kakhulu apha.

7.2 Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeWallet ze-Lightning, 10 imizuzu

Cacisa ukuba i-wallet ye-Lightning isebenza njengendlela efanayo ne-wallet ye-Bitcoin, ifumana kwaye ithumele i-bitcoin, kodwa yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwi-Lightning Network. Emva koko chaza umahluko ophambili kwiincwadi zale sahluko:

• eyakho ngokupheleleyo: umsebenzisi ulawula izitshixo
• egcinwe ngomnye umntu: omnye umntu ulawula izitshixo

Cacisa umahluko ophambili:

• ii-wallet ezigcinwe ngomnye umntu zinokuziva zikhululekile kwaye zilula
• kodwa umsebenzisi uxhomekeke kwimvume nolawulo lomnye umntu
• ii-wallet ezilawulwa ngumsebenzisi zinika ubunini kunye nenkululeko engakumbi

Kwakhona qinisa ingcebiso yalesi sahluko yokukhetha ii-wallet ezivulekileyo (open-source), kuba izixhobo ezinjalo zingaphononongwa, zaphuculwa, kwaye ziqinisekiswe luluntu.

7.3 Ukuseta iWallet ye-Bitcoin Lightning, 10 imizuzu

Khokela abafundi kwindlela esisiseko yokuseta:

• khuphela i-wallet ye-Lightning
• yenza i-wallet entsha
• bhala phantsi amagama okubuyisela (recovery phrase)
• qinisekisa amagama ngokulandelelana afanelekileyo
• yongeza ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo ukuba i-wallet iyakuvumela
• qalisa ukusebenzisa i-wallet

Yiba necaciso ngakumbi malunga ne-seed phrase:

• yiyo evumela umsebenzisi ukuba abuyise ukufikelela
• ukuba ilahlekile, ukufikelela kwiimali kunokulahleka
• ukuba omnye umntu uyifumana, angalawula imali

Le ndawo kufuneka igxininise kakhulu uxanduva kunye nokuphatha ngokhuseleko, njengoko kwenziwa kwicandelo le-on-chain.

7.4 Ukuthumela nokufumana iintengiselwano ze-Lightning, 17 imizuzu

Indlela iintengiselwano ze-Lightning ezisebenza ngayo kwindlela yokwenyani

Sebenzisa umzekelo kaNoluthando, Jabu, no-Eva ukuchaza indlela yokudlulisela. Noluthando akadingi umjelo ngqo no-Eva. Intlawulo yakhe ingadlula kuJabu, odibanisa nenethiwekhi, kwaye isafikelela ku-Eva ngokukhuselekileyo.

Yenza ezi ngongoma zicace:

• Iintlawulo ze-Lightning zingadlula phakathi kwabalamli
• abalamli banceda ekudluliseni iintlawulo
• inkqubo yokudlulisela ayithethi ukuba abasebenzisi bathembele ebhankini okanye kumphathi wentlawulo ophakathi
• inethiwekhi isebenzisa i-cryptography ukuze intlawulo ifike kumamkeli ochanekileyo

Oku kunceda abafundi baqonde ukuba i-Lightning isasebenza phakathi kwabantu ababini, nangona iintlawulo zidlula kwinethiwekhi ebanzi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, khankanya ukuba isahluko sikwachaza ukuba abaqhubi beenodi banokufumana imali yokusebenza kwaye bomeleze inethiwekhi ngokudlulisela iintlawulo.

Ukuxhasa Imijelo kunye nokusebenzisa i-Lightning amaxesha amaninzi

Cacisa umzekelo kaNoluntu ngakumbi:

• Noluntu uhambisa i-bitcoin esuka kwi-wallet yakhe ye-on-chain ukuya kwi-wallet yakhe ye-Lightning
• oku kuxhasa umjelo wentlawulo
• angakwazi ke ukwenza iintlawulo eziphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuvula kwakhona inkqubo rhoqo ngexesha ngalinye
• xa isikhululo sivaliwe, ibhalansi yokugqibela ibuyiselwa kwi-blockchain

Cacisa umda obalulekileyo: imali evaliweyo kwisikhululo esisebenzayo isetyenziswa kwi-Lightning kwaye ayifumaneki ngokukhululekileyo ukuze isetyenziswe kwi-blockchain ngexesha elifanayo. Oku kunceda abafundi baqonde ukuba i-Lightning inamandla, kodwa inendlela eyahlukileyo yokwenza iintlawulo.

7.5 Ukuthenga Ikofu kunye neGrosari ngeBitcoin, imizuzu engama-20

Iimeko Zokusetyenziswa Kwemihla Ngemihla

Guquka ukusuka kwindlela yokusebenza uye ebomini bokwenyani.

Chaza ukuba i-Lightning iluncedo ngokukodwa xa kusenziwa:

• ukuthenga ikofu
• iigrosari
• ukuthenga
• ukuhlawula abahlobo
• iintengiselwano ezincinci zemihla ngemihla

Umzekelo kaMina kwesi sahluko unceda ukubonisa ukuba kutheni i-Lightning ilungele ngakumbi kuneendlela zemveli zokuhlawula kwiimeko ezininzi: iyakhawuleza, iindleko ziphantsi, ayinamingcele, kwaye ifikeleleka nakubantu abangenaso isikhwama-mali ebhankini. Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa kunye nomzobo wokuhamba kwentlawulo zizixhobo ezinamandla zokufundisa apha, ngakumbi ekuboneni ukuba bangaphi abaphakathi abakhona kwiintlawulo zamakhadi zemveli.

Izixhobo Zabarhwebi kunye Nokusebenzisa iBitcoin Ebomini Bokwenyani

Ngoku chaza indlela amashishini kunye nabasebenzisi abanokwenza ngayo i-Lightning isebenze ebomini bemihla ngemihla.

Gubungela izixhobo ezintathu eziphambili okanye iindlela ezikwisahluko:

BTCPay Server

• umhlinzeki wentlawulo ovulelekileyo
• ivumela abarhwebi ukuba bamkele i-bitcoin ngqo
• akukho mntu ophakathi olawula imali
• iluncedo kwiintlawulo zeshishini ezikwi-intanethi nakwiindawo zokuthengisa

BTCMap

• inceda abasebenzisi bafumane abarhwebi noluntu olwamkela i-bitcoin
• ivumela abantu bakhangele kufutshane
• inokuhlaziywa luluntu

Amakhadi ezipho kunye neevawutsha

• izixhobo zethutyana zokusebenzisa i-bitcoin apho ukwamkelwa ngqo kungekabikho
• zinceda ukudibanisa umsantsa ngelixa ukwamkelwa kukhula

Le ndawo ibalulekile kuba ibonisa abafundi ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweBitcoin akusiyonto yethiyori kuphela. Sele zikhona izixhobo ezisebenzayo abantu abanokuzisebenzisa namhlanje.

Uqoqosho Olujikelezayo kunye neBitcoin NjengeSixhobo Sokutshintshiselana

Vala umxholo ophambili ngokuchaza ukuba uqoqosho olujikelezayo luluntu apho abathathi-nxaxheba bazama ukuthenga nokuthengisa omnye komnye kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Xa kusetyenziswa kwiBitcoin, oku kuthetha ukuba abarhwebi, abasebenzi, kunye nabasebenzisi bakhetha ukwenza iintengiselwano ngebitcoin kwaye baxhase omnye nomnye kwezoqoqosho.

Cacisa ukuba kutheni i-Lightning ibalulekile apha:

• iintlawulo zikhawuleza phantse kwangoko
• iindleko ziphantsi
• iintlawulo ezincinci ziba lula
• urhwebo lwasekuhlaleni luba lula ukulugcina

Ungakhankanya ukuba isahluko sibhekisa kwimizekelo efana neArnhem neBitcoin Beach, ukubonisa ukuba uqoqosho olujikelezayo aluyonto eqikelelwayo. Sele lukhona kwaye luyaqhubeka nokukhula. Umgca wexesha obonakalayo uluncedo kakhulu apha

Isishwankathelo kunye nokuJonga uQonde

Vala ngemibuzo embalwa ekhawulezayo:

• Kutheni i-Lightning Network yakhiwa?
• Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweentlawulo ze-blockchain kunye ne-Lightning?
• Kutheni ukuzigcina ngokwakho kubalulekile kwi-wallet ye-Lightning?
• Umntu angamkela njani intlawulo ye-Lightning ngaphandle kwesikhululo esithe ngqo kumntu wonke?
• Yintoni uqoqosho olujikelezayo lweBitcoin?

Amanqaku oTitshala

Gcina umgca ophambili wokufundisa ucocekile: iBitcoin linqanaba elisisiseko, i-Lightning inceda ukwenza iintlawulo zemihla ngemihla zikhawuleze kwaye zibe sezantsi iindleko.

Esi sahluko kufuneka sizive sisebenziseka kwaye sicace, hayi sobuchwephesha kakhulu.

Nika ingqwalasela ekuqondeni kunokungena nzulu kwiindlela zokusebenza kwezikhululo.

Amanqaku anamandla okufanele anikwe ingqwalasela, ukuba ixesha lifutshane, ngala:

• yintoni i-Lightning
• ukhetho phakathi kokusebenzisa on-chain kunye ne-Lightning
• ulawulo lwe-wallet kunye nendlela yokumisela
• iintlawulo kwihlabathi lokwenyani
• uqoqosho olujikeleze iBitcoin

Ezona mifanekiso zinceda kakhulu kweli sahluko zezi:

• uthelekiso phakathi kwe-on-chain kunye ne-Lightning
• umaahluko phakathi kweentlobo ze-wallet
• umzekelo wokuhanjiswa kwentlawulo phakathi kukaSipho, uThandi, noLindiwe
• itheyibhile yokuthelekisa kunye nomzobo womthamo
• umzobo wendlela yemveli yokuhlawula
• umgca wexesha loqoqosho olujikeleze iBitcoin

Oko Kukubonakala Kakuhle

• Kubalulekile ukuqala ngengxaki ethi "iBitcoin ithatha imizuzu eli-10 kwaye ibiza i-R40," uchaze i-Lightning njengendlela ekhawulezayo phezu kweBitcoin, usebenzise imizekelo yokwenyani evela kubathengisi kunye neendlela zokuthumela imali, kwaye wenze imithi yokuthatha izigqibo xa kusetyenziswa i-on-chain okanye i-Lightning.
• Ootitshala kufuneka babe nendlela yokusebenza ngokwenene malunga nento i-Lightning eyisombululayo, babelane ngamabali avela kwindawo apho iBitcoin isetyenziswa khona, bacacise ngokuthe ngqo ngezinto ezifunekayo ukuba zitshintshwe, kwaye bahlale benyanisekile malunga nokwamkelwa kwayo ngelixa bonwabile ngamathuba.
• Abafundi babona iBitcoin isebenza ngokwenene kwiintlawulo zokwenyani kwiindawo zokwenyani, baqonde ukuba isantya kunye neendleko zibalulekile kwiintlawulo, bacinge ngoqoqosho olujikeleze iBitcoin apho iBitcoin ihlala kwindawo, baqonde ukuba i-Lightning ≠ Bitcoin (izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo), kwaye baqalise umdla kwiinkqubo zoqoqosho ezakhiwe kwiintlawulo zeBitcoin.
• Iziphumo zokufunda ziya kufezeka ukuba abafundi banokuchaza i-Lightning Network njengomaleko ophezulu kweBitcoin, baqonde indlela yokusebenza kweendlela zokuhlawula kunye nendlela yokuhanjiswa, babone imizekelo yokwenyani yokusebenzisa i-Lightning, bathelekise i-on-chain kunye ne-Lightning kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, baqonde umxholo woqoqosho olujikeleze iBitcoin, kwaye baqaphele izinto ezithile ezifunekayo ukuba zitshintshwe kwindlela nganye.

Ulawulo lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili:

• Yintoni i-Lightning
• Ukhetho phakathi kwe-on-chain kunye ne-Lightning
• Iintlawulo kwihlabathi lokwenyani
• Uqoqosho olujikeleze iBitcoin

Ukuba ixesha likhona, thatha ixesha kwi:

• Indlela yokusebenza kweendlela zokuhlawula kunye nokuhanjiswa
• Isixhobo sokuthelekisa iintlawulo kunye nesantya
• Izifundo zamatyala zoqoqosho olujikeleze iBitcoin e-El Salvador nase-Austin
• Ukuhamba komzekelo wokuhlawula nge-Lightning

Ukuba abafundi banengxaki

• Kutheni ikhona i-Lightning → Thelekisa: 10 min/R40 vs. imizuzwana/inqaku lecent.
• Iindlela zokuhlawula → Umzekelo wekhredithi kwivenkile yekofu; hlawula ngaphakathi emva koko uhlawule kwiBitcoin.
• Kutheni ibalulekile kwihlabathi → "Kuthekani ukuba akukho bhanki kodwa uneBitcoin?"

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcamango Ephambili: Ukhuseleko lweBitcoin luxhomekeke kwiingcamango zobugcisa ezilula kodwa ezinamandla ezifana nezitshixo, utyikityo, i-hashing, kunye ne-UTXO, ezivumela ubunini kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngaphandle komphathi ophakathi.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi kufuneka bakwazi:

• Chaza indlela izitshixo zikawonke-wonke nezabucala ezikhusela ngayo ubunini beBitcoin kunye nokuthengiselana.
• Chaza ukuba yintoni utyikityo lwedijithali kwaye lubonisa njani ukuba ukuthengiselana kugunyaziswe ngumnini ofanelekileyo.
• Chaza, ngendlela elula, ukuba kuthetha ntoni i-cryptography, i-encryption, kunye ne-decryption kumxholo weBitcoin.
• Chaza ukuba yintoni i-hashing kwaye uchaze ukuba kutheni imisebenzi ye-hash ibalulekile kukhuseleko lweBitcoin kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha.
• Chonga iimpawu ezisisiseko zomsebenzi we-hash, ezifana nemveliso yobude obusisigxina, indlela yokusebenza engabuyiyo, kunye nokutshintsha okukhulu xa kungena utshintsho oluncinane.
• Chaza imodeli ye-UTXO kunye nendlela i-bitcoin echithwa, yamkelwa, kwaye ibuyiselwa njengenguqu kwiimveliso zokuthengiselana.
• Chaza indlela iinodi ezinqanda ngayo ukuphinda kusetyenziswe imali ngokujonga ukuba imveliso sele isetyenzisiwe na.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokufundisa

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 8 - Indlela IBitcoin Esebenza Ngayo

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama — Isahluko 8 — Amagama: cryptography, hash, UTXO, digital signature, private/public key, merkle tree, blockchain
• IThala leencwadi leNgcamango Engalunganga — Isahluko 8 — Idilesi: "igama lemfihlo elilahlekileyo linokubuyiselwa," "isitshixo sabucala = iphasiwedi," "i-blockchain ayaziwa"
• Iingcaciso Zobugcisa & Ukujonga Ngokunzulu — Imisebenzi ye-hash, izitshixo zikawonke-wonke/ezabucala, imodeli ye-UTXO, ukhuseleko lwe-Proof of Work

Imisebenzi

• Ukuthengiselana Kwenzeka
• Ukuhlola iMempool

Ukufundisa Kwi-Intanethi

• Sebenzisa ibhodi emhlophe yedijithali kwaye uzobe ingcamango nganye ngexesha endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwinkcazo yomlomo kuphela.
• Fundisa ingcamango yobugcisa enye ngexesha kwaye ume rhoqo ukuze ubuze imibuzo yokuqinisekisa.
• Sebenzisa imizobo yezitshixo, utyikityo, i-hash, kunye ne-UTXO ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukulandela ulwakhiwo.
• Gcina injongo ikwizingqinisiso kwaye uphephe ukungena nzulu kwizibalo okanye amagama anzima.

Ukulungiselela

• Lungiselela kwaye ulaminate iidayagram: izibini zezitshixo zikawonke-wonke/ezabucala, utyikityo lwedijithali, imodeli ye-UTXO, i-hashing (umsebenzi ongabuyiyo).
• Phawula i-blockchain explorer kunye ne-SHA-256 hash calculator; khetha ukuthengiselana kweBitcoin eziyi-2-3 zokuhamba nazo inyathelo ngenyathelo.
• Lungiselela amanqaku ebhodi emhlophe okuchaza izinto ezingenayo, eziphumayo, kunye nendlela ukuthengiselana okuqinisekiswa ngayo kwi-blockchain.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sinika abafundi umbono wokuqala kwicala lobugcisa leBitcoin ngaphandle kokufuna ulwazi lobugcisa lwangaphambili. Isikhokelo ngoku silandela ulwakhiwo olufutshane olufana neDiploma, apho i-cryptography idityanisiwe phantsi kwesihloko esinye kwaye i-UTXO phantsi kwesinye.

8.0 Intshayelelo, imizuzu eyi-8

Qala ngokumisela okulindelweyo:

• Yintoni eyenza iBitcoin ikhuseleke xa kungekho bhanki ephakathi eyilawulayo?
• Ithungelwano lingazi njani ukuba umntu uyinyani na onobunini bebitcoin azama ukuyithumela?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene emva kwekhowudi xa umntu enza ukuthengiselana ngeBitcoin?

Cacisa ukuba esi sahluko sigxile kwiziseko zobugcisa ezisisiseko zeBitcoin, ngakumbi izitshixo, utyikityo, i-hashing, kunye ne-UTXO. Kwakhona qinisekisa abafundi ukuba akufuneki babe ngonjiniyela ukuze baqonde ingqiqo ephambili. Isahluko ngokwaso senza le ngongoma icace ngokuthelekisa iBitcoin kwi-intanethi, abantu abaninzi bayisebenzisa yonke imihla bengaqondi onke amanqanaba angaphantsi kwayo.

8.1 Ukhuseleko NgeCryptography, imizuzu eyi-57

I-Bitcoin NjengeNcwadi Egcinwe Kwiikhompyutha Ezininzi

Qala ngombono olula wesahluko wenethiwekhi yeBitcoin:

• I-Bitcoin yingxelo yokuthengiselana
• leyo ngxelo igcinwa kwiikhompyutha ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba zi-nodes
• incwadi yobalo yoluntu kwaye ayinazigama
• ibonisa iidilesi kunye nembali yokuthengiselana, hayi iinkcukacha zobuqu zomntu

Le ndawo inceda abafundi badibanise koko sele bekuyazi kumacandelo angaphambili. IBitcoin ayisekelwe kwiakhawunti ezifihlakeleyo ngaphakathi kwebhanki. Isekwe kwincwadi yobalo esetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi abanokuyiqinisekisa. iluncedo kakhulu apha kuba ibonisa abasebenzisi, iiwallets, kunye nenethiwekhi yeBitcoin edibanisa kwincwadi yobalo yoluntu.

Izitshixo Zikawonke-wonke Nezabucala

Ngoku ngenisa i-cryptography.

Chaza ukuba umsebenzisi ngamnye weBitcoin une:

• isitshixo sabucala, esimele sihlale sifihlakele
• isitshixo sikawonke-wonke, esinokuthi sabelwe abanye

Cacisa injongo yazo ngamagama alula:

• isitshixo sabucala sibonisa ulawulo kwaye sivumela ukuchitha imali
• isitshixo sikawonke-wonke sinceda abanye baqinisekise ukuba intengiselwano igunyaziswe ngokuchanekileyo

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufundeni kweli candelo kukuba iBitcoin isebenzisa i-cryptography yesitshixo sikawonke-wonke/abucala, hayi imodeli endala apho abantu ababini kufuneka babelane ngesitshixo esiyimfihlo kuqala. Oku kubalulekile kuba kuvumela ukuqinisekiswa okukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokunyanzela abasebenzisi ukuba babonakalise imfihlo egcina imali yabo ikhuselekile.

Ungayichaza ngolu hlobo:

• isitshixo sabucala sifana nobungqina obufihliweyo bokuba i-bitcoin yeyakho
• isitshixo sikawonke-wonke siyinxalenye yento evumela inethiwekhi ukuba iqinisekise igunya lakho
• nabani na olawula isitshixo sabucala ulawula amandla okuchitha i-bitcoin

Qaphela ungayenzi nzima kakhulu inkcazo ye-encryption. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubafundi kukubaqonda ubunini kunye negunya.

Utyikityo Lwedijithali kunye Nokugunyaziswa Kwentengiselwano

Ngoku chaza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa umntu ethumela i-bitcoin.

Sebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwesahluko:

• umsebenzisi wenza intengiselwano
• umthumeli wenza utyikityo lwedijithali esebenzisa isitshixo sabucala sakhe
• intengiselwano isasazwa kwinethiwekhi
• i-node ziqinisekisa ukuba utyikityo luchanekile
• xa sele iqinisekisiwe kwaye iqinisekisiwe, ubunini budluliselwa kwirekhodi

Cacisa ukuba utyikityo lwedijithali alufani nokubhala igama lakho. Liyingqinisiso ye-cryptography yokuba umnini wokwenene ugunyazise intengiselwano. Le yenye yezona ndlela ziphambili ezivumela iBitcoin ukuba isebenze ngaphandle komphathi ophakathi ovuma intengiselwano ngesandla. Umzobo uluncedo kuba ubonisa utyikityo kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngokubonakalayo, kunye nendlela yentengiselwano ukusuka kumthumeli ukuya ekuqinisekisweni kwenethiwekhi.

Isivakalisi esihle sekilasi singaba:

Iintengiselwano zeBitcoin azivunywa kuba ibhanki itshilo. Zamkelwa kuba inethiwekhi inokuthi iqinisekise ubungqina be-cryptography obuchanekileyo.

Ukugaya kunye neMisebenzi eyaKwicala elinye

Okulandelayo, chaza ukugaya (hashing).

Qala lula:

• umsebenzi uthatha igalelo aze uvelise imveliso
• umsebenzi oya kwicala elinye kulula ukuwusebenzisa kwicala elinye, kodwa akunakwenzeka ngokwenene ukuwubuyisela umva
• umsebenzi wokugaya uthatha idatha yobungakanani obubhaliweyo aze ayiguqulele kwimveliso yobude obusisigxina ebizwa ngokuba yi-hash

Sebenzisa enye yeengqiyame zesahluko, leyo uziva icacile kubaphulaphuli bakho:

• umzekelo we-smoothie kumsebenzi oya kwicala elinye
• umzekelo womnwe wedijithali kwiihash
• umzekelo womculo wokujonga ukuba into itshintshile na

Umzekelo womnwe wedijithali mhlawumbi ucace gca kwiiklasi ezininzi:

• i-hash ifana nomnwe wedijithali wedijithali wedatha
• ukuba igalelo litshintsha kancinci, i-hash itshintsha ngokupheleleyo
• oku kunceda iikhompyutha ziqinisekise ukuthembeka kwaye zifumanise ukungenelela okungekho semthethweni

Emva koko chaza ukuba kutheni ukugaya kubalulekile kwiBitcoin:

• iintengiselwano zigayiwe (hashed)
• inethiwekhi isebenzisa iihash ukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka
• ukuba intengiselwano itshintshiwe, i-hash iyatshintsha
• oku kunceda ukukhusela irekhodi ekuphazamisekeni okungabonakaliyo

Imizobo kumaphepha 7 ukuya ku-10 iluncedo kakhulu apha. Isahluko sibonisa zombini umbono wemveliso yobude obusisigxina kunye nomgaqo wokuba "utshintsho oluncinci, isiphumo esahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo", ongomnye wemigaqo ebalulekileyo abafundi ekufuneka bayiqonde.

Iimpawu Eziqhelekileyo zeMisebenzi yeHash

Hamba ngokufutshane ngeempawu ezigxininiswe kwisahluko, ungazenzi nzima kakhulu:

• Iyazinzisa: igalelo elifanayo linika imveliso efanayo rhoqo
• Iya kwicala elinye / ukumelana nomfanekiso wangaphambili: awukwazi ngokwenene ukubuyisela inkqubo umva
• Ivakalelwa kukutshintsha: utshintsho oluncinci kwigalelo lwenza imveliso eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo
• Ukumelana nokungquzulana: kunzima kakhulu ukufumana iigalelo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezinemveliso efanayo
• Iyakhawuleza ukuqinisekisa: umsebenzi usebenza kakuhle kwaye kulula ukuwujonga

Awudingi ukuba abafundi bafunde amagama onke, kodwa kufuneka baqonde umxholo jikelele: ukugaya kunika iBitcoin indlela ethembekileyo yokuchonga idatha kunye nokufumanisa utshintsho.

8.2 Imodeli ye-UTXO, imizuzu engama-25

Imodeli ye-UTXO

Ngoku singena kwicandelo lesibini elikhulu lesahluko: ii-UTXO, okanye ii-Unspent Transaction Outputs.

Chaza ngamagama alula usebenzisa umzekelo wemali esahlukweni:

• i-bitcoin ayilandelwa njengobalo lweakhawunti yebhanki kuphela
• endaweni yoko, yenziwe ngamaqhekeza anokuchithwa abizwa ngokuba yi-UTXO
• xa uchitha i-bitcoin, usebenzisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu ii-UTXO ezikhoyo njengemvelaphi
• ii-UTXO ezintsha zenziwa njengeziphumo

Sebenzisa umzekelo osesahlukweni:

• ukuba une-UTXO ye-10 BTC
• kwaye uthumela i-6 BTC
• i-UTXO entsha ye-6 BTC iya kumamkeli
• i-UTXO entsha yenguqu iya kubuya kuwe
• inxalenye encinci ihlawulwa njengemali yomvuzo wembiwa-migodi

Oku kunceda abafundi babone ukuba iBitcoin isebenza ngathi uchitha imali kwaye ufumana inguqu, hayi ngokususa amanani kwilayini yeakhawunti elula. Imizobo ibalasele kakhulu apha kuba ibonisa ngokucacileyo i-UTXO enye yahlulwe yaba yimveliso yomamkeli, imveliso yenguqu, kunye nemali yomvuzo.

Yenza la manqaku mabini abalulekileyo acace:

• ibhalansi ye-wallet yakho yisixa see-UTXO zakho
• xa uchitha, ii-UTXO ezindala ziyasetyenziswa kwaye ezintsha zenziwa

Ukuthintela Ukuphindaphinda Kweendleko (Double-Spending)

Vala umxholo ngokuchaza enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimodeli ye-UTXO.

Ukuba umntu uzama ukuchitha imveliso enye kabini, iinodi ziyala umzamo wesibini kuba zigcina i-ledger kwaye zingaqinisekisa ukuba loo UTXO sele isetyenzisiwe. Le ndlela iBitcoin ithintela ngayo ukuphindaphinda kweendleko ngaphandle kokufuna inkampani ephakathi yokulawula iirekhodi. Umzekelo uluncedo kakhulu apha kuba ubonisa u-Alice edibanisa ii-UTXO, ethumela imali kuSipho, efumana inguqu, kwaye itransekshini eqinisekisiweyo ihlaziya i-ledger kuzo zonke iinodi.

Indlela ecacileyo yokuyithetha eklasini yile:

I-Bitcoin ithintela ukuphindaphinda kweendleko kuba inethiwekhi igcina umkhondo wokuba zeziphi iimveliso ezingekachithwa kwaye zeziphi sele zisetyenzisiwe.

Isishwankathelo kunye nokuJonga uQwalaselo

Vala ngemibuzo embalwa ekhawulezayo:

• Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesitshixo sikawonke-wonke nesitshixo sabucala?
• Yintoni eboniswa sisiginitsha yedijithali?
• Kutheni i-hashing iluncedo kwiBitcoin?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba itransekshini itshintshwa emva kokuba i-hash yenziwe?
• Yintoni i-UTXO ngamagama alula?
• Inethiwekhi iyimisa njani umntu ekuchitheni i-bitcoin enye kabini?

Amanqaku oTitshala

Esi sahluko sinegama lobugcisa elingakumbi kunamahluko angaphambili, ngoko ke phambili ekucaciseni, umzekelo, kunye nokuphindaphinda.

Injongo ayikokwenza abafundi babe ngabaqambi beenkqubo. Injongo kukubanceda baqonde ukuba kutheni ukhuseleko lweBitcoin lusebenza.

Amanqaku abalaseleyo okufanele aphambili, ukuba ixesha lifutshane, ngala:

• isitshixo sabucala vs isitshixo sikawonke-wonke
• izisiginitsha zedijithali
• yintoni i-hashing eyenzayo
• ii-UTXO njengezicucu ze-bitcoin ezinokuchithwa
• indlela yokuthintela ukuphindaphinda kweendleko

Ezona mizobo ziluncedo kweli sahluko zezi:

• umzobo womsebenzisi-i-wallet-inethiwekhi
• umzobo wesiginitsha yedijithali
• imizekelo ye-hashing kunye nemizobo yemveliso yobude obusisigxina kumaphepha 7 ukuya ku-10
• imizobo ye-UTXO kumaphepha 10 ukuya ku-12

Oko Kukubonakala Kuhle

• Kubalulekile ukuphatha i-cryptography njengesiseko hayi imfihlakalo, usebenzise imizobo eninzi, uphephe imathematika enzulu, uqhagamshele kwicandelo langaphambili, kwaye uvavanye ukuqonda ngokusetyenziswa njengokuthi "Ukuba umntu utshintsha itransekshini enye, yintoni ephukayo?"
• Ootitshala kufuneka babe nomonde kubafundi abaxakekileyo, bacinge ngendlela yemizobo kwaye bazobe yonke into, bathethe inyaniso malunga nezinto abafundi abangadingi kuziqonda, bavume ukusho "Andazi kodwa nantsi indlela esinokuyifumana ngayo," kwaye bahlale bekhuthaza ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Abafundi bayaqonda ukuba kutheni iBitcoin ingenakugatywa kuba ikhuselekile ngemithetho yezibalo, bayahlonipha uyilo oluhle lwenkqubo, bazive bekhululekile kwinkimbinkimbi besazi ukuba abadingi yonke into, bafumane ukuzithemba ekubuzweni imibuzo ngaphandle kokugwetywa, kwaye baqaphele ukuba baphucule ukuqonda kwabo into abantu abaninzi abangayiqondiyo.
• Iziphumo zoFundo kufuneka zifezekiswe ukuba abafundi banokuchaza izisiseko ze-cryptography ezifana nemisebenzi yendlela enye kunye nezisiginitsha zedijithali ngaphandle kwemathematika enzulu, baqonde imodeli ye-UTXO ebonisa ukuba ungumnini weemali hayi ii-akhawunti, baqaphele i-hashing njengesiseko sokhuseleko lweBitcoin, baqonde isakhiwo setransekshini kubandakanya izisiginitsha kunye nokuqinisekiswa, bachaze ukuba kutheni iBitcoin ingatshintshi, kwaye babuze imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nokuhlaselwa okunokwenzeka okanye ubuthathaka.

Ulawulo lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, nikezela ingqalelo kwi:

• Isitshixo sabucala vs isitshixo sikawonkewonke
• Iisayini zedijithali
• Okwenziwa kukuhashisha
• UTXO njengezicucu ze-bitcoin ezinokusetyenziswa
• Indlela ekuthintelwa ngayo ukuphinda kusetyenziswe imali enye kabini

Ukuba uhamba phambili, thatha ixesha kwi:

• Umzobo womsebenzisi-i-wallet-inethiwekhi kunye nomfanekiso wokhuseleko
• Umfanekiso wesayini yedijithali: inkqubo ye-cryptography eneenkcukacha
• Imithi yeMerkle kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo
• Iindlela eziphambili zokuhlasela kunye nesizathu sokuba zingaphumeleli

Ukuba abafundi banengxaki

• I-cryptography ibonakala isoyikisa → "Uyisebenzisa yonke imihla; i-Bitcoin iyisebenzisa ngendlela efanayo."
• Ukuhashisha njengengcamango → Umzekelo weminwe; yahlukile, ayinakutshintshwa ngaphandle kokutshintsha i-hash.
• Iisayini zedijithali → "Ibonisa imvume ngaphandle kokutyhila iphasiwedi."

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcamango Ephambili: Ukumba kweBitcoin kunye nokuqinisekisa kwenode kusebenza kunye ukukhusela inethiwekhi, ukuqinisekisa iintengiselwano, kunye nokunyanzelisa imithetho yenkqubo ngokusebenzisa Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi (Proof of Work).

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi kufuneka bakwazi:

• Chaza umahluko phakathi kwendima yeenode zeBitcoin kunye nendima yabavumbi beBitcoin.
• Chaza indlela iinodes eziqinisekisa ngayo iintengiselwano, ukwabelana ngolwazi, kunye nokunceda ukunyanzelisa imithetho yeBitcoin.
• Chaza into abayenzayo abavumbi, kubandakanya ukukhetha iintengiselwano, ukwakha iibhloko ezilindelekileyo, kunye nokhuphiswano lokufumana i-hash efanelekileyo yebhloko.
• Chaza i-mempool kwaye uchaze ukuba kutheni isebenza njengegumbi lokulinda leentengiselwano ezingekaqinisekiswa.
• Chaza indlela imirhumo yeentengiselwano echaphazela ngayo ukhetho lwabavumbi kunye nesantya sokuqinisekiswa.
• Chaza Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi (Proof of Work) njengendlela ekhuseleka ngayo iBitcoin ngokwenza uhlaselo lube luxabisa kakhulu.
• Chaza indlela ulungelelwaniso lobunzima olunceda ukugcina ixesha lebhloko eliphakathi kwemizuzu eli-10.
• Hamba nomfundi kwinkqubo epheleleyo yentengiselwano yeBitcoin, ukusuka ekudalweni nasekutyikityweni ukuya ekuqinisekisweni kwi-bhloko.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokuncedisa

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 9 - Isebenza Njani Imigodi yeBitcoin?

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama — Isahluko 9 — Amagama: ukumba, Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi, iphazili ye-hash, ulungelelwaniso lobunzima, umvuzo webhloko, mempool, uhlaselo lwe-51%
• Iithala leencwadi zeNgcamango Engalunganga — Isahluko 9 — Jonga: "abavumbi benza iBitcoin entlango," "abavumbi balawula iBitcoin," "ukumba okungakumbi = ukhuseleko oluncinci"
• Iitshathi Zothelekiso & Amashiti oLwazi — Uqoqosho lokumba: ingeniso, iindleko, ukuvumelana kwenkuthazo; ulungelelwaniso lobunzima
• Iingcaciso zobuGcisa & Ukujonga Ngokunzulu — Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi bokhuseleko; kutheni uhlaselo luxabisa kakhulu; umda we-51%

Imisebenzi

• Ukuhlola iMempool
• Iintengiselwano Zisebenza

Ukufundisa kwi-Intanethi

• Sebenzisa umzobo ocacileyo wokuhamba kwentengiselwano ukusuka ekutyikityweni kwiwallet ukuya ekuqinisekisweni.
• Gcina iinodes kunye nabavumbi zahlulwe ngokubonakalayo kwiscreen kuyo yonke isifundo.
• Sebenzisa i-mempool.space okanye umfanekiso-skrini wayo ukubonisa iintengiselwano ezingekaqinisekiswa kunye noxinzelelo lwemirhumo.
• Yima emva kwesigaba ngasinye senkqubo yokumba uze ubuze umbuzo omnye omfutshane wokuqonda.

Ulungiselelo

• Lungiselela umzobo wenkqubo yokumba (mempool → ukhetho lwentengiselwano → ukudalwa kwebhloko → ulungelelwaniso lobunzima) ukuze uboniswe.
• Phawula i-mempool.space okanye iphepha lemininingwane yokumba kwi-blockchain.com; lungiselela imifanekiso-skrini yemeko yangoku yokumba kunye nolungelelwaniso lobunzima.
• Yenza ingcaciso ebonakalayo yoBubungqina Bomsebenzi njengendlela yokhuseleko; bonisa ulungelelwaniso lobunzima kwiinyanga ezi-3-6 ezidlulileyo.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sijonga ngokunzulu indlela iintengiselwano zeBitcoin ezihamba ngayo kwinethiwekhi kwaye zibe yinxalenye ye-blockchain. Ngoku ilandela ngokuthe ngqo ulwakhiwo lweDiploma ukuze amacandelo aphambili ahambelane nesikhokelo somfundi ngelixa kugcinwa ingcaciso epheleleyo yomfundisi ngaphakathi kwicandelo ngalinye.

9.0 Intshayelelo, imizuzu esi-8

Qala ngokudibanisa esi sahluko nesidlulileyo:

• Ukuba umsebenzisi utyikitya intengiselwano ngesitshixo sabucala, kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
• Ngubani ojonga ukuba le ntengiselwano ivumelekile?
• Iyongezwa njani kwi-blockchain?
• Kutheni iBitcoin ifuna iinodes kunye nabavumbi?

Cacisa ukuba esi sahluko sichaza indlela inethiwekhi eqhuba ngayo iintengiselwano ngokwenene kunye nendlela ukumba okukhusela ngayo inkqubo ngaphandle komphathi ophakathi.

9.1 Iinodes zeBitcoin kunye nabavumbi, imizuzu engama-47

Iinodes kunye nabavumbi, Iindima Ezahlukeneyo

Qala ngokwahlula ngokucacileyo ezi ndima zimbini.

Iinodes zeBitcoin:

• zigcina ikopi ye-blockchain
• ziqinisekisa ukuba iintengiselwano zilandela imithetho
• zabelana ngolwazi nezinye iinodes
• zinceda ii-wallets kunye nezinye iisoftware ukufikelela kwidatha ye-blockchain
• zingala iintengiselwano ezingavumelekanga okanye iibhloko ezingavumelekanga

Isahluko sichaza ii-node njengabalindi bokuvavanya, kwaye siyayandisa loo nto ngomzekeliso womlindi wendlela wedijithali. Oku kuyanceda kuba kubonisa ii-node njengabahloli kunye nabalungelelanisi, hayi njengookumkani. Umzobo ukwakhona uqinisekisa ukuba ii-node ezininzi zigcina iikopi zencwadi-mali kwihlabathi lonke.

Abavukuzi beBitcoin:

• baqokelela iintengiselwano ezisemthethweni
• bahlanganisa iibhloko ezizakungeniswa
• bakhuphisana ukufumana i-hash yebhloko evumelekileyo
• basasaza iibhloko ezisemthethweni xa bephumelele
• bafumana imivuzo yebhloko kunye nemirhumo yeentengiselwano

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo efundwayo kwesi sahluko kukuba injongo yokumba ayisosokudala i-bitcoin entsha kuphela, kodwa kukusasaza ukhuseleko lweBitcoin. I-bitcoin entsha yinkuthazo, ngelixa inkqubo yokumba ngokwayo iyindlela yokhuseleko.

Okwenziwa Zizithuthi Ngokwenene

Yakha kwicandelo le-node usebenzisa uluhlu lwemisebenzi ye-node esahlukweni:

• Abalindi bokuvavanya: bajonga ukuba iintengiselwano kunye neebhloko zilandela imithetho
• Iziko lonxibelelwano: zixhuma omnye komnye kwaye zabelana ngedatha yeentengiselwano
• Umhloli womgangatho: ziwala ulwazi olungasebenziyo
• Umazisi we-blockchain: zinika idatha kwezinye izixhobo ezifana neewallet
• Umamkeli we-node entsha: zinceda ii-node ezintsha ukufumana i-blockchain, ngelixa i-node nganye entsha isaqinisekisa idatha ngokuzimeleyo

Lixesha elifanelekileyo lokugxininisa ukuba ukuqhuba i-node kunika umsebenzisi inkululeko engakumbi. Endaweni yokuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwiinkonzo zangaphandle ukubaxelela imeko yenethiwekhi, banokuyiqinisekisa ngokwabo. yenza le ngongoma icace, kuquka nokukhankanywa kweBitcoin Core njengomzekelo wesoftware abasebenzisi abanokuyiqhuba.

Okwenziwa Ngabavukuzi Ngokwenene

Ngoku chaza inkqubo yokumba ngokucokisekileyo.

Abavukuzi:

• baqokelela iintengiselwano eziqinisekisiweyo kodwa ezingekaqinisekiswa
• bazidibanisa zibe yibhloko ezizakungeniswa
• baphinda-phinda i-hash yedatha yebhloko bejonga i-hash evumelekileyo
• basasaza ibhloko ephumeleleyo kwinethiwekhi
• bafumana imivuzo ukuba ibhloko yamkelwe

Sebenzisa umzekeliso wesahluko 'isikhwama esikhulu sezitshixo' ukuba kuyanceda. Inika abafundi umfanekiso ocacileyo womdyarho wokumba. Ingcamango ephambili ayikokuba abavukuzi basombulula ingxaki yezibalo encedayo ngokwesiqhelo, kodwa kukuba babonisa ukuba basebenzise amandla okwenyani kunye nokubala ukukhusela inkqubo.

Apha kukwakho nethuba lokuchaza imivuzo yabavukuzi:

• umvuzo webhloko: i-bitcoin entsha ekhutshelweyo
• imirhumo yeentengiselwano: imirhumo eqhotyoshelwe kwiintengiselwano abafuna ziqinisekiswe

Cacisa ukuba abavukuzi badla ngokukhetha iintengiselwano ezinemirhumo ephezulu, kuba oko kwandisa umvuzo wabo. Isahluko sichaza nokuqhawulwa komvuzo (halving) apha, ngoko ungakhankanya ngokufutshane ukuba umvuzo webhloko wehla rhoqo kwiibhloko ezili-210,000, malunga neminyaka emine, ngokwecebo lolawulo lwesibonelelo seBitcoin. Amakhasi 5 no 6 aquka ishedyuli yesibonelelo kunye netafile yokuncitshiswa okulandelayo, enokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa okuqikelelweyo kweBitcoin.

I-Valid Block Hash, Proof of Work, kunye noLungiso lobunzima

Esi sahluko sesona sixhobo siphambili sesahluko.

Cacisa ukuba abavukuzi bafuna i-hash yebhloko evumelekileyo, oko kuthetha i-hash yebhloko edibana nenjongo yenethiwekhi. Isahluko sichaza oku njengokufumana inani elingaphantsi kwenjongo emiselwe yenethiwekhi.

Emva koko chaza iProof of Work ngokucacileyo:

• abavukuzi kufuneka benze umsebenzi wokubala ophindaphindiweyo
• owokuqala ukufumana i-hash evumelekileyo ubonisa ukuba wenze loo msebenzi
• oku kwenza kubize kakhulu ukuphinda kubhalwe okanye ukuhlasela incwadi-mali
• ii-node emva koko ziqinisekisa ibhloko phambi kokuyamkela

Umhlathi onamandla wokufundisa ngulo:

IProof of Work ikhusela iBitcoin ngokwenza ubuqhetseba bubize kwaye ukuqinisekisa kube lula.

Chaza nolungiso lobunzima:

• inethiwekhi ilungisa ubunzima bokumba rhoqo kwiibhloko ezili-2,016
• oku kwenzeka malunga neentsuku ezilishumi elinesine
• injongo kukugcina ixesha eliphakathi kwebhloko kufutshane nemizuzu eli-10
• xa amandla okumba enyuka kwinethiwekhi, ubunzima buyenyuka
• xa amandla okumba ehla, ubunzima buhla

Amakhasi 7 no 8 achaza le nkqubo kwaye abonisa indlela ekuya kuba nzima ngayo ukufumana i-hash xa injongo inzima. Oku kunceda abafundi baqonde ukuba ixesha leBitcoin alilawulwa ligunya eliphakathi kodwa yimigaqo yeprotocol ephendula ngokuzenzekelayo kwiimeko zenethiwekhi.

9.2 Yintoni iMempool?, imizuzu eli-15

Ngoku qhubeka uye kwi-mempool.

Cacisa ukuba i-mempool ligumbi lokulinda leentengiselwano ezisemthethweni, ezingekaqinisekiswa. Xa umsebenzisi esasaza intengiselwano, ii-node ziqinisekisa kuqala. Ukuba ivumelekile, bayongeza kwi-mempool yabo kwaye bayabelana ngayo nezinye ii-node. Emva koko abavukuzi banokukhetha kwezo ntengiselwano zilindileyo xa besakha ibhloko. Amakhasi 10 no 11 achaza le nkqubo ngokuthe ngqo.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo okufanele ugxininise:

• i-mempool ayisosetyenziswa lwe-blockchain
• iintengiselwano ezikhoyo azikakaqinisekiswa
• isikhululo ngasinye sigcina eyaso i-mempool
• akukho mempool enye yelizwe lonke
• iintengiselwano ezineemali zefizi eziphezulu zinethuba elingcono lokukhethwa ngokukhawuleza

Isahluko sikwachaza nezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuba intengiselwano ingahlala ingaqinisekiswanga ixesha elide:

• imali yefizi ephantsi
• uxinzelelo lwenethiwekhi
• umzamo wokuphinda kusetyenziswe imali enye kabini
• idatha engachanekanga okanye engaphelelanga
• intengiselwano engalunganga

Ukuba kuyanceda, khankanya umsebenzi usebenzisa i-mempool.space njengendlela ebonakalayo yokujonga iintengiselwano ezingakaqinisekiswa kunye namanqanaba efizi. Kwakhona cacisa ukuba i-mempool.space ngumkhangeli nje, hayi i-mempool ngokwayo.

9.3 Indlela Iintengiselwano zeBitcoin Ezisebenza Ngayo, imizuzu engama-20

Ngoku dibanisa yonke into usebenzisa amanyathelo esahluko.

Inguqulelo ecacileyo yaseklasini yile:

1. Umthumeli ukhetha i-UTXO aze enze intengiselwano
2. Umthumeli wongeza idilesi yomamkeli kunye nefizi
3. Umthumeli usayina intengiselwano ngeyabo isitshixo sabucala
4. Intengiselwano isasazwa kwinethiwekhi
5. Izikhululo ziyiqinisekisa kwaye ziyongeza kwi-mempool yazo
6. Abavukuzi bayayikhetha ukuze ibe yinxalenye ye-block enokubakho
7. Abavukuzi bayakhuphisana ngeProof of Work
8. Umvukuzi omnye ufumana i-hash ye-block evumelekileyo aze asasaze i-block
9. Izikhululo ziqinisekisa i-block kwaye ziyongeza kwi-blockchain
10. Intengiselwano ifumana iziqinisekiso njengoko kongezwa ii-blocks
11. Yenza ingongoma yokugqibela icace:
12. xa intengiselwano ifakwe kwi-block evumelekileyo, iqinisekisiwe
13. iimali ezisetyenzisiweyo azinakusetyenziswa kwakhona
14. umamkeli ngoku ulawula ii-UTXO ezintsha ezenziwe yile ntengiselwano

Umzobo wesishwankathelo uluncedo kakhulu apha kuba ubonakalisa inkqubo yonke ukusuka kusayino lwe-wallet ukuya ekufakweni ngumvukuzi ukuya ekuqinisekisweni kwesikhululo nasekusasazweni kwe-block.

Isiphelo kunye nokuJonga uQondiso

Gqibezela ngemibuzo embalwa ekhawulezayo:

• Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesikhululo nomvukuzi?
• Yintoni i-mempool?
• Kutheni ezinye iintengiselwano ziqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza kunezinye?
• Yintoni eboniswa yiProof of Work?
• Kutheni iBitcoin ilungisa ubunzima bokumba?
• Zeziphi ezona ndlela ziphambili phakathi kokuthumela intengiselwano kunye nokufumana isiqinisekiso?

Amanqaku oTitshala

Gcina umgca ophambili wokufundisa ucocekile: izikhululo ziqinisekisa, abavukuzi bayakhuphisana, iProof of Work ikhuseleka, kwaye i-mempool igcina iintengiselwano ezivumelekileyo de ziqinisekiswe.

Esi sahluko sinokuziva sinzima, ke sebenzisa imizekeliso nemizobo rhoqo.

Kuphephe ukwenza ukuba ukumba kubonakale ngathi "kudalwa i-bitcoin ngaphandle komthombo." Cacisa ukuba ibhaso yikhuthazo, ngelixa inkqubo yokumba ikhuseleka inethiwekhi.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo okufanele aphambili, ukuba ixesha lifutshane, ngala:

1. Umahluko phakathi kweendima zesikhululo nomvukuzi
2. I-mempool njengegumbi lokulinda
3. Proof of Work
4. Ulungiso lobunzima
5. Ukuhamba kwentengiselwano ukusuka kusayino ukuya kwisiqinisekiso

Umzekelo Omhle

• Kubalulekile ukucacisa kwangoko ukuba Abavukuzi ≠ Izikhululo, ubonise ukumba njengomsebenzi wezoqoqosho oneendleko zezixhobo kunye nombane, usebenzise ulungiso lobunzima kunye neProof of Work ukuchaza indlela yokhuseleko, kwaye uvavanye ukuqonda ngemizekelo malunga notshintsho kwinethiwekhi.
• Ootitshala kufuneka basebenzise amanani okwenyani ukuxhasa iingxoxo, bacacise gca baze baphinde-phinde umahluko phakathi kwabaSebenzisi-migodi (Miners) kunye neeNode, babe nenyani malunga nemiceli-mngeni yokugxila kwamandla kwiindawo zokumba (mining pools), kwaye bahloniphe ubunzima bokwenene obubandakanyekayo.
• Abafundi bayaqonda ukuba ukumba (mining) kwenziwa ngabantu abahlakaniphile abenza umsebenzi onzima kuba bafumana iBitcoin, bayabona ukuba imivuzo ikhuthaza ukuziphatha ngokunyanisekileyo kuba ingeniso yabasebenzi-migodi ixhomekeke ekuphumeleleni kweBitcoin, babona indlela inkqubo izilawula ngayo ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuhlengahlengisa ubunzima, baqonda ukuba ukumba yishishini lokwenene hayi uncedo, kwaye bayayixabisa into yokuba ukhuseleko lweBitcoin lubiza umbane nemali yokwenene.
• Iziphumo zokufunda ziya kufezeka ukuba abafundi bayakwazi ukwahlula abasebenzi-migodi abenza iibhloko kwi-node eziqinisekisa, baqonde iProof of Work njengesixhobo sokhuseleko esenza uhlaselo lubize kakhulu, baqaphele ukuba uhlengahlengiso lobunzima lugcina ixesha lebhloko malunga nemizuzu eli-10, baqonde imivuzo yabasebenzi-migodi malunga nemivuzo yeebhloko kunye nemirhumo, bachaze ukuba kutheni uhlaselo lwe-51% lungasebenzi, kwaye babone ukumba njengezenzo zoqoqosho ezineendleko kunye neenzuzo zokwenene.

Ulawulo lwexesha

Ukuba ixesha lifutshane, phambili:

• Iindima zeNode vs miner (umaahluko obalulekileyo)
• IMempool njengegumbi lokulinda
• Indlela yeProof of Work
• Uhlengahlengiso lobunzima (inkqubo ezilawula ngokwayo)
• Ukuhamba kwentengiselwano ukusuka ekusayineni ukuya ekuqinisekisweni

Ukuba phambili, thatha ixesha kwi:

• Uqoqosho lokumba kunye neenkcukacha zezixhobo
• Iindlela zokusebenza kwe-mining pool kunye nemiceli-mngeni yokugxila kwamandla
• Iimeko zohlaselo lwe-51% kunye nokuba kutheni zingasebenzi ngokwe-mathematika
• Ukhuseleko lwexesha elide ngokudibanisa imivuzo

Ukuba Abafundi Bayasokola

• Abasebenzi-migodi vs. ii-node (ukungaqondi) → "Ii-node ziqinisekisa, abasebenzi-migodi bacebisa; amagosa vs. abadlali."
• Proof of Work iyachitha → "Ukhuseleko olubiza imali luthintela uhlaselo; lwenza lungabi naxesha."
• Uhlengahlengiso lobunzima → "Abasebenzi-migodi abaninzi = iibhloko ezikhawulezayo = ubunzima buyenyuka; inkqubo iyaphefumla."

Ixesha: Imizuzu engama-90

Ingcinga Ephambili: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemali zenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu, kwaye iBitcoin imema abafundi ukuba bacinge ngekamva elakhiwe yimigaqo eqinileyo, uxanduva olukhulu, kunye nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye.

Iinjongo Zokufunda

Ekupheleni kwesi sifundo, abafundi kufuneka bakwazi uku:

• Chaza ukuba yintoni i-Central Bank Digital Currencies, okanye i-CBDCs, kwaye zahluke njani kwiBitcoin.
• Thelekisa ulawulo, umgaqo-nkqubo wemali, iziphumo zabucala, kunye nemingcipheko yokuthintelwa kwe-CBDCs kunye neBitcoin.
• Chaza ifilosofi ephambili yeBitcoin, kubandakanya inkululeko, ukuzimela, ukuzimela kwezezimali, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yemigaqo engaphakathi.
• Vavanya izibonelelo eziphambili ezihlala zinxulunyaniswa nokwamkelwa okubanzi kweBitcoin, kubandakanya ukonga okuqinileyo, ukuthumela imali ngaphandle okuphucukileyo, ukucaca okukhulu, kunye nolawulo lwezezimali lomntu ngamnye.
• Ziveze ngendlela iBitcoin enokuchaphazela ngayo ikamva lemali, amandla omntu ngamnye, kunye nempilo yoluntu.
• Phinda ujonge kwaye uqinisekise ukuqonda kwabo imibuzo emikhulu ehlolwe kulo lonke ikhosi, kubandakanya ukuba yintoni imali, kutheni ibalulekile, ngubani oyilawulayo, kunye nokuba luhlobo luni lwekamva iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemali ezizakuzisa.

Izixhobo & Nezixhobo Zokusebenza

Izixhobo Zibonakalayo

• Isahluko 10 - Luhlobo Luni Lwekamva iBitcoin Enokulakha?

IThala leencwadi loNcedo

• Ikhadi leNgcaciso yeGama — Isahluko 10 — Amagama: CBDC, ukumelana nokuthintelwa, ukuzimela kwezezimali, imvume engenamda, ukubhankisha abangekabhanki, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okugqithisileyo
• Iitshathi Zothelekiso & Amaphepha eNgcaciso — CBDC vs. Bitcoin: ulawulo, ubumfihlo, umngcipheko wokuthintelwa, ukufikeleleka
• Iimeko Zobomi Bokwenyani & Ithala leFundo leMehlo — Isahluko 10 — Amabali empembelelo yeBitcoin: abasebenzi bokuthumela imali, ukubhankisha abangekabhanki, ukubaleka kukunyuka kwamaxabiso okugqithisileyo

Imisebenzi

• Imvumelwano
• Ububhanki beFractional Reserve

Ukufundisa kwi-Intanethi

• Sebenzisa itheyibhile elula yothelekiso ye-CBDCs kunye neBitcoin egxile kulawulo, ubumfihlo, kunye nokumelana nokuthintelwa.
• Buyisela imibuzo yokuvula yesahluko 1 ukuze abafundi bacinge ngendlela ingcinga yabo etshintshileyo.
• Sebenzisa amagumbi okuphuma ukuze ingxoxo yokugqibela yokuziveza yenziwe ngabafundi abaninzi kunokuba kwifowuni yeqela elipheleleyo.
• Gqiba ngengxelo emfutshane ebhaliweyo ubuza ukuba luhlobo luni lwenkqubo yemali abafundi abanqwenela ukuba ibe yiyo kwaye kutheni.

Ukulungiselela

• Lungiselela itshathi yothelekiso ye-CBDC vs. Bitcoin egqamisa umahluko kulawulo, ubumfihlo, ukumelana nokuthintelwa, kunye nokulandeleka.
• Lungiselela imibuzo yokuvula yesahluko 1 ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuphinda bajonge kwaye bathelekise iimpendulo zabo ekupheleni kwekhosi.
• Lungiselela iimeko ezi-2-3 zobomi bokwenyani (ukuthumela imali, ukubaleka kukunyuka kwamaxabiso okugqithisileyo, ukubhankisha abangekabhanki) ezifanelekileyo kummandla wakho.

Inkqubo

Esi sifundo sokugqibela sihlanganisa ikhosi ngokubuza ukuba luhlobo luni lwekamva iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemali ezizakwenza zibe nokwenzeka. Isikhokelo ngoku silandela ngokuthe ngqo ulwakhiwo lweDiploma, ngelixa ingxelo yokugqibela isahleli ifakiwe njengenkxaso yomfundisi endaweni yokuba yintloko yomxholo eyahlukileyo.

10.0 Intshayelelo, imizuzu eyi-8

Qala ngokubeka esi sahluko njengesiphelo seDiploma yonke:

• Emva kwayo yonke into esiyifundileyo, luhlobo luni lwekamva inkqubo yemali yangoku eyakha?
• Luhlobo luni lwekamva iBitcoin enokuluxhasa endaweni yoko?
• Kutheni uyilo lwemali lubalulekile ngaphaya kwezoqoqosho?

Cacisa ukuba esi sifundo asijolisi kuphela ekuphindaphindeni iinyani. Sijolise ekuncedeni abafundi badibanise onke amacandelo adlulileyo kumfanekiso omkhulu ngemali, amandla, inkululeko, kunye nekamva.

10.1 Yintoni i-Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)?, imizuzu engama-27

CBDCs, Yintoni Ziyiyo Kwaye Ngubani OziLawulayo

Chaza ngokucacileyo ukuba i-CBDCs ziinguqulelo zedijithali zemali ye-fiat ekhutshwa kwaye ilawulwa ziibhanki eziphakathi. Zilandele umgaqo ofanayo nemali ye-fiat, ulawulo oluphakathi, unikezelo olunokwandiswa, kunye nokuxhomekeka kugunyaziwe wombuso, kodwa ngendlela edijithali ngokupheleleyo.

Gqamisa amanqaku aphambili okufundisa kweli candelo:

• I-CBDCs azilolutsha lwemali yedijithali engenamkhethe
• zinika urhulumente ukubonakala ngokuthe ngqo kwiintengiselwano
• zinokwandisa ulawulo lombuso ngendlela imali esetyenziswa ngayo
• zinokwenza kube lula ukuvala, ukuvimba, okanye ukunciphisa iintengiselwano
• zigxininisa ukongamela kunye nokunyanzeliswa ngokuthe ngqo ngakumbi kunemali yephepha

Le yindawo elungileyo yokugxininisa ukuba isahluko sibonisa i-CBDCs njengolwandiso olukhulu lolawulo lwemali, hayi njengendlela eya ekuzimeleni kwezezimali. Imizekelo ekubhalweni, enjengeentlawulo ezivaliweyo okanye ukuthengwa okuthintelweyo, inceda ukwenza iziphumo zibe sezantsi ngakumbi kubafundi.

Ukuba kuyanceda, unokukhankanya ukuba isahluko sikhankanya uphando olubanzi lwehlabathi malunga ne-CBDCs, nto leyo egxininisa ukuba le yindlela yomgaqo-nkqubo yangoku, hayi umxholo wengcinga nje.

Bitcoin vs CBDCs, Iikamva Ezimbini Ezahlukileyo Ngokugqithisileyo

Ngoku yenza umahluko ube ngowacacileyo.

Sebenzisa umfanekiso othelekisayo, othelekisa i-CBDC kunye ne-Bitcoin kwiindidi ezifana nokubonelelwa, ulawulo, ukucaca, imvume, umngcipheko wokuthathwa kweeakhawunti, ubumfihlo, kunye nokumelana nokucinezelwa. Lo mfanekiso uqinile kakhulu kuba unceda abafundi babone ngokukhawuleza ukuba nangona zombini ziyi-digital, zimele iinkqubo zemali ezahlukeneyo kakhulu.

Ulwakhiwo olucacileyo lokufundisa apha lolu:

I-CBDC

• ubonelelo olungenamda okanye olunokwandiswa
• ulawulo olugxile embindini
• ufikelelo olufuna imvume
• umngcipheko omkhulu wokubekwa phantsi kolawulo
• kulula ukucinezelwa kunye nemida kwiakhawunti
• umngcipheko ophezulu wokuthathwa kweeakhawunti

Bitcoin

• ubonelelo olusisigxina lwe-21 million
• ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho okungagxilwanga embindini
• ufikelelo oluvulekileyo nolungafuni mvume
• ukumelana nokucinezelwa okomeleleyo
• umngcipheko omncinci wokugcina imali ngokwakho
• ulwazi olungakumbi ngobumfihlo ngenxa yoyilo olungaziwayo ngokupheleleyo

Yenza kucace ukuba umahluko ophambili asiyotekhnoloji kuphela. Kukuba ngubani olawula imithetho, ngubani onokuyitshintsha, kunye nokuba umsebenzisi unenkululeko engakanani ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.

10.2 Ifilosofi ye-Bitcoin, imizuzu eli-15

Guqulela kwisiseko sefilosofi sale sahluko.

Cacisa ukuba ifilosofi ye-Bitcoin isekwe ku:

• ukomelezwa kwamandla
• inkululeko
• uzimele kwezezimali
• ukucinga okunzulu
• ukuzimela ekwenzeni izigqibo
• ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo apho imithetho ingalawulwa ligunya elinye eliphakathi

Isahluko sikwadibanisa oku nokusebenza kwenode, sicacisa ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo banokunceda ukukhusela imithetho yenethiwekhi yemali ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngqo kuyo. Elo ngqwalaselo ibalulekile: i-Bitcoin asisixhobo nje abantu abasisebenzisayo, yinkqubo abantu abanokuyikhusela kwaye bayiqinisekise.

Ungayenza le thelekiso ngolu hlobo:

• kwiinkqubo zemali eziqhelekileyo, amandla emali agxile embindini
• ku-Bitcoin, ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho kusasazwa phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba
• kwiinkqubo zemali eziqhelekileyo, amaziko anokutshintsha imithetho
• ku-Bitcoin, akukho mntu mnye onokutshintsha inkqubo yemali yedwa

Le ndima kufuneka incede abafundi babone ukuba i-Bitcoin asiyiyo nje i-app entsha yokuhlawula. Ibonisa umbono ohlukileyo wamandla, intsebenziswano, kunye nenkululeko yomntu.

10.3 Iingenelo ze-Bitcoin, imizuzu eli-18

Ngoku hamba neengenelo eziphambili ezidweliswe kwesi sahluko xa kusetyenziswa i-Bitcoin ngokubanzi.

Akufuneki uzibonise njengezinto eziqinisekisiweyo. Zibonise njengeziphumo ezibalulekileyo ezichazwe kwesi sahluko ukuba i-Bitcoin inokuzenza ukuba yamkelwe ngokubanzi.

Ulwakhiwo oluncedisayo lolu:

Ikamva lokuzimela

• abantu ngabanye banolawulo olukhulu kwimali nakwiimpahla zedijithali
• abangaphakathi abambalwa baphakathi kwabantu kunye nempahla yabo
• abantu bafumana uxanduva oluthe ngqo kunye nokuzimela ngakumbi

Indawo yokugcina ixabiso ethembekileyo

• ukungabikho kwe-Bitcoin kunceda ukonga ixesha elide
• ubonelelo olusisigxina lutshintsha indlela abantu abacinga ngayo ngokusebenzisa, ukonga, kunye nokucwangcisa

Utshintsho kwimithetho yemali

• urhulumente wayenokungabi namandla amaninzi okwandisa ubonelelo lwemali nanini na efuna
• uluntu lunokuhamba luselele kumandla okuthenga aqinileyo kunye nokucwangcisa ixesha elide

Ukucaca okuphuculweyo kunye nokulandeleka

• incwadi kawonke-wonke yenza ukuhamba kwealth kubonakale kwaye kube lula ukukhangela
• oku kunokunyusa uxanduva xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zemali ezingacacanga

Uguquko kwiintlawulo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe

• I-Lightning ivumela ukuthunyelwa kwemali ngokukhawuleza nangexabiso eliphantsi ngaphaya kwemida yamazwe
• oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiintsapho ezithumela imali encinci kwamanye amazwe

Amandla amaninzi

• Ukumba iBitcoin kungasebenzisa amandla ashiyekileyo okanye angasetyenziswa
• isahluko sibonisa ukumba njengekhuthazo elinokubakho lokusebenzisa amandla ngcono kunye nophuhliso

Amanqaku aphambili ngowona mgangatho ucacileyo kweli candelo, kwaye akunika indlela ecocekileyo yokushwankathela ingxoxo enkulu yezentlalo noqoqosho malunga neBitcoin.

10.4 Ikamva Elinamandla, imizuzu engama-22

Ikamva Elinamandla

Sebenzisa eli candelo ukudibanisa umyalezo.

Ingxoxo yesahluko kukuba imali imisela indlela uluntu olusebenza ngayo kuba inceda ukulungelelanisa oko abantu bakuxabisayo, abakuphehlayo, nabakubeka phambili. Xa imali ilawulwa embindini, ezo mpawu ziyaphazamiseka. Xa imali inobuninzi obusisigxina kunye nemithetho engenakutshintshwa liqela elinye, uluntu lufumana isiseko esahlukileyo sokucwangcisa, ukonga, kunye nokutshintshiselana.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo lokufundisa apha leli:

I-Bitcoin itshintsha hayi kuphela indlela imali ehamba ngayo, kodwa ikwatshintsha nabantu abafumana ulawulo kwimigaqo yemali kwasekuqaleni.

Lixesha elifanelekileyo lokukhumbuza abafundi ukuba ikhosi ibisoloko isakhela esi sigqibo ukusukela ekuqaleni:

• kutheni sifuna imali
• yintoni eyenza imali ibe mhle okanye imbi
• indlela esebenza ngayo imali ye-fiat
• kutheni iBitcoin yadalwa
• indlela yokuyisebenzisa
• indlela esebenza ngayo ngokwezobugcisa
• kwaye ngoku, luhlobo luni lwekamva enokulunceda ukudala

Ingxoxo Yokugqibela Yeklasi kunye noVavanyo lweKhosi

Ngoku tshintshela kumsebenzi wokugqibela wengxoxo yesahluko.

Buyela kwimibuzo ephambili echazwe ekupheleni kwesahluko:

• Kutheni sifuna imali?
• Yintoni imali?
• Ngubani olawula imali?
• Yintoni enika imali ixabiso layo?

Emva koko cela abafundi ukuba babuyele kwimibuzo kunye neengcinga ababenazo kwiSahluko 1 baze bayithelekise nendlela abacinga ngayo ngoku. Amaphepha okugqibela esahluko abaluleke kakhulu apha kuba acela abafundi ngokucacileyo ukuba bathelekise iimpendulo zabo zokuqala nezintsha baze bacinge ngotshintsho olwenziweyo.

Ungakhokela olu vavanyo ngamanyathelo amathathu:

• Wawucinga ntoni ekuqaleni kwekhosi?
• Yintoni oyiva ngokucacileyo ngoku?
• Yintoni inyathelo lakho elilandelayo emva kwekhosi?

Olu vavanyo lubalulekile kuba lwenza isahluko sokugqibela sibe ngaphezulu kokushwankathela. Lunceda abafundi baqaphele inkqubela yabo yokucinga.

Iziphakamiso zemibuzo yokuvavanya

• Wawucinga ntoni ekuqaleni kwekhosi?
• Yintoni oyiva ngokucacileyo ngoku?
• Yintoni inyathelo lakho elilandelayo emva kwekhosi?

Isishwankathelo kunye nokuQinisekisa uQondiso

Gqibezela ngemibuzo embalwa ekhawulezayo:

• Yintoni i-CBDC?
• Yintoni umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweBitcoin kunye neCBDC?
• Yintoni ifilosofi yeBitcoin egxininisa kuyo?
• Yintoni enye inzuzo yokwamkelwa kweBitcoin ngokubanzi echazwe kwisahluko?
• Ujongo lwakho ngemali lutshintshe njani ukusukela kwiSahluko 1?

Amanqaku oTitshala

Gcina umgca ophambili wokufundisa ucocekile:
ikamva lemali lixhomekeke kwimigaqo yenkqubo, ngubani olawula le migaqo, kunye nenkululeko abantu abanayo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo.

Esi sahluko sisisiqingatha senyaniso nesisiqingatha sokuvavanya, ngoko balanse zombini:

• kuqala, fundisa umahluko ngokucacileyo
• emva koko, nikezela indawo yokuba abafundi bacinge baze baphendule

Gwema ukwenza isifundo sizive ngathi sisishwankathelo esikhawulezileyo. Kufuneka sizive ngathi sisiphelo esibalulekileyo kulo lonke ikhosi.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo okufanele aphambili, xa ixesha lincinci, ngala:

• Yintoni i-CBDC
• My First Bitcoin vs CBDCs
• Ifilosofi ye-My First Bitcoin
• Izibonelelo eziphambili ezixoxwe kwesi sahluko
• Ingcinga yokugqibela ngendlela ingcinga yabafundi etshintshe ngayo

Kubonakala Njani Okulungileyo

• Kubalulekile ukwenza ingxoxo ibe yeyobuqu ngokubuza "Luhlobo luni lwemali ofuna ukuba nalo, kwaye kutheni?", uthelekise ikamva elahlukileyo ngokufanelekileyo ubonise ukuba omabini anezinto ezilungileyo nezimbi, xhasa ingxoxo kwiimeko zokwenyani ezifana nokuthumela imali ekhaya kunye nokufikelela kwabangenayo imali ebhankini, kwaye ubuyele kwimibuzo evulwe kwiSahluko 1 ukuze ubonise indlela ingcinga etshintshe ngayo.
• Ootitshala kufuneka babe ngabakhokeli abacingayo abakwazi ukubuza imibuzo hayi nje ukuphendula, babe nehlonipho xa beqikelela ikamva, bahloniphe ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo banokungavumelani, badibanise amabali okwenyani avela kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye banike amandla abafundi ukuba baqonde ukuba banendima ekwakheni ikamva.
• Abafundi baziva benoxanduva ngekamva hayi nje ukwamkela into ekhoyo, baqonde umahluko beqonda ukuba omabini la maqonga anezinto ezilungileyo nezimbi kwaye akukho mpendulo igqibeleleyo, babone unxibelelwano olucacileyo phakathi koko bakufundileyo kunye nentshukumo yokwenyani, baphuhlise ithemba elisekelwe kwinyani, kwaye baqonde amandla abo ekwakheni iinkqubo zemali.
• Iziphumo zokufunda kufuneka zifezekiswe ukuba abafundi bayakwazi ukuchaza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zekamva lemali kubandakanya ulawulo lwe-CBDC, ukwamkelwa kwe-My First Bitcoin, kunye neendlela ezidibeneyo, bahlalutye i-CBDC xa ithelekiswa ne-My First Bitcoin ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nolawulo, ubumfihlo, kunye nokuchasana nokucinywa, baqonde iimeko zokwenyani apho i-My First Bitcoin inceda ekuthumeleni imali ekhaya nasekuphepheni ukuhla kwemali, baqonde i-My First Bitcoin njengenye yeendlela ezininzi hayi isisombululo kuyo yonke into, bathathe inxaxheba ngokucinga kwimibuzo evulekileyo malunga nohlobo lweenkqubo zemali esifuna ukuba nazo, kwaye benze unxibelelwano lobuqu malunga nendlela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo eziza kuchaphazela ngayo ubomi babo.

Ulawulo Lwexesha

Xa ixesha lincinci, phambili:

• Yintoni i-CBDC
• My First Bitcoin vs CBDCs (ulawulo, ubumfihlo, ukuchasana nokucinywa)
• Ifilosofi ye-My First Bitcoin (ukuzimelela, ulawulo lwakho)
• Izibonelelo eziphambili ezixoxwe kwesi sahluko
• Ingcinga yokugqibela: indlela ingcinga yabafundi etshintshe ngayo

Ukuba ixesha likhona, thatha ixesha kwi:

• Imihla yokuphunyezwa kwe-CBDC kumazwe ahlukeneyo
• Uhlalutyo lwemigaqo-nkqubo: ikamva lemali kumazwe ahlukeneyo
• Iprojekthi yophando yomfundi ngemiphumo yasekuhlaleni
• Ingcinga ebanzi malunga nokuzimela kwezezimali kobuqu
• Uphando olunzulu lweempawu (ukuhlala ixesha elide, ukwabiwa, njl.)
• Iimeko ezineenkcukacha zohlobo lwemali
• Ukungena nzulu kwixesha lokulinda kunye nokulibazisa ukwaneliseka

Ukuba Abafundi Banengxaki

• Ikamva elingacacanga → "Yila imali ukusuka ekuqaleni; ungathanda ukuba injani?"
• CBDC vs. My First Bitcoin → Itheyibhile elula (ulawulo, ubumfihlo, ukuchasana nokucinywa).
• Dibanisa ukufunda nentshukumo → "Uza kwenza ntoni nge-My First Bitcoin? Unga cebisa urhulumente?"